1/1考前押題04閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文、記敘文&說(shuō)明文必刷15題（期末復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練）文體類型話題歸納（亮點(diǎn)聚焦）內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航（抓分關(guān)鍵）應(yīng)用文人物風(fēng)采（偉人、平民榜樣）觀點(diǎn)交鋒（科技、學(xué)習(xí)利弊建言）場(chǎng)景溝通（訪談、出行規(guī)劃）4.文旅宣傳（景點(diǎn)、公園投稿推廣）1.速抓人物身份、核心貢獻(xiàn)2.明辨論點(diǎn)論據(jù)，提煉立場(chǎng)3.鎖定場(chǎng)景關(guān)鍵詞，理清交流目的4.萃取景點(diǎn)特色，把握宣傳核心記敘文名人成長(zhǎng)（達(dá)爾文、楊振寧奮斗史）戶外探險(xiǎn)（鄭和探險(xiǎn)記）3.平凡壯舉（黃大年英雄事跡）1.梳理時(shí)間、事件線索，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)2.深挖細(xì)節(jié)描寫，解讀人物品質(zhì)3.提煉敘事主旨，共情作者情感說(shuō)明文科技前沿（智能家居、仿生機(jī)器人）自然生態(tài)（國(guó)家公園、景區(qū)物種地貌）3.人際密碼（肢體語(yǔ)言的情緒信號(hào)）1.拆解科技原理、應(yīng)用與爭(zhēng)議2.抓取自然景觀核心特征與生態(tài)價(jià)值3.對(duì)應(yīng)肢體動(dòng)作與溝通功能Passage01閱讀理解Intoday’sbusyworld,laughterismoreimportantthanever.Anumberofcomedianshavegainedfameasexpertsinspreadingjoyandhumortoaudiencesacrosstheglobe.TrevorNoahTrevorNoah,originallyfromSouthAfrica,hasbecomeaglobalcomedicstar.HegainedinternationalrecognitionthroughhisappearancesonTheTonightShowandTheLateShowwithDavidLetterman.In2015,hesucceededJonStewartasthehostofTheDailyShow,bringingafreshandinternationalviewpointtotheprogram.Hiscomedyoftenreflectshisuniquebackground,touchingonthemesofidentity,politicsandsocialissues.Noah’sstand-upspecials,suchasSonofPatriciaandAfraidoftheDark,showcasehiscleverandoftenhumoroustakeonglobalandlocalissues.HasanMinhajHasanMinhajisknownforhissharppoliticaljokesandinterestingstories.AnAmericancomedianofIndianorigin,MinhajbecamefamousasareporteronTheDailyShowwithJonStewart,whohostedtheshowfor16years.Minhaj’sone-manshow,HomecomingKing,whichfirstappearedonNetflix,wonaPeabodyAwardandhighlightedhisexperiencesgrowingupasanIndian-AmericanMuslim.JimGaffiganJimGaffiganisastand-upcomedianknownforhisclean,observationalhumor.OriginallyfromIndiana,GaffiganbeganhiscareerinNewYorkCity,performingatclubsandslowlybuildingareputationforhisuniquetakeoneverydaylife.Hiscomedyoftenfocusesonfatherhood,food,andtheordinaryaspectsoflife,deliveredwitharelaxedstyle.Gaffiganhasputoutnumerouscomedyspecialsandhasalsotriedhishandatactingandwriting,withseveralbest-sellingbookstohisname.AliWongAliWong,aSanFrancisconative,hasmadeasignificantimpactwithheruniquecomedicstyle.WonggainedwidespreadrecognitionwithherNetflixspecialBabyCobra,filmedwhileshewasexpectingababy.Thisuniqueaspect,combinedwithherhonestdiscussionsaboutmarriage,motherhoodandcareer,madeheranimmediatehit.Herfollow-upspecial,HardKnockWife,continuedhersuccess.1．Whichofthefollowingisastand-upspecialperformedbyTrevorNoah?A．BabyCobra. B．SonofPatricia.C．HardKnockWife. D．HomecomingKing.2．WhoonceworkedasareporterwithJonStewart?A．HasanMinhaj. B．JimGaffigan. C．TrevorNoah. D．AliWong.3．WhatcanwelearnaboutAliWong?A．Sheavoidsdiscussingmotherhood. B．Sheisfamousforherbest-sellingbooks.C．HerfirstNetflixspecialwasafailure. D．Herexperiencehelpedhergainfame.【答案】1．B2．A3．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了因在全球傳播歡樂(lè)與幽默而聞名的四位喜劇演員及其喜劇風(fēng)格與成就。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TrevorNoah部分“Noah’sstand-upspecials,suchasSonofPatriciaandAfraidoftheDark,showcasehiscleverandoftenhumoroustakeonglobalandlocalissues.(諾亞的單口喜劇特輯，如《帕特里夏之子》和《怕黑》，展現(xiàn)了他對(duì)全球及本土議題的獨(dú)到見(jiàn)解，這些見(jiàn)解往往還帶有幽默色彩。)”可知，《帕特里夏之子》是TrevorNoah的單口喜劇特別節(jié)目。