Oracle安裝

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔

福州眾聯(lián)信息科技有限公司

二。一六年10月

書目

loORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)安裝前期打算工作....................................1

lo1安裝LINUX。............................................................................................................1

1.2設(shè)置主機(jī)域名解析................................................1

1.3配置LINUX系統(tǒng)下ORACLE的安裝環(huán)境..............................1

Io4驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)要求...................................................3

lo5安裝ORACLE軟件及數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù).......................................6

2.ORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)安裝.................................................7

3.監(jiān)聽器配置.........................................................13

4。數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)搭建........................................................17

1.Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)安裝前期打算工作

1.1安裝Linuxo

?內(nèi)存：最小1GB,舉薦2GB或以上。

?交換空間：內(nèi)存大小是12GB時(shí)，交換空間是內(nèi)存的1.5倍，內(nèi)存大小

2—16GB時(shí)，交換空間等于內(nèi)存大小，內(nèi)存大小16G以上時(shí)，交換空間為

16GBo

?須要選擇以下組件:GNOME桌面、編輯器、開發(fā)工具、開發(fā)庫(kù)等，詳細(xì)

參照Linux標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔。

?運(yùn)用安裝光盤安裝RedHatEnterpriseLinux6.3x86_64o

1.2設(shè)置主機(jī)域名解析

安裝Linux后需運(yùn)用靜態(tài)IP地址，并在/etc/hosts文件中設(shè)置主機(jī)域名解析（ip

地址主機(jī)名稱）.

#vi/etc/hosts

192o168o1o66hostname

1.3配置Linux系統(tǒng)下oracle的安裝環(huán)境

io檢查和更新所需軟件包。

#rpm-qabinutilscompat—libstdc++-33elfutils—libclfclfutils—libclf—devcl

gccgcc-c++glibcglibc-commonglibc-devel

#rpm-qaglibc—headerskshlibaiolibaio_dcvcliibgeelibsldc+十

libstdc++—develmakenumactl-develsysstat

假如系統(tǒng)有軟件包沒(méi)有安裝，可以在RHEL604的光盤Package書目中找到，

安裝這些包.

Oracle官方文檔中確定要安裝的包如下:

compat-libstdc++—33-3.2。3

compat—libstdc++—33-3。2。3(32bit)

elfutils—Iibelf-O0125

elfutils-libelf—devel-0.125

gccc++4.1o2

glibc—2o5-24

glibc-2.5—24(32bit)

glibc-common-2.5

glibc―devel-2.5

glibc―devel-205(32bit)

glibc-headers-2o5

ksh-20060214

libaio—Oo3.106

libaio-0.3o106(32bit)

libaio-devel―0.3。106

libaio-devel—0.3.106(32bit)

libgcc-4.1o2(32hit)

libstdc++―4o1o2

libstdc++―4olo2(32bit)

libstdc4-+-devel4.1。2

makc-3081

numactl―devel一0.9。8.x86_64

sysstat-7o0。2

注：(1)安裝時(shí)，因?yàn)橐揽堪嗷ヒ揽?，須要及依靠包同時(shí)安裝:

(2)RHEL7中缺少包c(diǎn)ompat—libstdc++—33,可以在RHEL6中找至上

(3)在Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)軟件安裝時(shí)，ksh實(shí)際是用的pdksh,但ksh也是可以運(yùn)

用的，只是安裝時(shí)會(huì)有警告,pdksh是一個(gè)早期的軟件包，可以在以下網(wǎng)站找到.

1.4驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)要求

1.查看內(nèi)存大小

#grepMemTolal/proc/meminfb

查看交換空間

#grepS/proc/meminfo

2.查看磁盤空間，Oracle11gR2x64企業(yè)版的磁盤空間要求4.35GB以上.

#df—h

3.創(chuàng)建Oracle組和用戶帳戶（在系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有創(chuàng)建oracle用戶的前提下）

#groupaddoinstall

#groupadddba

#useradd-goinstall-Gdbaoracle

#passwdoracle

4.配置內(nèi)核參數(shù)

