SectionⅣDiscoveringUsefulStructures目錄(語法項目——過去分詞作表語和狀語)課時跟蹤檢測(語法項目——過去分詞作表語和狀語)ObservedonJanuary1lunarmonth①

,ChineseLunarNewYear'sDay,alsocalledtheSpringFestival②，iswellreceivedbyalltheChinesepeopleallovertheworld.AttheSpringFestival,mostpeoplehavebigmealscookedbythemselves③andchatwithfamilymemberswhileothersmaytakeatriptovisittheirfriendsortospendtheirlongholiday.Besides,peoplewillsay“HappyNewYear”toexpressgoodwishesforthecomingnewyear.Itisalsoachildren'sfestival.Theybecomeveryexcited④becausetheycangetluckymoneyinredpaper.[語法入門]①為過去分詞短語作狀語；②③為過去分詞短語作后置定語；④為過去分詞作表語。過去分詞一般表示完成的或被動的動作。過去分詞在句子中不能單獨構(gòu)成謂語，除了可以用作定語(theattribute)、賓語補足語(theobjectcomplement)以外，還可以用作表語(thepredicative)和狀語(theadverbial)。一、過去分詞作表語

1．過去分詞作表語主要表示主語的心理或所處的狀態(tài)。IwasdisappointedatthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.我對昨晚看的電影很失望。我原先期待它會更好看。2．有的過去分詞作表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞，且大部分已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，常見的有：delighted,disappointed,discouraged,amused,astonished,interested,crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprised,

worried,excited,married,puzzled等。Obviously,I'dbedisappointedifwedon'tmakeit,butitwouldn'tbetheendoftheworld.顯然，如果我們不能成功，我會很失望，但那不會是世界末日。3．過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別用作表語的過去分詞，被動意味很弱，主要表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時的過去分詞相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，其后常不跟by短語。被動語態(tài)的過去分詞形式，被動意味很強，句子主語為動作的承受者，后常跟“by＋動作的執(zhí)行者”。MygrandfatherwasdelightedtohearIhavepassedmyexams.(過去分詞作表語)我祖父聽到我通過考試后感到很高興。Thenewtissuesandorgansareusedtocurediseasesbydoctors.(被動語態(tài))新的組織和器官被醫(yī)生用來治療疾病。4．感覺類及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別英語中有很多與感覺有關(guān)的及物動詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，即“令人有某種感覺的”，多用來修飾物；其過去分詞含有被動意義，即“人被引起某種感覺的”，多用來修飾人、人的聲音或表情等。常用的這類詞有：[對點練]

(單句語法填空)①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hebecame_________(interest)inalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwas_________(amaze)thatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.interestedamazed③Helooked__________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.④The_________lookonherfacesuggestedthatshewas______________bythe_______________scene.(frighten)⑤Thenewswas_________andtheywereall________atit.(excite)⑥Weallfelt___________atthe____________news.(encourage)⑦Theaudiencewereall______totearsbythe_______film.(move)puzzled

frightenedfrightened

frighteningexcitingexcitedencouragedencouragingmovedmoving二、過去分詞(短語)作狀語

[先感知]①Completedin1931,

theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.②Absorbedinpainting,

Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝Becausehewasabsorbedinpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝Johnwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.③Usedwithcare,

onetinwilllastforsixweeks.④Defeatedbyhisopponent,

henevergaveupanyhope.＝Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.⑤Sheacceptedthegift,

deeplymoved.＝Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.⑥Muchtimespentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]1．句①加黑部分作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于______________。可在過去分詞前加上連詞when,while,until等，使其時間意義更明確。2．句②加黑部分作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于______________或并列句。時間狀語從句原因狀語從句3．句③加黑部分作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于____________?？杉舆B詞if,unless等轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語從句。4．句④加黑部分作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于_______________。有時可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or等連詞轉(zhuǎn)換成讓步狀語從句。條件狀語從句讓步狀語從句5．句⑤加黑部分作伴隨狀語，相當(dāng)于and連接的并列句。6．句⑥中過去分詞spent的主語并不是主句的主語officeworkers，而是___________，這種情況被稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Much