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HasanMinhaj部分“HasanMinhajisknownforhissharppoliticaljokesandinterestingstories.AnAmericancomedianofIndianorigin,MinhajbecamefamousasareporteronTheDailyShowwithJonStewart(HasanMinhaj以其犀利的政治笑話和有趣的故事而聞名。Minhaj是一位印度裔美國(guó)喜劇演員，他作為記者和JonStewart一起在《每日秀》工作而聲名大噪。)”可知，HasanMinhaj曾作為記者和JonStewart一起在《每日秀》工作。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AliWong部分“WonggainedwidespreadrecognitionwithherNetflixspecialBabyCobra,filmedwhileshewasexpectingababy.Thisuniqueaspect,combinedwithherhonestdiscussionsaboutmarriage,motherhoodandcareer,madeheranimmediatehit.(Wong憑借她在網(wǎng)飛的脫口秀特輯《眼鏡蛇寶寶》獲得了廣泛認(rèn)可，該特輯是在她懷孕期間拍攝的。這一獨(dú)特之處，再加上她對(duì)婚姻、母親身份和職業(yè)的坦誠(chéng)探討，使她迅速走紅。)”可知，她懷孕時(shí)拍攝《眼鏡蛇寶寶》這一獨(dú)特經(jīng)歷以及她對(duì)婚姻、母親身份和事業(yè)的誠(chéng)實(shí)討論幫助她獲得了名聲，即她的經(jīng)歷幫助她獲得了名氣。故選D。Passage02ArtificialIntelligence(AI)andMachineLearningCampWelcometojoinourArtificialIntelligence(AI)andMachineLearningCamp.YourpursuitofacareerinAIcouldstarthere!Let’sbeginwithanintroductiontohowourcoursesarebuilt:●UsePythoncodewithtoolslikeTensorFlowtoexplorenetworkdesign.●Developabasiccodingskillset,trainandtestmodels.●Workwithworld-classdatasetsandworkontopicslikerecognizinghandwritingwithMNIST.CamparrangementThisisaweek-longAIsummercampforthoseaged13to17,runningfromMondaytoSunday.It’sdesignedforstudentswithintermediate(中等的)toadvancedskilllevels.Learningsessionswillbeheldinalabonakeyuniversitycampus.Studentswillbeplacedwithinasmallgroupandguidedbyanexperiencedinstructor.Besideslearninginalab,dailyschedulesalsoallowforoutdoorandrelaxingactivities.Residentialandnon-residentialoptionsareprovidedbasedonlocation.PriceThecostofnon-residentialoptionis$800,withanadditionalfeeof$240fortheresidentialoption.Iftwostudentsregistertogether,theycanbothenjoya15%discount.Diploma&transcript(畢業(yè)證和成績(jī)單)Attheconclusionofthestudents’course,theywillreceiveanofficialtechdiplomaandcoursetranscriptoutliningtheskillslearnedoverthecourseoftheweek.Additionalinformation●Studentsareexpectedtoattendallscheduledsessions.Missingmorethantwodayswillfailtoobtainthediploma.●Allprojectsmustbesubmitted(提交)ontime.Latesubmissionsmayaffectthefinalevaluation.●Studentsmustfollowallthecamprulesandattendscheduledsessionsontime.Regularfeedback(反饋的意見(jiàn))willbeprovidedtoparents.1．Whatcanyouenjoyinthecamp?A．CoursesforbeginnersinAI.B．Aone-to-oneteachingmodel.C．Experiencedinstructorsfromuniversities.D．Abalanceddailyschedulewithoutdoorfun.2．Howmuchshouldyoupayifyousignupfortheresidentialoptionwithyourfriend?A．$476. B．$680. C．$884. D．$1,040.3．Whichofthefollowingwillkeepyoufromgettingthediploma?A．Beingcarelesswithprojects. B．Takingathree-dayleave.C．Beinglatefordailycourses. D．Failingtohandinfeedback.【答案】1．D2．C3．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了人工智能與機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)夏令營(yíng)的課程設(shè)置、營(yíng)地安排、價(jià)格、畢業(yè)證與成績(jī)單相關(guān)規(guī)定以及其他注意事項(xiàng)，旨在吸引13至17歲具備中高級(jí)技能水平的學(xué)生報(bào)名參加。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Camparrangement”部分中“Besideslearninginalab,dailyschedulesalsoallowforoutdoorandrelaxingactivities.(除了在實(shí)驗(yàn)室學(xué)習(xí)外，日常安排中還包含戶外和休閑活動(dòng))”可知，該夏令營(yíng)的日常安排兼顧學(xué)習(xí)與戶外娛樂(lè)，十分均衡。故選D項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Price”部分中“Thecostofnon-residentialoptionis$800,withanadditionalfeeof$240fortheresidentialoption.Iftwostudentsregistertogether,theycanbothenjoya15%discount.(非住宿選項(xiàng)的費(fèi)用為800美元，住宿選項(xiàng)需額外支付240美元。