薔薇科的化學成分探究目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u13138薔薇科的化學成分探究 1271851.1前言 1148491.2化學成分研究 3162461.2.1黃酮類化合物 466181.2.2三萜類及皂苷類化合物 6117911.2.3有機酸類化合物 872321.2.4維生素類化合物 10211051.3藥理活性研究 11271381.3.1抑菌活性 11326611.3.2鎮(zhèn)痛抗炎活性 11189351.3.3降血糖活性 11106721.3.4抗氧化活性 12279861.3.5抗癌活性 121.1前言自古以來，幾乎所有的文化長河都記載人類使用的藥物都以中草藥作為來源，其在人類治療疾病中發(fā)揮著非常重要的作用。傳統(tǒng)中草藥在世界各地都被廣泛使用，是由于其含有的天然產(chǎn)物或者某些有效天然產(chǎn)物的前體。薔薇科植物大多分布在北溫帶附近，全世界有124個屬3300種，我國約有51屬1000余種ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Hummer</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>426</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>426</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615985389">426</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="BookSection">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hummer,KimE.</author><author>Janick,Jules</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Folta,KevinM.</author><author>Gardiner,SusanE.</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Rosaceae:Taxonomy,EconomicImportance,Genomics</title><secondary-title>GeneticsandGenomicsofRosaceae</secondary-title></titles><pages>1-17</pages><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>2009//</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>NewYork,NY</pub-location><publisher>SpringerNewYork</publisher><isbn>978-0-387-77491-6</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1007/978-0-387-77491-6_1</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/978-0-387-77491-6_1</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[1]，其中包括稠李屬、薔薇屬、李屬、臭櫻屬等。薔薇科植物是最重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一，其由水果、堅果、草本和木本植物組成。薔薇科植物中代表性的可食用果實有蘋果、李子、榅桲、草莓、梨、杏仁、桃、樹莓等，富含豐富的維生素、氨基酸等成分。薔薇科中的堅果有扁核木仁、桃仁、杏仁等可作為榨取油料的重要原料。薔薇科中的喬木，如桃木、石楠木、梨木可作為木材料雕刻加工。該科絕大部分成熟的樹木因其具有芳香的花朵，通常被種植作觀賞用途。如玫瑰、山楂、繡線菊、鳶尾花、蕨麻、碧桃、火棘。其中本科中大多數(shù)花，如玫瑰、月季等可提取芳香性揮發(fā)成分，豐富了精油的種類。薔薇科(Rosaceae)植物的藥用價值在科學文獻中被廣泛報道ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Hummer</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>426</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>426</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615985389">426</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="BookSection">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hummer,KimE.</author><author>Janick,Jules</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Folta,KevinM.</author><author>Gardiner,SusanE.</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Rosaceae:Taxonomy,EconomicImportance,Genomics</title><secondary-title>GeneticsandGenomicsofRosaceae</secondary-title></titles><pages>1-17</pages><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>2009//</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>NewYork,NY</pub-location><publisher>SpringerNewYork</publisher><isbn>978-0-387-77491-6</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1007/978-0-387-77491-6_1</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/978-0-387-77491-6_1</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[1]。中國植物志ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>中國科學院中植物志委員會</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>507</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>507</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615999363">507</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>中國科學院中植物志委員會</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>中國植物志</title><secondary-title>科學出版社</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>科學出版社</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]依據(jù)其果實和花的構造，將其分為以下四個亞科，繡線菊亞科(SpiraeoideaeAgardh)、蘋果亞科(MaloideaeWeber)、薔薇亞科(RosoideaeFocke)、李亞科(PrunoideaeFocke)。我國薔薇科主要的屬種分布如表1.1。表1.1我國薔薇科植物種類數(shù)量以及資源分布植物名拉丁名稱數(shù)量主要分布地區(qū)林石草屬Waldsteinia1東北龍芽草屬Agrimonia4四川、青海、江西、貴州羽葉花屬Acomastylis2西南部、西藏羽衣草屬Alchemilla3四川、新疆、云南、甘肅紅果樹屬Stranvaesia4湖南、湖北、江西、安徽太行花屬Taihangia1太行山唐棣屬Amelanchier2浙江、江西、湖北、重慶小米空木屬Stephanandra2浙江、江西、山東、江西、花楸屬Sorbus50北京、廣西、湖北、云南馬蹄黃屬Spenceria1四川、云南、西藏桃屬Amygdalus12陜西太白假升麻屬Aruncus2吉林、黑龍江、四川、云南地薔薇屬Chamaerhodos5青海民和櫻屬Cerasus100江西、湖南、四川、云南木瓜屬Chaenomeles5江西、重慶、四川、云南風箱果屬Physocarpus1河北、云南、陜西、甘肅石楠屬Photinia40江蘇、浙江、福建、廣西稠李屬Padus14云南、遼寧、青海、四川小石積屬Osteomeles3江西、四川、云南、新疆沼委陵菜屬Comarum2青海澤庫栒子屬Cotoneaster50天津、內蒙古、湖北、西藏蛇莓屬Duchesnea2天津、江西、重慶、四川山楂屬Crataegus17內蒙古、江西、四川、陜西榅桲屬Cydonia1云南麗江牛筋條屬Dichotomanthus1湖北、貴州、云南仙女木屬Dryas1新疆沙灣繡線梅屬Neillia10天津、江西、云南、廣西臭櫻屬Maddenia5四川峨眉山、青海循化桂櫻屬Laurocerasus13湖南芷江、臺灣臺中棣棠花屬Kerria1重慶、陜西、四川、河南路邊青屬Geum3遼寧、安徽、江西、新疆蘋果屬Malus20福建、江西、湖南、西藏梨屬Pyrus14遼寧、河南、云南、甘肅石斑木屬Rhaphiolepis7臺灣臀果木屬Pygeum6廣東、廣西、貴州、云南火棘屬Pyracantha7重慶、貴州、陜西、廣西雞麻屬Rhodotypos1浙江、遼寧、湖北、山東薔薇屬Rosa82陜西、四川、江西、吉林懸鉤子屬Rubus194四川、西藏、臺灣、安徽無尾果屬Coluria3四川、西藏、青海蚊子草屬Filipendula8河北、吉林、重慶、云南石楠屬Photinia40重慶、云南、四川、江西繡線菊屬Spiraea50廣東、貴州、云南、西藏草莓屬Fragaria8四川、貴州、云南、西藏綿刺屬Potaninia1內蒙古、廣東、四川委陵菜屬Potentilla80內蒙古、四川、貴州、云南枇杷屬Eriobotrya13湖南、廣東、廣西、湖北扁核木屬Prinsepia4遼寧、四川、云南、甘肅李屬Prunus7遼寧、安徽、江西、云南鮮卑花屬Sibiraea3四川、云南、甘肅、青海珍珠梅屬Sorbaria4內蒙古、重慶、云南地榆屬Sanguisorba7江西、河南、四川、云南山莓草屬Sibbaldia15四川、云南、甘肅、青海1.2化學成分研究 通過查閱文獻已知，薔薇科植物有豐富的的化學成分，如黃酮類、萜類、揮發(fā)油等組分。此外，還含有倍半萜、甾醇、花色苷、鞣質等成分。