time[明規(guī)則]1．過去分詞(短語)作狀語，分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即表示被動意義。2．過去分詞(短語)作狀語，可以表示時間、讓步、條件、原因、伴隨、方式或結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。其邏輯主語為句子的主語，且其與主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。3．過去分詞(短語)作條件、原因及時間狀語時，通常放在句首；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語時，通常放在句末；作方式狀語時，一般放在句末，有時也放在句首；作讓步狀語時，一般放在句首，有時也放在句末。4．有些過去分詞(短語)因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不強調(diào)被動而重在描述主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞(短語)常見的有：lost;seated;hidden;lost/absorbedin;dressedin;tiredof。5．過去分詞(短語)作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致，如果不一致，則應(yīng)在分詞前加上自身的主語，這種帶有自身主語的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為過去分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。[名師點津](1)過去分詞(短語)與現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語的區(qū)別：過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即表示被動；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動。①Usedforalongtime,

thebooklooksold.②Usingthebook,

Ifinditveryuseful.(2)無論是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致。如果不一致，則必須用狀語從句、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等其他表達形式。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.()Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.()Ifthethiefiscaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.()×√√[對點練]

(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thatdidn'tgoas________(plan).But,Itriedmybest.②________

(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.planned

Raised③Itissaidthatabout20%of25－34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,

_________(compare)with16%in1991.④__________

(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.⑤___________

(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.compared

Founded

Translated

⑥______

(see)fromthemountain,thecitylooksmuchmorebeautiful.⑦Thepresidentofthecompanycametothefactory,

__________(follow)bysomeworkers.Seen

followed(2)用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語改寫句子⑧Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.→__________________,

alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.The

lecture

given⑨Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,

_____________________________________.⑩Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.→___________________________,

hefeltveryhappy.none

of

them

shippedto

foreign

countriesExtra

money

given

to

the

poorⅠ.單句語法填空1．________

(give)another10days,wearesuretocompleterepairingthemachine.2．_______

(fill)withshame,theboyloweredhishead,readyforthepunishmentfromhisdad.GivenFilled3．Whenfirst_________(introduce)tothemarket,thesenewproductsintheircompanyenjoyedagreatsuccess.4．_________

(locate)inthecentraldistrict,thehoteloffersthebestservicewiththelowestprice.5．__________

(surround)byariver,theparkhadacentralpondwithflowersfloatinginit.introducedLocatedSurrounded6．_____________

(disappoint)atfailinginthemathexam,Johnwouldn'tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.7．Everyonepresentisvery_________(inspire)athisspeech.8．Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot______(lose)frommyfriends.Disappointed

inspired

lostⅡ.完成句子1．_____________________________,

hehasnotimetorelax.由于專心于科學(xué)研究事業(yè)，他沒有時間放松。2．_____________________________,

Iamwritingtoapplyforthechance.旨在成為一名志愿者，我寫信申請這個機會。Absorbed

in

his

science

researchAimed

at

becoming

a

volunteer3．__________________________________,

thedictionaryhasbeenpopularwithreaderseversinceitcameouttwoyearsago.由于被三位語言專家編輯，這本詞典自從兩年前出版以來就一直受讀者歡迎。4．_____________________,

wejumpedandcheeredwithjoy.沐浴在陽光下，我們高興地歡呼雀躍。Edited

by

three

language

expertsBathed

in

the

sunshine5．_____________________________________,

Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.由于得到了一部新電影里的重要角色，安迪有機會出名了。6．Thereisclearevidencethatchildrenwhotakemusiclessonsdevelopabettermemory________________________________________________.有明顯的證據(jù)證明，與那些沒受過音樂訓(xùn)練的孩子相比，上音樂課的孩子有更好的記憶力。Offered

an

important

role

in

a

new

moviecompared

with

those

who

have

no

musical

training7．When_________________,

inwhateverform,wereactbothmentallyandphysically.當(dāng)不管以什么形式暴露在壓力之下時，我們都會從精神和身體上作出反應(yīng)。8．__________,