若兩名學(xué)生一同注冊(cè)，兩人均可享受15%的折扣)”可知，非住宿選項(xiàng)費(fèi)用為800美元，住宿選項(xiàng)需額外支付240美元，因此單個(gè)學(xué)生的住宿選項(xiàng)總費(fèi)用為800+240=1040美元；兩人一起報(bào)名可享受15%的折扣，即需支付原價(jià)的85%。因此，兩人報(bào)名住宿選項(xiàng)的總費(fèi)用為1040×2×85%=1768美元，平均每人支付1768÷2=884美元。故選C項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Additionalinformation”部分中“Missingmorethantwodayswillfailtoobtainthediploma.(缺席超過(guò)兩天將無(wú)法獲得畢業(yè)證)”可知，請(qǐng)假三天（超過(guò)兩天）會(huì)導(dǎo)致無(wú)法拿到畢業(yè)證。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage03TopHumanoidRobotCompaniesinChina—MICWeeklyHumanoidrobots,asacombinationofartificialintelligenceandmechanicaltechnology,aregraduallybecominganimportantfieldinmoderntechnology.Theserobotscannotonlyperformsimpletasksbutalsopossesstheabilitytointeractwithhumans,playingsignificantrolesinvariousareassuchasservices,healthcare,andeducation.SomeofthenotableChinesehumanoidrobotsareasfollows:XiaomiCyberOne:LaunchedonAugust11,2022,it’sXiaomi’sfirstfull-sizedhumanoidbionicrobot.Ithashighemotionalintelligence,cannoticehumanemotions,andhassharpvisionfor3Dvirtualreconstruction.It’sequippedwithXiaomi’sself-developedMi-sensedeepvisionmoduleandcanperformidentityrecognition,gesturerecognition,etc.LejuKuaVo:ThelatestgenerationhumanoidrobotbyLeju(Shenzhen)RoboticsTechnologyCo.,Ltd.LaunchedinDecember2023,itfirstappearedatHuawei’sHDC2024.It’sChina’sfirstopen-sourceHarmonyOShumanoidrobotthatcanjumpandwalkacrossvariousterrains(地形),with26degreesoffreedom.UbtechWalkerS1:Ubtech’snewgenerationindustrialhumanoidrobot,developedbasedonfull-stackhumanoidrobottechnology.Itincorporateskeyembodiedintelligencetechnologies,enablingittomeetindustrialapplicationneeds.Ithasbeenemployedinautomotivefactoriesforpracticaltraining.UnitreeG1:ThemassproductionversionisreleasedbyUnitreeTechnology.Standingabout127cmtallandweighingaround35kg,ithashighflexibilityandcanperformcomplexdynamicactions,runningataspeedgreaterthan2m/s.AgibotYuanzhengA2-W:Atthe2024annualnewproductlaunchofAgibot,itwasintroduced.Therobotsshowcasedoperationslikeplayingmahjong,unpackingdeliveries,andlifting30kgweights.1．WhichisnotafunctionofXiaomiCyberOne?A．Shoppingdelivery. B．Gesturerecognition.C．Identityrecognition. D．Emotionalawareness.2．WhatisspecialaboutUbtechWalkerS1?A．Ithashighflexibility.B．Itcaninteractwithhumans.C．Ithashighemotionalintelligence.D．Itismainlyappliedinindustrialfield.3．Whatcanwelearnabouttheserobots?A．Alltherobotscanbeemployedinhealthcare.B．BothUnitreeG1andLejuKuaVocandosomesports.C．Neitheroftheserobotscanplayboardgameswithpeople.D．BothUnitreeG1andAgibotYuanzhengA2-Waregoodatweightlifting.【答案】1．A2．D3．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹中國(guó)幾家知名的人形機(jī)器人公司及其產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)和功能。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)XiaomiCyberOne部分中的“Ithashighemotionalintelligence,cannoticehumanemotions,andhassharpvisionfor3Dvirtualreconstruction.It’sequippedwithXiaomi’sself-developedMi-sensedeepvisionmoduleandcanperformidentityrecognition,gesturerecognition,etc.(它具有高情商，能感知人類情緒，擁有敏銳的3D虛擬重建視覺(jué)。它配備了小米自主研發(fā)的Mi-sense深度視覺(jué)模塊，可進(jìn)行身份識(shí)別、手勢(shì)識(shí)別等)”可知，購(gòu)物配送不是小米CyberOne的功能。故選A項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UbtechWalkerS1部分中的“Ubtech’snewgenerationindustrialhumanoidrobot,developedbasedonfull-stackhumanoidrobottechnology.Itincorporateskeyembodiedintelligencetechnologies,enablingittomeetindustrialapplicationneeds.Ithasbeenemployedinautomotivefactoriesforpracticaltraining.