以root身份登錄系統(tǒng)，依據(jù)用戶指南配置以下參數(shù)：

修改文件/etc/sysctl.conf,添加以下內(nèi)容：

#vi/etc/sysctLconf

#fororacle

fs.aio-max—nr=1048576

fs.=6815744

kernel。shmall=2097152

官方文檔kerneloshmmax=536870912,實(shí)際軟件中須要kernel.shmmax=物

理內(nèi)存的一半（單位B）。

kernel□shmmax=980742144

kernel.shmmni=4096

kernel.sem=25032000100128

netoipv4oip_local_port_range=900065500

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.coreowmem_max-1048586

執(zhí)行以下吩咐時(shí)參數(shù)生效：

#modprobebridge

#IsmodIgrepbridge

#sysctl一p

#/sbin/sysctl一p

注：內(nèi)核參數(shù)設(shè)置可以在安裝Oracle時(shí)產(chǎn)生的腳本修復(fù)。

修改文件/etc/security/limits。conf,添加以下內(nèi)容：

#vim/etc/security/limits.conf

#Fororacle

oraclesoftnproc2047

oraclehardnproc16384

oraclesoftnofile1024

oraclehardnofile65536

oraclesoftstack10240

5.修改/etc/pam.d/login,添加以下內(nèi)容；

#vi/etc/pam.d/login

sessionrequiredpani_limits.so

6.創(chuàng)建OracleBase書目：

#mkdir一p/u01/app/

#chown-Roracle:oinstall/u01/app/

#chmod—R775/u()l/app/

7.編輯Oracle用戶環(huán)境，編輯.bash_profile文件(紅色標(biāo)注為可要可不要)

#su-oracle

$cd/home/oracle/

$viobash_profile

編輯。bash_profile文件，添加以下內(nèi)容

#ForOracle

exportDISPLAY=；0。0

exportTMP=/tmp;

exportTMPDIR=$TMP；

exportLANG=en

exportNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICAoZHS16GBK

exportORACLE_BASE=/uOl/app/oracle;

exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/l1.2.0/db_l；

exportORACLE_SID=sales；

exportORACLE_TERM=xtcnn；

exportPATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH；

exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;

exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/Iib：/lib：/usr/Iib;

exportCLASSPATH;$ORACLE_HOME/JRE：$ORACLE_HOME/jlib：

$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib；

if!$USER="oracle”|；then

if[$SHELL='Tbin/ksh”]；then

ulimit—p16384

ulimit-n65536

else

ulimit-u16384—n65536

fi

H

8。修改/etc/profile

vi/etc/profile

if[$USER=''oracle'*];then

if[$SHELL=n/bin/kshn];then

ulimit—p16384ulimit—n65536

else

ulimit-u16384—n65536

fi

umask022

fi

1.5安裝oracle軟件及數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

1.安裝Oracle軟件（llo2.0.4版本）

上傳Oracle的安裝文件p13390677_l12040_Linux-x86-64_loP0zip及

pl3390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2onozip并解壓縮。

以oracle用戶身份登錄系統(tǒng)安裝Oracle,為避開出現(xiàn)中文亂碼，裝裝前可以

執(zhí)行exportLANG=n",顯示英文。

#mkdir-p/home/oracle/

#unzip-d/home/oracle/linuxox64_llgR2_database_lof2.zip

#unzip-d/home/oraclc/linuxox64_llgR2_database_2of2ozip

#chown—Roracle.oinstall/home/oracle/database

#exportDISPLAY=：0.0

#su-oracle

$exportLANG=""

alterproLIMITFAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTSUNLIMITED;

alterproLIMITPASSWORD_LIFE_TIMEUNLIMITED;

alterproLIMITPASSWORD_LOCK_TIMEUNLIMITED;

alterproLIMITPASSWORD_GRACE_TIMEUNLIMITED；

$cd/home/oracle/database

$o/iuninstaller

2.Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)安裝

1.在oracle用戶下進(jìn)入解壓后書目database,執(zhí)行./uninstaller.

#su-oracle

$cd/homc/oraclo/databaso/

2.選擇只安裝oracle軟件，點(diǎn)擊Next。

"OracleDatabase11gRelease2Installer-Installingdatabase-Step2of9

SelectInstallationOptionORAULE

DATABASE

Selectanyofthefollowinginstalloptions.

IConfiaureSecuriiyUpdat”

TInstallationOption[Createandconfigureadatabase

TCridOption，Q-Installdatabasesoftv^reonly

十

CUpgradeanexistingdatabase

不Typica

T丫Prereq

Y

)

Help[<艮ack]Next>]lQncelj

3.此處選擇安裝單機(jī)版本，點(diǎn)擊Next。

SelectthetypeofdatabaseInstallationyouwanttoperform.