suchachancemightnevercomeagain.一旦失去，這樣的機會可能永遠(yuǎn)不會再來了。exposed

to

stressOnce

lost課時跟蹤檢測Ⅰ.閱讀理解Whydopeoplelistentomusic?Theanswermayseemsimple:Musicispleasanttomakeandtohear.Butmusictouchesourlivesinmanyotherways,too.MusicchangesourmoodMybrotherdoesn'tchoosemusicbasedonwhathewantstohear.Instead,hedecideswhathewantstofeelandpicksmusicwiththatmoodinmind.Upbeat,bright-soundingmusicgenerallymakespeoplefeelhappy.Butsomepeopleenjoylisteningtosadmusic,too.Itcanbeliketalkingwithafriendwhounderstandsyoursuffering.Butforsomepeople,sadmusiccanmakethemfeelevensadder.MusichelpsusgetthingsdoneDoyoueverlistentomusicwhileyouwork?Ido,andIfindthatitsometimeshelpsmeconcentrate.Accordingtooneexpert,musiccanhelpyoupayattentionduringboringorrepeatedtasks.Butwhenyouaredoingtasksthatrequiremorethought,musiccandisturbyou,makingthemharder.Mymom,apreschoolteacher,usesmusictomanageherclassroom.Whenshewantstocallachild,insteadofyellingthechild'sname,shesingsit.Thiscreatesamorepositiveenvironment,whilestillgettingthechild'sattention.MusicbringspeopletogetherMusiccanalsobringpeopleclosertoeachother.Thisisespeciallytrueofmusicplayedlive.Livemusicoftenfeaturesagroupofpeopleplayingdifferentinstrumentswhichmakesitasharedexperience.Listenerscanshareintheemotionsthesongexpresses.Theyalsocreatememoriestogether.Andspeakingofmemories,lotsofpeopleconnectmusicwithspecificplaces,peopleorevents.Whenevertheyhearacertainsong,theyaretransportedbacktosomepointinthepast.Thusmusiccanconnectpeoplenotonlytopeoplewhoarepresentbutalsotopeoplefromtheirpast.Musicisfarmorethanjustentertainment;itisapowerfulforcethataffectsusinmanyways.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了人們聽音樂的原因，以及音樂在許多方面影響著我們的生活。√1．Whydosomepeopleenjoysadmusic?A．Itcangettheirattention.B．Itmakesthemfeelhappy.C．Itcanbeliketalkingwithafriend.D．Itmakesthemfeelsadder.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Musicchangesourmood部分中的“Itcanbeliketalkingwithafriendwhounderstandsyoursuffering.”可知，有些人喜歡悲傷的音樂，是因為這就像和朋友聊天一樣?！?．Listeningtomusicdisturbsyouwhen.A．youaredoingrepeatedtasksB．thetasksareboringC．youaredoingeasytasksD．thetasksrequiremorethought解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Musichelpsusgetthingsdone部分中的“Butwhenyouaredoingtasksthatrequiremorethought,musiccandisturbyou,makingthemharder.”可知，當(dāng)工作需要更多的思考時，聽音樂會打擾你。√3．What'stheauthor'sattitudetomusic?A．Positive.

B．Doubtful.C．Uncertain. D．Negative.解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，音樂不僅僅是娛樂；它是一種強大的力量，在許多方面影響著我們。由此可推知，作者對音樂的態(tài)度是積極的。Ⅱ.完形填空It'sbeensaidthepowerisinyourhandstobecomeanythingyouwanttobecome.ForDewittresidentJeromeSchafer,that's4！Schaferisabuilderbytrade,buthisother5islettinghishandsdanceacrossapianokeyboard.Forthelastsixyears,Schaferhasbeen6theresidentsofClintonCounty'sGunnisonvilleMeadowsAssistedLivingCenterto7someofthe“classics”，ashecallsthem.“I'mplayingalotofsongs.I8manyyearstothe30s,40sandlikethat，”hesaid.JoeSmithisa9listener.“HeplayshereeveryWednesday.Iwouldn'tmissit，”Smithsaid.“He10about10：30inthemorningandplaysuntil11：30.”AnitaIoccosayslisteningtoSchaferplayisthe11ofherweek.“Iwouldn'tmissit.Ialways12ofbeinghere，”shesaid.Schaferhasbeenplayingmusicsincehewas14yearsold,and80yearslater,heisstillplaying.Hesayshehasn'thadanyformal13