(優(yōu)必選基于全棧人形機(jī)器人技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)的新一代工業(yè)人形機(jī)器人。它融合了關(guān)鍵的具身智能技術(shù)，能夠滿足工業(yè)應(yīng)用需求。它已被用于汽車工廠的實(shí)操培訓(xùn))”可知，優(yōu)必選WalkerS1的特別之處在于主要應(yīng)用于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。故選D項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LejuKuaVo部分中的“LaunchedinDecember2023,itfirstappearedatHuawei’sHDC2024.It’sChina’sfirstopen-sourceHarmonyOShumanoidrobotthatcanjumpandwalkacrossvariousterrains(地形),with26degreesoffreedom.(它于2023年12月推出，首次亮相于華為2024年開(kāi)發(fā)者大會(huì)。這是中國(guó)首款開(kāi)源鴻蒙人形機(jī)器人，它能夠跳躍并在各種地形上行走，擁有26個(gè)自由度)”及UnitreeG1部分中的“Standingabout127cmtallandweighingaround35kg,ithashighflexibilityandcanperformcomplexdynamicactions,runningataspeedgreaterthan2m/s.(它高約127厘米，重35公斤左右，靈活性極強(qiáng)，能完成復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)作，奔跑速度超過(guò)2米/秒)”可知，宇樹(shù)G1和樂(lè)聚KuaVo都能進(jìn)行一些運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage04DeepSeekhasshockedtheAIworldwithclaimsthatitslatestAImodel,R1,outperformsmostexistingleadingmodelsintheworld,despiteusinglessadvancedcomputerchips.However,it’sjustoneoftheChinesecompaniesworkingonAL.Here’saquicklookatotherleadingAImodelsinChina:ErnieBotErnieBot,developedbyBaidu,China’sdominantsearchengine,isthefirstAIchatbotmadepubliclyavailableinChina.Currently,ithas340millionusers.SimilartoOpenAI’sChatGPT,usersofErnieBotcanaskitquestionsandhaveitgenerateimagesbasedontextinstructions.Doubao1.5ProByteDance’sDoubao1.5ProisoneofthemostpopularAIchatbotsinChina,with60millionmonthlyactiveusers.AccordingtoByteDance,Doubao1.5ProisbetterthanOpenAI’sChatGPT-4oatretainingknowledge,coding,reasoning,andChineselanguageprocessing.ThemodelalsorequireslowerhardwarecostscomparedtootherlargelanguagemodelsbecauseDoubaousesahighlyimprovedarchitecturethatbalancesperformancewithreducedcomputingpower.Kimik1.5AlthoughMoonshotAI’srecentlyreleasedKimik1.5spendsmoretimethinkingbeforeitresponds,itisverygoodatanalyzingverylongtextsandcansolveextremelycomplexproblems.MoonshotclaimsthatKimik1.5outperformsOpenAI’sChatGPT-olinmathematics,coding,andtheabilitytocomprehendbothtextandvisualinputssuchasphotosandvideos.Qwen-2.5-1MQwen-2.5-1MisAlibabaCloud’sopen-sourceseries.Itcontainslargelanguagemodelsthatcaneasilyhandleextremelylongtexts,andengageinlongeranddeeperconversations.Ithasmostlybeentargetedatdevelopersandbusinesscustomers,suchasautomakers,banksandvideogamecreators,aspartofproductdevelopmentandshapingcustomerexperiences.1．WhichistheearliestAImodelavailabletothepublicinChina?A．DeepSeekR1. B．ErnieBot.C．Doubao1.5Pro. D．Kimik1.5.2．ComparedwithDoubao1.5Pro,ChatGPT-4o______.A．consumeslessenergy B．canprocessChinesetextsbetterC．outperformsinreasoning D．requiresmorecomputingpower3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutQwen-2.5-1M?A．ItiscreatedbyMoonshot. B．Itneedstextandvisualinputs.C．ItmightbefasterthanKimik1.5. D．Itistargetedatthegeneralpublic.【答案】1．B2．D3．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是中國(guó)領(lǐng)先的AI模型。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ErnieBot部分“ErnieBot,developedbyBaidu,China’sdominantsearchengine,isthefirstAIchatbotmadepubliclyavailableinChina.Currently,ithas340millionusers.(文心一言由百度（中國(guó)領(lǐng)先的搜索引擎公司）開(kāi)發(fā)，是中國(guó)首個(gè)向公眾開(kāi)放的人工智能聊天機(jī)器人。)”可知，ErnieBot是最早向公眾開(kāi)放的人工智能模型。