InstallationOptionGjingleinstancedatabaseinstallation

GridOptiomCRealApplicationClustersdatabaseinstallation

InstallTYDU

1

YPrerequisiteChecks

YSummary

YInstallProduct

[<fiack|Next>[『3]

4.添加中文支持后，點(diǎn)擊Next.

OracleDatabase11gRelease2Installer-Installingdatabase-Step4of11

SelectProductLanguagesCDRAULE[1g

DATABASE

SelectthelanguagesinMichyourproduct\M1Irun.

AvailableLanguages:SelectedLanguages:

▲[En圳sh

Japanese

CridOptions

ProductLanguagesLatinAmericanSpanish

Latvian

Dd3baseEdition

LMhuanlan

Malay

MexicanSpanish

Norwegian2

Polish

份

Portuguese

Romanian

Russian

Slovak

Slovenian

Spanish

Swedish

Tiai

TraditionalChinese

Turkish

Ukrainian

Vetnamese

Helpcancel

5.選擇企業(yè)版安裝，點(diǎn)擊Next。

一OracleDatabase11gRelease2Installer-Installingdatabase-Step5of11

SelectDatabaseEditionORACLe

DATABASE

Whichdatabaseeditiondoyouwanttoinstall?

T15EnterpriseEdition(429CB)

TOracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionisaser-managingdatabasethathasthescalability,

Tperformance,highavailability,andsecurityfeaturesrequiredtorunthemostdemanding,

ProduceSnauaaesmission-crrticalapplications.

個(gè)DatabaseEditioncStandardEdlilon(422CB)

YInsnll&ionLocationOracleDatabase11gStandardEditionisideallorworkgroups,depanments,andsmallto

medium-sizedbusinesseslookingforlower-costsolutions.

ostandardEditionfine(4.ZZCB)

OracleDatabase11gStandardEditionOne1$Idealforworkgroups,depanments,andsmallto

medium-sizedbusinesseslookingforlower-costsolutions.

SelectOptions.

<旦ack||Next>Cancel

6.點(diǎn)擊Next.

7.oralventorygroupName選擇dba.

POracleDatabase11gRelease2InsUller-Installingdatabase-Step7of11

CreateInventoryORACU

DATABAS

Ycuarestartingyourfirstinstallationonthishost.Specifyadirectoryforinstallationfiles.Thisdirectory

iscaneame-inventoryairectory*.ineinstallerauiomaucaiiysetsupsuoaireaoriesforeacnproaucuo

ln$1311911(]containinventorydataThesubdirectoryforeachproducttypicallyrequires150kilobytesofdiskspace.

YOot*orInventoryDirectory:|/u01/app/oralnven〔ory

^

SpecifyanoperatingsystemgroupMosemembershavewitepermissiontotheinventorydirectory

IInsiallationLocation(o*alnventory).

T1

TQeatcInventoryoralnventoryCroupName^6八▼

YPrereauiscteChecks

InstilPr

Help<￡ack||典ex[>]￡lnishCancel

8.AdministratorGroup及OperatorGroup都選擇dba。

9.完成包安裝后，點(diǎn)擊Next。

10.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)安裝至94%左右，須要在root用戶下執(zhí)行如下圖倆條指令。

#/uOl/app/oralnventory/orainstRootosh

#/uO1/app/orac1e/product/11.20O/dbl/rootosh

~OracleDatabase11gRelease2Installer-Installingdatabase-Step11of12

InstallProduct

DATABASE

Y“ogress

^Configure

II94X

^GridOptionsSettingup'OracleDatabase11g11.2.0.1.0

T

Y

M-ExecuteConfigurationscripts

I

Y

Y

Y

Y

X

T

^InstallProduct

H-IPCancel

完成后點(diǎn)擊OK,在此完成了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的安裝.

3.監(jiān)聽器配置

1.選擇Listenerconfiguration,點(diǎn)擊Next。輸入“./netca

#suoracle

$./netca

OracleNetConfigurationAssistant:Welcome

WelcometotheOracleNetConfiguration

Assistant.

Thistoolwilltakeyouthroughthecommon

configurationsteps,listedbelow.

Choosetheconfigurationyouwouldliketodo:

本Listenerconfiguration

「NamingMethodsconfiguration

「LocalNetServiceNameconfiguration

「Director/UsageConfiguration

CancelHelpBackNext"pJ

2.默認(rèn)選擇Add,點(diǎn)擊Nexto

3.輸入Listenername,點(diǎn)擊Next.

