DiscoverUsefulStructuresNaturalDisasters

1Unit41.understandthedefinition,formandbasicgrammaticalfunctionsofrestrictiverelativeclauses,andclearlyrecognizetheirroleinmodifyingandrestrictingnounsorpronounsinsentences.2.grasptheusageofrelativepronounsinrestrictiverelativeclauses,includingthecomponentstheycanactasintheclause.3.userestrictiverelativeclausestodescribepeople,thingsoreventsrelatedtonaturaldisasters,makingtheexpressionmorespecificandvivid.定語形容詞名詞介詞短語非謂語動(dòng)詞從句(定語從句）Sheisabeautifulgirl.Amyisawomanteacher.Thegirlinredismysister.

Ihavesomethingtosay.Theboymakingfaceismyson.Japanisadevelopedcountry.Ilikepeoplewhosmilesalot.定語:相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，常譯為“...的”什么可以做定語Whatisattributive？定語從句定義結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句關(guān)系詞修飾限定名詞或代詞的句子先行詞關(guān)系詞被修飾的名詞或代詞eg.Thisisthecarwhich

heboughtlastyear.主句從句Whatisattributiveclause？連接主從句代替先行詞充當(dāng)從句成分whichthatwhowhosewhomaswhenwherewhy定語從句關(guān)系詞賓語主語主語定語賓語Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclausesinthesentencesbelow.Whatfunctiondotherestrictiverelativeclauseshave?TheTangshanearthquakeisaterribleexperiencethatmygrandmacannotforget.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.MrLiisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.從文章中尋找更多的定語從句畫出從句部分找出先行詞和關(guān)系詞Findmoresentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesfromthetext.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.which

的用法1.which

在從句中作主語、賓語或介詞賓語,指物。

Theyplantedthetreeswhich

didn’tneedmuchwater.

Thefishwhich

weboughtwerenotfresh.

Thisisthehousewhich

welivedinlastyear.

→Thisisthehouse________welivedlastyear.主語；指物賓語；指物介詞賓語；指物in

whichwhich作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞既可放在關(guān)系代詞which之前，也可以放在從句中動(dòng)詞之后where2.that在從句中作主語或賓語，指人或物，作賓語時(shí)可省略。

Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.作主語；指物

Thenoodles

(that)Icookedweredelicious.作賓語；指物

Let’saskthemanthatisreadingabookoverthere.作主語；指人

Thegirl

(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.

作賓語；指人that的用法3.who在從句中作主語和賓語,whom

在從句中作賓語；都指人。

TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.主語；指人

TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.

主語；指人

Theperson(whom/who)youjusttalkedtoisMrLi.

賓語；指人

MrReadistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.賓語；指人在定語從句中緊接著介詞的只能用which和whom。指人用whom，指物用whichwho/whom的用法4.whose在從句中作定語,修飾人或物，意為“……的”，可與

ofwhich(whom)the...互換。

MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.ofwhomthe

Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.ofwhomthe

Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.ofwhichthewhose的用法5.as既可以指人也可以指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語。不能省略。

Therescueteambroughtthesameequipmentaswasusedinthe2019earthquakerelief.

Sheissuchavolunteerasdevotesherselftohelpingvictimsineverydisaster.as的用法as引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句時(shí)，常出現(xiàn)在固定結(jié)構(gòu)such...as...或thesame...as...中AttentionWeneedtoprepareforsuchfloodsasoccurredin2020.我們需要為像2020年那樣的洪水做準(zhǔn)備。Thestormcausedsuchdamagethatleftthousandshomeless.這場風(fēng)暴造成了嚴(yán)重的，使得數(shù)千人無家可歸的破壞。同類不同物同類且同物Therescueteamusedthesameequipmentasinthepreviousdisaster.救援隊(duì)使用了與上次災(zāi)難中相同類型的設(shè)備。Thehelicopteristhesamethatsaveduslasttimereturnedtothearea.上次救了我們的那架直升機(jī)又回到了該地區(qū)。同類不同物同類且同物3.總結(jié)與歸納關(guān)系代詞先行詞（人/物）從句中充當(dāng)什么成分？which物主語或賓語that人/物主語或賓語who人主語或賓語whom人賓語whose人/物定語as人/物主語或賓語作賓語時(shí)可以省略只能用that的情況當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞或者被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。當(dāng)先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame,thelast等修飾時(shí)。當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。當(dāng)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Musicistheonlythingthatinterestsme.ThisisthemostshockingnewsthatIhaveeverheard.Shedescribedinhercompositionthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedher.that？which？

的區(qū)別只能用which的情況關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。在非限制性定語從句中。that？which？

的區(qū)別ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivebecameruinsinthebigfire.Thetravellersawmanybuildingsalongtheway,whichwerequitedifferentfromthoseinhishometown.1.Iwanttoknowtheway___________hetoldyouyesterday.2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway____________hesaidit.

先行詞是theway:若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做狀語,用inwhich/that/不填來引導(dǎo)后面的定語從句;若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做主語或賓語,用which/that來引導(dǎo)后面的定語從句。theway做先行詞的特殊用法which/thatinwhich/that①Heisoneofthestudentswho______latethismorning.他是今早所有遲到學(xué)生中的一個(gè)。

Oneofthestudents

______latethismorning.其中有一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到了。(主語)②Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______latethismorning.他是今早唯一一個(gè)遲到的學(xué)生。were

was

was

主謂一致當(dāng)先行詞是“theonlyoneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；

當(dāng)先行詞是“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

①ItwasApril29,2011____PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.

②ItwasonApril29,2011____PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothePalacehalloftheweddingceremony.

A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.beforeBA分清定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Step1Step2Step3識別定從，找到先行詞判斷先行詞代指人還是物判斷從句中缺少什么成分選定恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞Completeeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,