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)Doubao1.5Pro部分“AccordingtoByteDance,Doubao1.5ProisbetterthanOpenAI’sChatGPT-4oatretainingknowledge,coding,reasoning,andChineselanguageprocessing.ThemodelalsorequireslowerhardwarecostscomparedtootherlargelanguagemodelsbecauseDoubaousesahighlyimprovedarchitecturethatbalancesperformancewithreducedcomputingpower.(據(jù)字節(jié)跳動(dòng)稱，豆包1.5Pro在知識(shí)記憶、編程、推理和中文語(yǔ)言處理方面優(yōu)于OpenAI的ChatGPT-4o。該模型所需的硬件成本也低于其他大型語(yǔ)言模型，因?yàn)槎拱捎昧艘环N高度優(yōu)化的架構(gòu)，在性能和降低計(jì)算功耗之間取得了平衡。)”可知，與豆包1.5Pro相比，ChatGPT-4o需要更多的計(jì)算能力。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)Kimik1.5部分的“AlthoughMoonshotAI’srecentlyreleasedKimik1.5spendsmoretimethinkingbeforeitresponds,itisverygoodatanalyzingverylongtextsandcansolveextremelycomplexproblems.(盡管MoonshotAI最近發(fā)布的Kimik1.5在回應(yīng)之前需要更多思考時(shí)間，但它在分析超長(zhǎng)文本和解決極其復(fù)雜問(wèn)題方面表現(xiàn)出色。)”和Qwen-2.5-1M部分“Itcontainslargelanguagemodelsthatcaneasilyhandleextremelylongtexts,andengageinlongeranddeeperconversations.(它包含能夠輕松處理超長(zhǎng)文本并進(jìn)行更長(zhǎng)、更深層次對(duì)話的大型語(yǔ)言模型。)”可知，Qwen-2.5-1M可能比Kimik1.5更快。故選C。Passage05YangChen-Ning,oneofthemostinfluentialphysicistsofthe20thcenturyandthefirstChinesescientisttowinaNobelPrize,diedinBeijingattheageof103.YangwasborninHefei,AnhuiProvince,in1922.Hisfather,YangWu-Chih,wasamathematicsprofessoratTsinghuaUniversity.TheyoungYanggrewupontheTsinghuacampus,immersedinbooksandideasthatwouldshapehisfuture.In1957,YangandfellowtheoreticalphysicistLeeTsung-DaowerejointlyawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsfortheirparityviolationtheory(宇稱不守恒定律).Thefindingoverturnedoneofphysics’long-heldassumptionsandreshapedourunderstandingofnature’slaws.TheNobelcommitteepraised“theirprofoundinvestigation…whichhasledtoimportantdiscoveriesregardingtheelementaryparticles”.Beyondhistechnicalachievements,Yang’sscientificjourneywasguidedbyaprofoundsenseoftheaesthetic(美學(xué))ofthought.Inhisessaycollection,hereflectedontheBritishphysicistPaulDirac,whoseideas,Yangwrote,were“captivating.”HedescribedDirac’swritingsas“clearasautumnwater,unstainedbydust,”withnotatraceofwaste.FollowingDirac’sreasoning,hesaid,alwaysfeltmarvellous(非凡的),leadingtoinsightsnoonecouldhaveimaginedbeforehand.ToYang,theDiracequationwasnothingshortofarevelation—anexpressionofbothscientificprecisionandpoeticbeauty.AfterdecadesintheUnitedStates,YangbeganvisitingChinamorefrequentlyinthe1990s.In1999,heacceptedaprofessorshipatTsinghuaUniversity,wherehehelpedestablishtheInstituteforAdvancedStudyandraisedfundstosupportyoungscientists.Eveninhiseightiesandnineties,Yangcontinuedtoteachundergraduatesandtakepartinresearch.Colleaguesrememberhisauthorityanddeepcuriosity.Hebelievededucationwasnotonlyaboutpassingonknowledge,butaboutinspiringwonder—thesamesenseofwonderthathaddrivenhisownlife’swork.1．ForwhatwasYangawardedtheNobelPrize?A．Aremarkablediscovery. B．Apracticalinvention.C．Aprofoundinvestigation. D．Along-heldassumption.2．WhatdidYangthinkofPaulDirac’sequation?A．Clearyettime-consuming. B．Abstractyetinspiring.C．Exactandbeautiful. D．Complexyetinsightful.3．WhatdidYangbelievewasanimportantpartofeducation?A．Encouragingstudentstochallengeauthority.B．Motivatingstudentstolearnactively.C．Cultivatingstudents’problem-solvingabilities.D．Trainingstudentstoworkindependently.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．secretsBehindtheNobelPrizeB．AScientist’sDevotiontoHisMotherlandC．BrilliantDiscoveryofPhysicsD．APhysicistofBeautyandCuriosity【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇人物介紹。文章主要介紹了物理學(xué)家楊振寧的一生與貢獻(xiàn)。