1.2.1黃酮類化合物黃酮類化合物的母核結構為2-苯基色原酮ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>趙雪巍</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>439</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[3]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>439</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615987671">439</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>趙雪巍</author><author>劉培玉</author><author>劉丹</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>河北醫(yī)科大學藥學院天然藥物化學教研室;</auth-address><titles><title>黃酮類化合物的構效關系研究進展</title><secondary-title>中草藥</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中草藥</full-title></periodical><pages>3264-3271</pages><volume>46</volume><number>21</number><keywords><keyword>黃酮類化合物</keyword><keyword>構效關系</keyword><keyword>天然產(chǎn)物</keyword><keyword>骨架結構</keyword><keyword>結構分類</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>0253-2670</isbn><call-num>12-1108/R</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]，多以糖苷形式存在。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)黃酮類化合物具有多種藥理活性，如抗癌、抗過敏、抗炎和保護胃粘膜等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>González-Gallego</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>440</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4,5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>440</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615987809">440</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="BookSection">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>González-Gallego,Javier</author><author>García-Mediavilla,María</author><author>Sanchez-Campos,Sonia</author><author>Tu?ón,María</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Anti-InflammatoryandImmunomodulatoryPropertiesofDietaryFlavonoids</title><alt-title>PolyphenolsinHumanHealthandDisease</alt-title></titles><pages>435-452</pages><volume>1</volume><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>9780123984562</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/B978-0-12-398456-2.00032-3</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Guan</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>441</RecNum><record><rec-number>441</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615987952">441</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Guan,L.P.</author><author>Liu,B.Y.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Antidepressant-likeeffectsandmechanismsofflavonoidsandrelatedanalogues</title><secondary-title>EuropeanJournalofMedicinalChemistry</secondary-title></titles><pages>47-57</pages><volume>121</volume><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[4,5]。國內外文獻報道薔薇科植物中存在大量黃酮類化合物ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[6-12]，表1.2為薔薇科植物中部分黃酮類化合物，其化學結構圖1.1所示：表1.2薔薇科植物中部分黃酮類化合物植物來源部分化合物C.horizontalis枝ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mohamed</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>449</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[13]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>449</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615988665">449</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mohamed,S.A.</author><author>Sokkar,N.M.</author><author>El-Gindi,O.</author><author>Ali,Z.Y.</author><author>Alfishawy,I.M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Phytoconstituentsinvestigation,anti-Diabeticandanti-dyslipidemicactivitiesofcotoneasterhorizontalisdecnecultivatedinEgypt</title><secondary-title>LifeScienceJournal </secondary-title></titles><pages>620-630</pages><volume>10</volume><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[13]quercetin(Q1)、naringenin(Q11)、(+)catechin(Q13)葉ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kicel</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>450</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>450</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615988837">450</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kicel,Agnieszka</author><author>Michel,Piotr</author><author>Owczarek,Aleksandra</author><author>Marchelak,Anna</author><author>?y?elewicz,Dorota</author><author>Budryn,Gra?yna</author><author>Oracz,Joanna</author><author>Olszewska,Monika</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PhenolicProfileandAntioxidantPotentialofLeavesfromSelectedCotoneasterMedik.Species</title><secondary-title>Molecules</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Molecules</full-title></periodical><pages>688</pages><volume>21</volume><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>05/26</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3390/molecules21060688</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]isoquercitrin(Q2)、hyperoside(Q3)、isoquercetin(Q4)、rutin(Q5)、quercetin-3-O-(2''-O-xylosyl)galactoside(Q6)、(+)catechin(Q13)、proanthocyanidinB2(Q15)、proanthocyanidinC1(Q16)、quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside、quercetinrhamnose-hexosides、kaempferolrhamnoside果ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kicel</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>451</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