SubjectClauses

主語(yǔ)從句

定義：用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句,它是名詞性從句之一.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidintotheoceansandseas.表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)1)連接代詞what

(whatever),

who(whoever)

,which(whichever),whom,whose.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whateverhedidisright.Whatthecitywillbestillremainsamystery.連接代詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.從屬連詞：that，whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，that本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，但不能省略.whether意為“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。

Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.

Thathewillcomeiscertain.

Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.

Whether

he’ll

come

here

isn’t

clear.

Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.3)連接副詞when，where，how，why等,在從句中做狀語(yǔ)?？偨Y(jié)：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：從屬連詞:that,whether；連接代詞:who(whoever),whom,whose,what(whatever)和which(whichever)；連接副詞:when,where,how和why。Makesentences:It’scertain.we’llbelate.Ishecomingornot？Wedon’tknowWhatdoeshewanttotellus?Wedon’tknowWhenwillyoucomeback?Itdoesn’tmatter.It’scertainthatwewillbelate.Thatwe’llbelateiscertain.Wedon’tknowwhetherheiscomingornot.Whetherheiscomingisnotknown.Wedon’tknowwhathewantstotellus.Whathewantstotellusisnotknown.Whenyouwillcomebackdoesn’tmatter.Itdoesn’tmatterwhenyouwillcomeback.主語(yǔ)從句后置!為了避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng),句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ).例:

Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.A.

It+be+形容詞+that從句(obvious,

true,

surprising,

good,

wonderful,

funny,

possible,

likely,

certain,

probable,

etc.)

如：

It

is

certain

that

she

will

do

well

in

her

exam.

B.

It+be+名詞詞組+that從句

(an

honour,

a

fact,

a

pity,

etc）如：

It’s

a

pity

that

we

can’t

go.

2.用it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)C.

It+be+過(guò)去分詞

+that從句

(said,

reported,

thought,

expected,

decided,

announced,

etc。）如：

It

is

said

that

Mr.

Green

has

arrived

in

Beijing.

D.

It+不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)+that從句(seem，happen,doesn’t

matter,turnout）

。如：

It

happened

that

I

was

out

that

day.

It

doesn’t

matter

whether

she

will

come

or

not.

1）主語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)，必須由連接詞引導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞。誤：Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.2)如果主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，不能用if引導(dǎo)，但是如果用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí)，也可以用if引導(dǎo).誤：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.注意正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.

Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.正：WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3）主語(yǔ)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)序4）主謂一致主句謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式。1.“what”和“who”引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞一致。Howhesucceededisstillapuzzle.2.如果and連接兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgo____notbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheld____notbeendecided.havehas5).用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat...句型中,主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,should有時(shí)可以省略。6).在It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required中,that從句的謂語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,should有時(shí)可以省略。1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisn’tdecided.2.Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.4.Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.5.Ifthepolicemenwillcomeisnotcertain.weshallThatyouhaveItisWhoeverwhether改錯(cuò)練習(xí)6.Itissaythathewasafamouswriter.7.Itisseemedthatitisgoingtorainsoon.8.Thatisfactthatshewonthefirstplace.9.Wholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.10.Itisimportantthatastudentlearnsaforeignlanguage.saidseemsItisafactWhoevershouldlearn___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How