記述了他從少年時(shí)代到獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，再到晚年回到中國(guó)推動(dòng)科研與教育的經(jīng)歷。文章呈現(xiàn)了楊振寧作為科學(xué)家的卓越成就和他對(duì)科學(xué)之美的獨(dú)特理解。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thefindingoverturnedoneofphysics’long-heldassumptionsandreshapedourunderstandingofnature’slaws.(他們的這一發(fā)現(xiàn)推翻了物理學(xué)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的一項(xiàng)假設(shè)，重新塑造了我們對(duì)自然法則的理解。)”可知，楊振寧被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)是因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“ToYang,theDiracequationwasnothingshortofarevelation—anexpressionofbothscientificprecisionandpoeticbeauty.(對(duì)楊來(lái)說(shuō)，狄拉克方程無(wú)疑是一場(chǎng)啟示——既是科學(xué)精確性的體現(xiàn)，也是詩(shī)意美的表達(dá)。)可知，楊振寧認(rèn)為保羅·狄拉克的方程精確且美麗。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hebelievededucationwasnotonlyaboutpassingonknowledge,butaboutinspiringwonder—thesamesenseofwonderthathaddrivenhisownlife’swork.(他認(rèn)為教育不僅僅是傳授知識(shí)，更是激發(fā)好奇心——正是這種好奇心推動(dòng)了他自己一生的工作。)”可知，楊振寧認(rèn)為教育的重要組成部分是激勵(lì)學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)。故選B。4．主旨大意題。文章主要講了楊振寧作為科學(xué)家的一生，第二、三段講他的出生和獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的經(jīng)歷，第四段講楊振寧的科學(xué)經(jīng)歷受到了很深的美學(xué)思想的影響，最后兩段著重講的是楊振寧回國(guó)后的貢獻(xiàn)和在教育方面的付出。所以選D“APhysicistofBeautyandCuriosity(一個(gè)美麗與好奇心并存的物理學(xué)家)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D。Passage06CharlesRobertDarwin(12February1809,Shropshire,England)demonstratedascientifictalentfromchildhood.Hiskeeninterestinchemistrywasevidenteveninhisschooldays,leadinghispeerstocallhim“Gas”.In1825,hisfathersenthimtostudymedicineatEdinburghUniversity,wherehelearnedhowtoclassifyplants.DarwinbecamepassionateaboutnaturalhistoryandthisbecamehisfocuswhilehestudiedatCambridge.DarwinwentonavoyagetogetherwithRobertFitzroy,thecaptainofHMSBeagle,toSouthAmericatofacilitateBritishtradeinPatagonia.Thejourneywaslife-changing.Darwinspentmuchofthetriponlandcollectingsamplesofplants,animalsandrocks,whichhelpedhimtodevelopanunderstandingoftheprocessesthatshapetheEarth’ssurface.Darwin’sanalysisoftheplantsandanimalsthathegatheredledhimtoexpressdoubtsonformerexplanationsabouthowspeciesformedandevolvedovertime.Darwin’sworkconvincedhimthatnaturalselectionwaskeytounderstandingthedevelopmentofthenaturalworld.Thetheoryofnaturalselectionsaysthatindividualsofaspeciesaremorelikelytosurvivewhentheyinherit(經(jīng)遺傳獲得)characteristicsbestsuitedforthatspecificenvironment.Thesefeaturesthenbecomemorewidespreadandcanleadeventuallytothedevelopmentofanewspecies.Darwinmarriedhiscousin,EmmaWedgwood,in1839.WhenDarwin’seldestdaughter,Annie,diedfromasuddenillnessin1851,helosthisbeliefinGod.Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,changinghowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.Darwinhadpreviouslythoughtthatspeciesremainedadapteduntiltheenvironmentchanged;henowbelievedthateverynewvariationwasimperfectandthatastruggletosurvivewaswhatdrovespeciestoadapt.Thoughrejectedatthebeginning,Darwin’stheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectionisnowadayswellacceptedbythescientificcommunityasthebestevidence-basedexplanationforthediversityandcomplexityoflifeonEarth.1．WhatmadeDarwinreconsidertheoriginanddevelopmentofspecies?A．Examiningplantsandanimalscollected.B．Hisdesireforavoyagetodifferentcontinents.C．ClassifyingsamplesinajourneytoSouthAmerica.D．HispassionfornaturalhistoryatEdinburghUniversity.2．WhichofthefollowingchangedDarwin’sviewonthehumanspecies?A．