第十五章腫瘤科答案DialogueInterpretingOncologist:你好，馮女士。您兩年前來過這里，是在2023年，對嗎？Mrs.Feng:Yes,IwenttoWestmeadHospitalbefore.Theytoldmetocometoseeyou.Mymedicalrecordsshouldbeherewithyou,right?Oncologist:很遺憾，當(dāng)時(shí)預(yù)約時(shí)，醫(yī)院的秘書告訴我們這邊的秘書您是首次就診，所以醫(yī)院沒有把您的病歷檔案寄過來。因?yàn)槲椰F(xiàn)在沒有您的檔案，所以需要問您一些問題。Mrs.Feng:Pleasegoahead.Oncologist:您當(dāng)時(shí)在醫(yī)院住了多久？外科醫(yī)生那次切除了幾個(gè)腫塊？Mrs.Feng:Iwashospitalizedfortwoweeks.Irememberhavingtwosurgeries,andIthinkthreelumpswereremoved.Oncologist:您什么時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)這最后一個(gè)腫塊的？Mrs.Feng:It’sbeenalmostamonth.Atfirst,Ijustfeltuncomfortablehere.Laterthepaingotworse,soIwenttoseemyfamilydoctor.HesuggestedthatIconsultaspecialist.Oncologist:請您把上衣和胸罩脫掉，我需要檢查一下。好的，這又是一個(gè)良性的脂肪瘤。您可以穿上衣服了。這種情況很常見，脂肪容易積聚形成結(jié)節(jié)，每兩三年可能會(huì)重新出現(xiàn)。它們不是癌癥，所以您不必?fù)?dān)心。您只需要做一個(gè)簡單的手術(shù)，只需在醫(yī)院住一天。Mrs.Feng:Anotheroperation?I’vehadtoomanysurgeriesalready;Ireallycan’tstanditanymore.It’sverypainful—especiallythelastone.Oncologist:上次真的很疼嗎？我之前不知道。我們會(huì)確保這次不會(huì)發(fā)生那種情況。Mrs.Feng:Thelasttimetherewerequiteafewincisions.Oncologist:是的，那是因?yàn)橐郧安捎玫氖中g(shù)方式。您那次只有兩個(gè)小切口，對吧？Mrs.Feng:Yes.Oncologist:現(xiàn)在，請問您對什么東西過敏嗎？Mrs.Feng:I’mallergictosomedrugs,especiallyaspirin.IfIdon’twanttohavesurgerynowandcomebacklater,willthelumpgetbiggerandbehardertoremove?Oncologist:會(huì)的，因?yàn)槟[塊會(huì)繼續(xù)增長，而且會(huì)越來越疼。腫塊越大，切除的難度也越大。而且醫(yī)院安排手術(shù)需要一段時(shí)間，大約兩到三個(gè)月，到那時(shí)腫塊也會(huì)繼續(xù)長大。我的秘書會(huì)聯(lián)系醫(yī)院安排一切，之后醫(yī)院會(huì)寄給您一封信，里面有所有的具體信息。Consecutive/SimultaneousInterpretingPassageOne肺癌：早期篩查能挽救生命女士們、先生們，今天我想談?wù)撘环N影響全球數(shù)百萬人的疾病——肺癌。它是一種“沉默的殺手”，常常在沒有明顯癥狀的情況下悄然發(fā)展，等被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)往往為時(shí)已晚。肺癌是發(fā)生在肺部組織中的惡性腫瘤，最常見的是發(fā)生在呼吸道內(nèi)壁細(xì)胞中。它具有失控的增長特性，主要的危險(xiǎn)因素包括接觸有害物質(zhì)，例如煙草煙霧、氡氣、輻射以及石棉等。肺癌在全球癌癥致死率中占首位，但它卻是許多人回避談?wù)摰脑掝}。事實(shí)上，早期發(fā)現(xiàn)至關(guān)重要。肺癌的癥狀往往隱匿不顯，容易被誤認(rèn)為是一些較輕的疾病，如長期咳嗽或支氣管炎。許多人甚至直到病情已經(jīng)進(jìn)入晚期，都沒有意識(shí)到自己的身體出了問題。常見的肺癌癥狀包括：持續(xù)咳嗽且不斷加重、胸痛、呼吸困難、咯血或原因不明的體重下降。有時(shí)還可能出現(xiàn)頸部或面部腫脹、聲音嘶啞以及反復(fù)的呼吸道感染。如果癌癥擴(kuò)散到身體其他部位，還可能引起骨痛、肢體乏力等神經(jīng)癥狀，甚至出現(xiàn)黃疸。必須注意的是，這些癥狀并不一定意味著患有肺癌。它們也可能與其他健康問題有關(guān)，但關(guān)鍵是——絕不能忽視。如果出現(xiàn)這些癥狀，請立即就醫(yī)。早期發(fā)現(xiàn)和及時(shí)治療往往能夠決定治療的成敗。我們還要認(rèn)識(shí)到，肺癌不分人群。它既可以影響吸煙者，也能影響非吸煙者。雖然吸煙仍然是肺癌的主要原因，但那些從未吸煙的人也可能因?yàn)檫z傳因素或接觸二手煙、氡氣、空氣污染以及其他環(huán)境性或職業(yè)性致癌物而患病。最后，我想呼吁大家：保持警覺，重視自身健康；如果有任何擔(dān)憂，請盡快咨詢專業(yè)的醫(yī)療人員。讓我們攜手提高對肺癌的認(rèn)識(shí)，倡導(dǎo)早期篩查，并共同努力——挽救更多生命。謝謝。