項(xiàng)目二：工業(yè)濃硝酸質(zhì)量分析任務(wù)一：液體樣品采樣方法采樣的目的、要求和基本術(shù)語課程：工業(yè)分析中文Scenario2:QualityanalysisofindustrialconcentratednitricacidTask1:SamplingmethodforliquidsamplesThepurpose,requirements,andbasicterminologyofsamplingCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish

工業(yè)分析的任務(wù)是從大批物料中確定某種或某些組分的平均質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)。工業(yè)分析測(cè)定步驟：采樣、制樣、分解樣品、消除干擾、方法的選擇、結(jié)果的計(jì)算和數(shù)據(jù)的評(píng)價(jià)。中文

Thetaskofindustrialanalysisistodeterminetheaveragemassfractionofacertainorcertaincomponentfromalargenumberofmaterials.

Industrialanalysisandmeasurementsteps:sampling,samplepreparation,sampledecomposition,interferenceelimination,methodselection,resultcalculation,anddataevaluation.theobtainedsamplesmustberepresentativeEglish一、采樣的基本術(shù)語1、采樣單元：具有界限的一定數(shù)量物料，其界限可能是有形的也可能是無形的。2、子樣（份樣）：用采樣器從一個(gè)采樣單元中一次取得的一定量物料。3、樣品：從數(shù)量較大的采樣單元中取得的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)采樣單元，或從一個(gè)采樣單元中取得的一份或幾個(gè)子樣。4、原始平均試樣：合并所有采取的子樣中文一、Basicterminologyofsampling1.Samplingunit:Acertainquantityofmaterialwithboundaries,whoseboundariesmaybetangibleorintangible.2.Subsample:Acertainamountofmaterialobtainedatoncefromasamplingunitusingasampler.3.Sample:Oneorseveralsamplingunitsobtainedfromalargenumberofsamplingunits,oroneorseveralsubsamplesobtainedfromasinglesamplingunit.4.Originalaveragesample:ThesampleobtainedbycombiningallthesubsamplestakenEglish5、分析化驗(yàn)單位：應(yīng)采取一個(gè)原始平均試樣的物料的總量。6、實(shí)驗(yàn)室樣品：為送往實(shí)驗(yàn)室供檢驗(yàn)或測(cè)試而制備的樣品。7、備考樣品：與實(shí)驗(yàn)室樣品同時(shí)同樣制備的樣品，在有爭(zhēng)議時(shí)，它可為有關(guān)方面接受用作實(shí)驗(yàn)室樣品。8、部位樣品：從物料的特定部位或在物料流的特定部位和時(shí)間取得的一定數(shù)量或大小的樣品。9、表面樣品：在物料表面取得的樣品，以獲得關(guān)于此物料表面的資料。中文5.Analysisandtestingunit:Thetotalamountofmaterialinanoriginalaveragesampleshouldbetaken.6.Laboratorysample:Asamplepreparedforsendingtothelaboratoryforinspectionortesting.7.Preparationsample:Asamplepreparedsimultaneouslywithalaboratorysample,whichcanbeacceptedbyrelevantpartiesasalaboratorysampleincaseofdispute.8.Partsamples:Acertainquantityorsizeofsamplesobtainedfromaspecificpartofamaterialorataspecificpartandtimeinthematerialflow.9.Surfacesample:Asampleobtainedonthesurfaceofamaterialtoobtaininformationaboutitssurface.Eglish二、采樣要求

采取有代表性的實(shí)驗(yàn)室樣品時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)物料的堆放情況及顆粒大小，從不同部位和深度選取多個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)，采取一定量的樣品，混合均勻。采取的份數(shù)越多越有代表性。但是采樣量過大，會(huì)給后面的制樣帶來麻煩。中文二、Samplingrequirements

Whentakingrepresentativelaboratorysamples,multiplesamplingpointsshouldbeselectedfromdifferentpartsanddepthsbasedonthestackingsituationandparticlesizeofthematerials.Acertainamountofsamplesshouldbetakenandmixedevenly.Themorecopiestaken,themorerepresentativetheyare.Butifthesamplingamountistoolarge,itwillcausetroubleforthesubsequentsamplepreparation.Eglish1、采樣原則中文1、SamplingprinciplesUnevenmaterials:generalrandomsamplingUniformmaterial:canbesampledfromanypartSamplingprinciplesUniformmaterialreferstotheaveragevalueofthecharacteristicsofeachpartofthematerialwithinthemeasurementerrorrangeUnevenmaterialreferstotheaveragevalueofthecharacteristicsofeachpartofthematerialthatisnotwithinthemeasurementerrorrangeEglish2、采樣量采樣的數(shù)量一式三份供檢驗(yàn)、復(fù)檢和備查用滿足3次檢驗(yàn)需要量中文2、SamplingamountThreecopiesofthesamplingquantityareprovidedforinspection,retesting,andreferencepurposesSamplingsteps:DeterminethenumberofsamplingunitssampleineachunitDeterminationofthenumberofsamplingunitsn(Nisthetotalnumberofpieces):Whenthenumberofunits>500,

Whenthenumberofunitsislessthan500,takesamplesaccordingtothespecifiednumberofpiecesEglish中文OverallmaterialunitOverallmaterialunitMinimumunitsselectedMinimumunitsselectedTotalunitsRegulationsonthenumberofsamplingunitsEglish三、采樣記錄書寫

采樣時(shí)，要認(rèn)真填寫采樣記錄，寫明樣品的生產(chǎn)日期、批號(hào)、采樣條件、方法、數(shù)量、包裝情況等。外地調(diào)入的食品還應(yīng)結(jié)合運(yùn)貨單、商檢機(jī)關(guān)和衛(wèi)生部門的化驗(yàn)單、廠方化驗(yàn)單等，了解起運(yùn)日期、來源地點(diǎn)、數(shù)量、品質(zhì)及包裝情況。同時(shí)注意其運(yùn)輸及保管條件，并填寫檢驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、?xiàng)目及采樣人。中文三、Writingmethodforsamplingrecords

Whensampling,itisnecessarytocarefullyfillinthesamplingrecord,statingtheproductiondate,batchnumber,samplingconditions,method,quantity,packagingsituation,etc.ofthesample.Thefoodtransferredfromotherplacesshouldalsobecombinedwiththewaybill,inspectionandhealthdepartment'stestreport,factory'stestreport,etc.tounderstandthedat