>451</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615991150">451</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kicel,Agnieszka</author><author>Kolodziejczyk-Czepas,Joanna</author><author>Owczarek,Aleksandra</author><author>Rutkowska,Magdalena</author><author>Wajs-Bonikowska,Anna</author><author>Granica,Sebastian</author><author>Nowak,Pawel</author><author>Olszewska,Monika</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MultifunctionalPhytocompoundsinCotoneasterFruits:PhytochemicalProfiling,CellularSafety,Anti-InflammatoryandAntioxidantEffectsinChemicalandHumanPlasmaModelsInVitro</title><secondary-title>OxidativeMedicineandCellularLongevity</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OxidativeMedicineandCellularLongevity</full-title></periodical><pages>1-16</pages><volume>2018</volume><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>10/24</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1155/2018/3482521</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]isoquercitrin(Q2)、hyperoside(Q3)、isoquercetin(Q4)、rutin(Q5)、quercetin-3-O-(2''-O-xylosyl)galactoside(Q6)、epicatechin(Q14)、proanthocyanidinB2(Q15)、proanthocyanidinC1(Q16)C.integerrimus果ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kicel</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>452</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>452</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615991592">452</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kicel,Agnieszka</author><author>Owczarek,Aleksandra</author><author>Gralak,Paulina</author><author>Ciszewski,Pawel</author><author>Olszewska,Monika</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Polyphenolicprofile,antioxidantactivity,andpro-inflammatoryenzymesinhibitionofleaves,flowers,barkandfruitsofCotoneasterintegerrimus:Acomparativestudy</title><secondary-title>PhytochemistryLetters</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PhytochemistryLetters</full-title></periodical><volume>30</volume><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>03/01</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.phytol.2019.02.027</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]hyperoside(Q3)、rutin(Q5)、epicatechin(Q14)、proanthocyanidinB2(Q15)、proanthocyanidinC1(Q16)葉ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[14,16,17]quercetin(Q1)、isoquercitrin(Q2)、hyperoside(Q3)、isoquercetin(Q4)、rutin(Q5)、epicatechin(Q14)、proanthocyanidinB2(Q15)、proanthocyanidinC1(Q16)花ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kicel</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>452</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>452</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615991592">452</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kicel,Agnieszka</author><author>Owczarek,Aleksandra</author><author>Gralak,Paulina</author><author>Ciszewski,Pawel</author><author>Olszewska,Monika</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Polyphenolicprofile,antioxidantactivity,andpro-inflammatoryenzymesinhibitionofleaves,flowers,barkandfruitsofCotoneasterintegerrimus:Acomparativestudy</title><secondary-title>PhytochemistryLetters</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PhytochemistryLetters</full-title></periodical><volume>30</volume><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>03/01</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.phytol.2019.02.027</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]isoquercitrin(Q2)、hyperoside(Q3)、rutin(Q5)、(+)catechin(Q13)、epicatechin(Q14)、proanthocyanidinB2(Q15)、proanthocyanidinC1(Q16)樹皮ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kicel</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>452</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>452</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615991592">452</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kicel,Agnieszka</author><author>Owczarek,Aleksandra</author><author>Gralak,Paulina</author><author>Ciszewski,Pawel</author><author>Olszewska,Monika</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Polyphenolicprofile,antioxidantactivity,andpro-inflammatoryenzymesinhibitionofleaves,flowers,barkandfruitsofCotoneasterintegerrimus:Acomparativestudy</title><secondary-title>PhytochemistryLetters</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PhytochemistryLetters</full-title></periodical><volume>30</volume><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>03/01</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.phytol.2019.02.027</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]isoquercitrin(Q2)、hyperoside(Q3)、eriodictyol(Q10)、(+)catechin(Q13)、epicatechin(Q14)、proanthocyanidinB2(Q15)、proanthocyanidinC1(Q16)C.bullatus葉ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[14,17]isoquercitrin(Q2)、hyperoside(Q3)、isoquercetin(Q4)、quercetin-3-O-(2''-O-xylosyl)galactoside(Q6)、rutin(Q5)、(+)catechin(Q13)、epicatechin(Q14)、proanthocyanidinB2(Q15)、proanthocyanidinC1(Q16)果ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[11,15]isoquercitrin(Q2)、hyperoside(