PassageTwoLiverCancer:Prevention,EarlyDetection,andTreatmentLivercancerisoneofthemostcommonmalignanttumorsworldwideandposesaseriousthreattohumanlife.InChina,theincidenceandmortalityratesoflivercancerremainhigh.Thediseaseiscloselyassociatedwithchronicliverconditionsandhepatitisvirusinfections,imposingaheavyburdenoncountlessfamilies.First,let’sdiscussthepreventionoflivercancer.Livercancerdoesnotoccurovernight—itisusuallytheresultoflong-termliverdisease.OneofthemostcommoncausesischronicinfectionwithhepatitisBorhepatitisCviruses.IfhepatitisBinfectionisleftuntreated,theinflammationofthelivermaydevelopintocirrhosis,whichgreatlyincreasestheriskoflivercancer.Therefore,thefirststepinpreventinglivercanceriscontrollingthespreadofhepatitisviruses.Fortunately,hepatitisBcanbepreventedthroughvaccination,andhepatitisCcanbecuredthroughantiviraltherapy,significantlyreducingtheriskofprogressiontolivercancer.Inadditiontocontrollinghepatitistransmission,maintainingahealthylifestyleisanothercriticalpartofprevention.Excessivealcoholconsumption,obesity,diabetes,andunhealthyeatinghabitsallincreasetheriskoflivercancer.Inparticular,long-termalcoholabusecanleadtoalcoholicfattyliverandalcoholichepatitis,ultimatelyprogressingtocirrhosisand,inseverecases,livercancer.Thus,adoptinghealthyeatinghabits,avoidingexcessivedrinking,andkeepingahealthybodyweightareessentialpracticesforeveryone.Next,let’stalkaboutearlydetectionandtreatment.Thesymptomsoflivercancerareoftensubtle.Manypatientsdonotexperienceanydiscomfortintheearlystagesandarediagnosedonlyaftersevereliverdamageoccurs.Thatiswhyregularscreeningiskeytoearlydiagnosisandtreatment.Forhigh-riskindividuals—suchasthosewithhepatitis,cirrhosis,orafamilyhistoryoflivercancer—regularliverfunctiontests,abdominalultrasound,andserumalpha-fetoprotein(AFP)testingarestronglyrecommended.Earlyscreeningallowsdoctorstodetectliverabnormalitiesintime,andearlytreatmentgreatlyimprovessurvivalrates.Treatmentoptionsforlivercancerhaveadvancedsignificantly.Inadditiontotraditionalsurgicalresection,interventionaltherapy,radiotherapy,andchemotherapy,newapproachessuchastargetedtherapyandimmunotherapyhavebecomeimportantstandardcomponentsofclinicaltreatmentinrecentyears.Throughpersonalizedtreatmentplans,manypatientswithlivercancerarenowachievingimprovedqualityoflifeandbettertreatmentoutcomes.Finally,Iwouldliketoremindeveryonethatlivercancerpreventionandcontrolrelynotonlyonmedicaltechnologybutalsoonpublicawarenessandhealthylivinghabits.Eachpersoncanreducetheirriskoflivercancerbygettingvaccinated,undergoingregularcheck-ups,maintainingahealthydiet,andavoidingha