4.默認(rèn)選擇，點(diǎn)擊Next。

5.選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)端口，點(diǎn)擊Next.

6.選擇No,點(diǎn)擊Next。

7.點(diǎn)擊Finish,完成監(jiān)聽器配置。

OracleNetConfigurationAssistant:Welcome

WelcometotheOracleNetConfiguration

Assistant.

Thistoolwilltakeyouthroughthecommon

configurationsteps,listedbelow.

Choosetheconfigurationyouwouldliketodo:

*Listenerconfiguration

rNamingMethodsconfiguration

「LocalNetServiceNameconfiguration

「DirectoryUsageConfiguration

CancelHelpBackNextjFinish

4.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)搭建

1.在。racle用戶下輸入dbca,出現(xiàn)如下圖所示界面。

#su-oracle

$cd/

$o/dbca

Database

ConfigurationAssistant

ORACLG,

Initializing...

Copyright(c)1998,2009,Oracle.Mrightsreserved.

2.點(diǎn)擊Next.

DatabaseConfigurationAssistant:Welcome

WelcometoDatabaseConfigurationAssistantforOracledatabase.

TheDatabaseConfigurationAssistantenablesyoutocreateadatabase,configuredatabase

optionsinanexistingdatabase,deleteadatabase,andmanagedatabasetemplates.

Cancel)HelpBack

3.選擇創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，點(diǎn)擊Nexi。

4.選擇CustomDatabase,點(diǎn)擊Nexto

E裔DatabaseConfigurationAssistant,Step2of12：DatabaseTemplates

Templatesthatincludedatafilescontainpre-createddatabases.Theyallowyoutocreatea

newdatabaseInminutes,asopposedtoanhourormore.Usetemplateswithoutdatafilas

onl/whennecessarysuchaswhenyouneedtochangeattributeslikeblocksize,which

cannotbealteredafterdatabasecreation

ShowDetails...

CanceliHelpIBackNext

5.輸入GlobalDatabaseName(格式為業(yè)務(wù)名+DB),點(diǎn)擊Next。

I二微DatabaseConfigurationAssistant,Step3of12：DatabaseIdentification

AnOracledatabaseIsumquetyidentifiedbyaGlobalDatabaseName,typicallyoftheform

"namedomain"

P/ECOMDB

AdatabaseisreferencedbyatleastoneOracleinstancewhichisuniquelyidentifiedfron

anyotherinstanceonthiscomputerbyanOracleSystemidentifier(SID).

SID:|EVECOMDB

Cancel\HelpBackNext

6.不勾選，點(diǎn)擊Next。

｛二嗡DatabaseConfigurationAssistan:,Step4of12:ManagementOptions

EnterpriseManager而6|^^3而9曲運(yùn)荷連斤西鼻6

OracleDatabase11gprovidestheabilitytoautomaticallymanagemaintenancetasks

suchasoptimizerstatisticscollectionandp-oactlveadvisorrepons.Thesetasksarerun

inapredefinedmaintenancewindowandtheirCPUconsumptionisthronledtoprevent

tiemfrominterferingwithnormaluserwork.Thedefaultmaintenancewindowsare10:

C*0PM-2:00AMonweekdays,andallweekendlong.Thesedefaultscanbechanged

usingEnterpriseManageratanytime.

一Biabledulurrialiurriairilefiarit.?laiki

CancelHelp\BackNext?)

7.選擇usetheSameAdministrativepassword,設(shè)置密碼后點(diǎn)擊Next(密碼長(zhǎng)

度至少8位有英文字母大小寫，數(shù)字以及特別符號(hào)）。

LigDatabaseConfigurationAssistant,Step5of12:DatabaseCredentials

8.選擇useCommonLocationforAllDatabaseFiles,點(diǎn)擊Nexto

9.不勾選，點(diǎn)擊Next（有設(shè)置歸檔的須要勾選并選擇歸檔文件夾）.

(jgDatabaseConfigurationAssistant,Step7of12:RecoveryConfiguration

Choosetherecoveryoptionsforthedatabase

rSpecifyFlashRecox?ryArea

Thisisusedasthedefaultforalldiskbasedbackupandrecoveryoperations,andis

alsorequiredforautomaticdiskbasedbackupusingEnterpriseManagerOracle

recommendsthatthedatabasefilesandncoveryfilesbelocatedonphy