lessonsanddoesn'treadmusic.Hisgranddaughter,NicoleYabs,driveshimtoandfromthe14

concert.YabssaysWednesdayswithher15areherfavoritepartoftheweek.“Idon'tthinkalotofpeople16thetimethattheyspendwiththeirgrandparents,butIknowthatI17valuethat，”shesaid.Schafersayshe'llkeepplayingaslongashecan.“I18seeingthepeopleenjoyingit,sothat'senoughforme，”hesaid.語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了德威特建筑工人杰羅姆·謝弗把一生的時間都花在了演奏他喜歡的古典音樂上，這體現(xiàn)了人有能力掌控自己的命運，成為任何想成為的人。4．A.true B．fantasticC．initial D．ideal√解析：根據(jù)下文“Schaferisabuilderbytrade,buthisother

islettinghishandsdanceacrossapianokeyboard.”可知，謝弗的故事印證了文章的第一句話：人有能力掌控自己的命運，成為想成為的人。5．A.career B．qualityC．talent D．budget解析：根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ettinghishandsdanceacrossapianokeyboard”可知，對建筑工人謝弗來說，彈奏鋼琴是他的另一項才能?！?．A.treating B．visitingC．leading D．following解析：根據(jù)下文“theresidentsofClintonCounty'sGunnisonvilleMeadowsAssistedLivingCenter”可知，謝弗應(yīng)該是一直在拜訪那里的居民們?！?．A.teach B．learnC．read D．play解析：根據(jù)下文“I'mplayingalotofsongs.”可知，他是在演奏音樂。play為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。√8．A.goback B．putonC．takeoff D．lookforward解析：根據(jù)下文“tothe30s,40s”可知，此處指回到三四十年代?！?．A.choosy B．sympatheticC．professional D．regular解析：根據(jù)下文“‘HeplayshereeveryWednesday.Iwouldn'tmissit，’Smithsaid.”可知，史密斯每周三都去聽演奏，所以他是一位固定的聽眾。√10．A.sings B．comesC．waits D．rests解析：根據(jù)下文“about10：30inthemorningandplaysuntil11：30”可知，這里指謝弗上午10：30左右過來，然后一直演奏到11：30。√11．A.application B．preparationC．highlight D．responsibility解析：根據(jù)下文“‘Iwouldn'tmissit.Ialways

ofbeinghere，’shesaid.”可知，安妮塔·伊奧科非常喜歡聽謝弗的演奏，所以聽演奏的那個時間段是最令她激動的時候?！?2．A.losecontrol B．takeanoteC．keeptrack D．makeapoint解析：根據(jù)上文“Iwouldn'tmissit.”可知，只要謝弗演奏，安妮塔·伊奧科就會特意去聽。makeapoint“特意；故意”?！?3．A.piano B．tennisC．cooking D．trade解析：根據(jù)上文“buthisother

islettinghishandsdanceacrossapianokeyboard”可知，謝弗沒有上過正式的鋼琴課。√14．A.classical B．eveningC．weekly D．closing解析：根據(jù)上文“HeplayshereeveryWednesday.”可知，謝弗的鋼琴彈奏是每周一次?！?5．A.mother B．grandmotherC．father D．grandfather解析：根據(jù)上文“Hisgranddaughter”可知，謝弗是妮可·亞布斯的祖父。√16．A.appreciate B．wasteC．keep D．need解析：根據(jù)下文“thetimethattheyspendwiththeirgrandparents”可知，這里指很多人不懂得珍惜和祖父母在一起的時間?！?7．A.properly B．definitelyC．easily D．secretly解析：根據(jù)上文“but”和下文“value”可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，其他很多人不懂得珍惜和祖父母在一起的時間，而妮可卻很重視。√18．A.avoid B．a(chǎn)dmitC．enjoy D．remember解析：根據(jù)下文“seeingthepeopleenjoyingit,sothat'senoughforme”可知，當(dāng)謝弗看到有人喜歡他的演奏時，他是很享受的。√Ⅲ.語法填空PekingOperaisaformofChineseoperas1(combine)music,vocalperfor