Thathehadtenchildreninall.B．Thathelosthiseldestdaughter.C．Hisyoungestkid’sbeingdisabled.D．HismarriagewithEmmaWedgwood.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Darwin’sinterestofstudyneverchanged.B．Darwin’shappyfamilygavehimmuchsupportinhisstudies.C．Darwin’stheoryofevolutionwasacceptedattheverybeginning.D．Darwin’sdiscoverieswerebasedonhislifeandfieldstudies.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．CharlesDarwin’schanginginterest.B．CharlesDarwin’slifeandwork.C．CharlesDarwin’spassionformedicalscience.D．CharlesDarwin’svoyageandfamilystories【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了達(dá)爾文的生平經(jīng)歷，包括求學(xué)、航海考察、核心理論創(chuàng)立及家庭變故對(duì)其思想的影響。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Darwin’sanalysisoftheplantsandanimalsthathegatheredledhimtoexpressdoubtsonformerexplanationsabouthowspeciesformedandevolvedovertime.(達(dá)爾文對(duì)收集到的動(dòng)植物進(jìn)行了分析，這讓他對(duì)以往關(guān)于物種如何形成和演變的解釋產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑。)”可知，對(duì)收集到的動(dòng)植物進(jìn)行研究，使達(dá)爾文重新思考物種的起源和發(fā)展。故選A項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,changinghowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.(他的第十個(gè)也是最后一個(gè)孩子查爾斯?瓦林?達(dá)爾文于1856年出生。對(duì)達(dá)爾文來(lái)說(shuō)意義重大的是，這個(gè)孩子身有殘疾，這改變了他對(duì)人類物種的看法。)”可知，達(dá)爾文最小的孩子身患?xì)埣?，改變了他?duì)人類物種的觀點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Darwinspentmuchofthetriponlandcollectingsamplesofplants,animalsandrocks,whichhelpedhimtodevelopanunderstandingoftheprocessesthatshapetheEarth’ssurface.(達(dá)爾文在陸地上花了很多時(shí)間收集植物、動(dòng)物和巖石的樣本，這幫助他了解了地球表面形成的過(guò)程)”以及第四段中的“Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,changinghowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.(他的第十個(gè)也是最后一個(gè)孩子查爾斯?韋林?達(dá)爾文于1856年出生。對(duì)達(dá)爾文來(lái)說(shuō)意義重大的是，這個(gè)孩子身有殘疾，這改變了他對(duì)人類物種的看法。)”等內(nèi)容可知，達(dá)爾文的發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于他的生活經(jīng)歷和實(shí)地考察。故選D項(xiàng)。4．主旨大意題。文章依次講述了達(dá)爾文的童年天賦、求學(xué)經(jīng)歷、航?？疾?、自然選擇理論的創(chuàng)立，以及家庭生活變故對(duì)其思想的影響，整體圍繞達(dá)爾文的生平與研究工作展開(kāi)。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage07(ZhangKeyu,Hubei)Everyoneknowsthepeoplewhohavehelpedtochangethefaceoftheworldinrecentyears.FromBillGatestoSteveJobstoJackMa,fewwouldnotrecognizetheirnames.However,thosewhoworktirelesslybehindthescenesoftengounnoticed,inspiteoftheirgreatachievements.Ifyouknowanyonewhodeservestohavetheircontributionsrecognized,wewouldlovetohearfromyou!Letusknowhowthesepeoplehavehelpedtomakeadifferenceinyoureyes.ThepersonIrespectmostisthegeophysicistHuangDanian,whohelpedChinatomakemanytechnologicaladvances.Huangwasaremarkablescientist.HehadstudiedandworkedinBritainfor18years,butwhenhefeltthathiscountryneededhim,hegaveuphiswell-paidjobandreturnedtoChina.Overthenextsevenyears,Huangworkedtodevelopmanydevicesneededfordeep-Earthexploration.Unfortunately,suchachievementsdidn’tcomecheap.Duetothefrantic(瘋狂的)paceofhisresearch,Huangwasabsentfromhisfather’sfuneral,andevenhisowncancerwentundetectedashehadnotimetoseeadoctor.Tosumup,Huangsacrificedeverythingforhisresearch,andIthinkmorepeopleshouldhonourhim.(ChenXueyin,Fujian)IwanttotelleveryoneabouttwoteachersonChangyuIsland,WangKaiquanandLinZhujin.Fewpeopleknowaboutthishometownofmine.Theislandisbeautiful,butit’squiteisolated,andtherearen’tmanymodernconveniences.Inbadweather,evenourwaterandpowersuppliesareunstable.Peoplewhohaveneverbeentoourislandareoftensurprisedbythisandfindithardtoadjust.Manywholiveontheislanddreamofleaving.Thesetwoprimaryschoolteachers,however,havestayedonfor23longyears!Theyaretheonlyteachershere,andtheyplantostayforaslongastherearechildrenwhoneedtoattendschool.Iwanttothankthem,andlettheworldknowabouttheseteacherswhoworktirelesslyeverydayforthesakeofthechildren.1．