Q3)、isoquercetin(Q4)、quercetin-3-O-(2''-O-xylosyl)galactoside(Q6)、proanthocyanidinB2(Q15)、proanthocyanidinC1(Q16)C.zabelii葉ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[11,14,17]quercetin(Q1)、isoquercitrin(Q2)、hyperoside(Q3)、isoquercetin(Q4)、(+)catechin(Q13)、epicatechin(Q14)、proanthocyanidinB2(Q15)、proanthocyanidinC1(Q16)、quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside、quercetinrhamnose-hexosides、kaempferolrhamnoside果ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kicel</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>451</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>451</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615991150">451</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kicel,Agnieszka</author><author>Kolodziejczyk-Czepas,Joanna</author><author>Owczarek,Aleksandra</author><author>Rutkowska,Magdalena</author><author>Wajs-Bonikowska,Anna</author><author>Granica,Sebastian</author><author>Nowak,Pawel</author><author>Olszewska,Monika</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MultifunctionalPhytocompoundsinCotoneasterFruits:PhytochemicalProfiling,CellularSafety,Anti-InflammatoryandAntioxidantEffectsinChemicalandHumanPlasmaModelsInVitro</title><secondary-title>OxidativeMedicineandCellularLongevity</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OxidativeMedicineandCellularLongevity</full-title></periodical><pages>1-16</pages><volume>2018</volume><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>10/24</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1155/2018/3482521</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]isoquercitrin(Q2)、hyperoside(Q3)、epicatechin(Q14)、proanthocyanidinB2(Q15)、proanthocyanidinC1(Q16)、C.mongolica葉ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Francisco</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>455</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>455</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615992267">455</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Francisco</author><author>Les</author><author>Víctor</author><author>López</author><author>Giovanni</author><author>Caprioli</author><author>Romilde</author><author>Iannarelli</author><author>Dennis</author><author>Fiorini</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Chemicalconstituents,radicalscavengingactivityandenzymeinhibitorycapacityoffruitsfromCotoneasterpannosusFranch</title><secondary-title>FoodFunction </secondary-title></titles><pages>1775-1784</pages><volume>8</volume><dates><year>2017</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]quercetin(Q1)、hyperoside(Q3)、astragalin(Q7)、biochaninA7-O-glucoside(sissotrin)(Q12)、C.pannosus果ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gendaram</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>456</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>456</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615992362">456</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gendaram,Odontuya</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PhytochemicalsinleavesofCotoneastermongolica,theirantioxidative,andacetylcholinesteraseinhibitoryactivity</title><secondary-title>MongolianJournalofChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>MongolianJournalofChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>1-6</pages><volume>20</volume><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>12/27</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.5564/mjc.v20i46.1235</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Gendaram</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>456</RecNum><record><rec-number>456</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615992362">456</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gendaram,Odontuya</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PhytochemicalsinleavesofCotoneastermongolica,theirantioxidative,andacetylcholinesteraseinhibitoryactivity</title><secondary-title>MongolianJournalofChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>MongolianJournalofChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>1-6</pages><volume>20</volume><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>12/27</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.5564/mjc.v20i46.1235</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[12]hyperoside(Q3)、rutin(Q5)、naringenin(Q11)C.acuminatus根ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Sati</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>446</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[10]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>446</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615988363">446</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sati,S.C.</author><author>M.D.Sati</author><author>Sharma,A.