WhatcontributiondidHuangmaketoChina?A．Helpedimprovedeep-EarthexplorationtechnologyB．BuiltstablewaterandpowersuppliesonanislandC．Trainedprimaryschoolteachersfor23yearsD．Foundedawell-paidtechcompanyoverseas2．WhydidHuangskiphisfather’sfuneral?A．Hewasoccupiedwithdeep-EarthdeviceR&D． B．Hewasreceivingcancertreatment.C．Hecouldn’ttravelbackfromBritain. D．Hehadtoteachlocalchildren.3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“didn’tcomecheap”meaninparagraph4?A．Requirednohardwork B．Costmuch(effortorloss)C．Werenotcostlyinmoney D．tooklittletimetoachieve4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Well-knownglobalbusinessleadersB．AchievementsinChina’stechnologyandeducationC．ChallengesoflivingonaremoteislandD．Unrecognizedpeoplewithgreatdevotion【答案】1．A2．A3．B4．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了兩位作者分別介紹自己敬佩的人——地球物理學(xué)家黃大年和長(zhǎng)嶼島兩位堅(jiān)守23年的小學(xué)老師，彰顯他們的奉獻(xiàn)精神并呼吁認(rèn)可其貢獻(xiàn)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Huangwasaremarkablescientist.HehadstudiedandworkedinBritainfor18years,butwhenhefeltthathiscountryneededhim,hegaveuphiswell-paidjobandreturnedtoChina.Overthenextsevenyears,Huangworkedtodevelopmanydevicesneededfordeep-Earthexploration.(黃大年是一位杰出的科學(xué)家。他在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)和工作了18年，但當(dāng)他意識(shí)到祖國(guó)需要他時(shí)，便放棄了高薪工作，毅然回國(guó)。在之后的七年里，黃大年致力于研發(fā)深部地球探測(cè)所需的多種設(shè)備。)”可知，黃大年致力于研發(fā)深部地球探測(cè)所需的多種設(shè)備，助力中國(guó)提升了深部地球探測(cè)技術(shù)。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Overthenextsevenyears,Huangworkedtodevelopmanydevicesneededfordeep-Earthexploration.(在之后的七年里，黃大年致力于研發(fā)深部地球探測(cè)所需的多種設(shè)備。)”以及第四段“Duetothefrantic(瘋狂的)paceofhisresearch,Huangwasabsentfromhisfather’sfuneral,andevenhisowncancerwentundetectedashehadnotimetoseeadoctor.(由于科研工作節(jié)奏緊張，黃大年未能參加父親的葬禮，甚至因無(wú)暇就醫(yī)而未能及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身患癌癥。)”可知，黃大年因忙于深部地球探測(cè)設(shè)備的研發(fā)工作，未能參加父親的葬禮。故選A。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語(yǔ)所在語(yǔ)境“Unfortunately,suchachievementsdidn’tcomecheap.Duetothefrantic(瘋狂的)paceofhisresearch,Huangwasabsentfromhisfather’sfuneral,andevenhisowncancerwentundetectedashehadnotimetoseeadoctor.(遺憾的是，這樣的成就……。由于科研工作節(jié)奏緊張，黃大年未能參加父親的葬禮，甚至因無(wú)暇就醫(yī)而未能及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身患癌癥。)”可知，黃大年的成就伴隨著巨大的付出——錯(cuò)過(guò)父親葬禮、延誤癌癥診治，這些都體現(xiàn)了成就的取得耗費(fèi)了大量精力和犧牲?！癲idn’tcomecheap”字面意為“并非廉價(jià)得來(lái)”，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境指“需要付出巨大努力或代價(jià)”。故選B。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouknowanyonewhodeservestohavetheircontributionsrecognized,wewouldlovetohearfromyou!Letusknowhowthesepeoplehavehelpedtomakeadifferenceinyoureyes.(如果你認(rèn)識(shí)任何值得被認(rèn)可其貢獻(xiàn)的人，歡迎與我們分享！請(qǐng)告訴我們，在你眼中這些人是如何帶來(lái)積極影響的。)”以及下文分別介紹地球物理學(xué)家黃大年（為科研犧牲個(gè)人利益）和長(zhǎng)嶼島兩位堅(jiān)守23年的小學(xué)老師（扎根偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)教書育人）的事跡可知，文章核心是講述那些默默奉獻(xiàn)卻未被廣泛關(guān)注的人及其奉獻(xiàn)精神。故選D。Passage08Imaginegrowingupwithafathersufferingfromschizophrenia,amotherlimitedtoawheelchair,andaseriousheartconditionthatdemandsurgentmedicaltreatment—