</author><author>Joshi,M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Isolationandcharecterisationofphenolicsfromtherootsofcotoneasteracuminatusanddeterminationoftheirantimicrobialactivity</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofPharmacyPharmaceuticalSciences</secondary-title></titles><pages>58-60</pages><volume>2</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[10]apigenin-7-O-glucoside(Q8)、3',4'-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone-7-O-rhamnoside(Q9)、epicatechin(Q14)、7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanol5-O-glucoside(25)C.melanocarpus根ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Holzer</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>458</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>458</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615992526">458</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Holzer,Veronika</author><author>Lower-Nedza,Agnieszka</author><author>Nandintsetseg,Myagmar</author><author>Batkhuu,Javzan</author><author>Brantner,Adelheid</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>AntioxidantConstituentsofCotoneastermelanocarpusLodd</title><secondary-title>Antioxidants</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Antioxidants</full-title><abbr-1>Antioxidants</abbr-1></periodical><pages>265-272</pages><volume>2</volume><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>10/24</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3390/antiox2040265</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]isoquercitrin(Q2)、hyperoside(Q3)、rutin(Q5)C.nummularia枝ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gokhan</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>460</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>460</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615992703">460</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gokhan,Z.</author><author>Ahmet,U.</author><author>Erdogan,G.</author><author>Abdurrahman,A.</author><author>Annie,J.A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SurveyofPhytochemicalCompositionandBiologicalEffectsofThreeExtractsfromaWildPlant(CotoneasternummulariaFisch.etMey.):APotentialSourceforFunctionalFoodIngredientsandDrugFormulations</title><secondary-title>PLoSONE</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PLoSONE</full-title></periodical><pages>1-13</pages><volume>9</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]eriodictyol(Q10)、(+)catechin(Q13)、epicatechin(Q14)C.integerrimus枝ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Uysal</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>461</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>461</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615992796">461</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Uysal,Ahmet</author><author>Zengin,Gokhan</author><author>Mollica,Adriano</author><author>Gunes,Erdogan</author><author>Locatelli,Marcello</author><author>Yilmaz,Turgut</author><author>Aktumsek,Abdurrahman</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ChemicalandBiologicalInsightsonCotoneasterintegerrimus:Anew(-)-epicatechinsourceforfoodandmedicinalapplications</title><secondary-title>Phytomedicine</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Phytomedicine</full-title></periodical><volume>23</volume><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>06/14</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.phymed.2016.06.011</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]quercetin(Q1)、eriodictyol(Q10)、epicatechin(Q14)、apigenin、hesperidin、C.meyeri葉ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>G?k</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>462</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[22]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>462</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615992819">462</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>G?k,Hasya</author><author>G?kbulut,Alper</author><author>U?urluAyd?n,Zübeyde</author><author>D?nmez,Ali</author><author>ErdoganOrhan,Ilkay</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Insightintoanticholinesteraseandantioxidantpotentialofthirty-fourRosaceaesamplesandphenoliccharacterizationoftheactiveextractsbyHPLC</title><secondary-title>IndustrialCropsandProducts</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>IndustrialCropsandProducts</full-title></periodical><pages>104-113</pages><volume>91</volume><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>07/15</date></pub-dates></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.06.029</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[22]rutin(Q5)圖1.1薔薇科植物中部分黃酮類化合物1.2.2三萜類及皂苷類化合物三萜類化合物可以看成是由異戊二烯或異戊烷以各種方式連結而成的一類天然化合物。三萜皂苷類化合物含量也很豐富，苷元的C-28的羧基與糖分子相連。在波長為245nm、365nm的紫外燈下檢測不到部分三萜類物質的熒光，該類物質有降糖調脂、抗炎鎮(zhèn)痛、免疫調控及保護心肝腎肺臟的作用ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[23-26]；自然界中天然植物甾醇共有250余種，有抗炎、降膽固醇功效ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>馮思敏</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>467</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[27]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>467</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="5aeat09sovfsp7ezrzk5xz982w2p20afee95"timestamp="1615993245">467</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>馮思敏</autho