Page考點分類練(七)詞句猜測題(1)Passage1(2025福建龍巖二模)主題:攝影詞數(shù):338難度:★★★☆☆限時:7分鐘ZhouDonglinistravelingduringtheSpringFestivalinUganda,attemptingtocapturepreciousimagesofmountaingorillasthroughherlens(鏡頭).“Ienjoyexploringanimalcommunitiesandhavetriedtotelltheirtales.Ifthesestoriescanmovetheaudienceandtouchtheirhearts,theywillcometoloveanimals.Thislovewillcorrespondinglyinspirethemtoprotectnature,”Zhousays.InDecember,Zhou’sphotographyworkstoodoutfromthemorethan37,600nature-themedimageandvideosubmissionsfromacrosstheworld.Zhoustartedreflectingonthemeaningoflifewhenshewasboundtobedforsixmonthsfollowingacarcrashin2013.Sherealizedshehadbeenstrugglingtobeastraight-Astudenttopleaseherparents.“IwastoobusytotrytofigureoutwhatIwant,”shesays.WithherMBAbackground,Zhousaysit’skeytopickupawealthofknowledgeaboutanimalsbeforegettingintothefield.“Naturephotographersoftenuseextremelylonglenses,whichareveryheavy,andhikinginthewildernessrequiresalotofphysicalstrength,”Zhousays.Enduranceisalsokey—beingabletohandlehunger,dirtandsometimesthirst.TheyearsZhouhasspentcapturingnatureandwildlifehavenotjustgivenrisetotensofthousandsofvaluableimagesbutendearedhertotheanimals,motivatinghertocallattentiontotheirprotection.In2019,sheworkedwithornithologist(鳥類學家)LinQingxianfromXiamenUniversitytosetupSeekingWild,anonprofitorganizationcommittedtoraisingpublicawarenessofwildlifeconservationthroughfieldresearch,rescueefforts,andecologicalphotography.Additionally,Zhouheldapersonalphotographyexhibition,withallproceedsgoingtonaturalconservationefforts.“Theimagesaremoreasourceofmaterialsforwildlifeconservation,aswhattheeyeseesisthemostdirectandvisuallyimpactful,”ZhouexplainsoftheestablishmentofSeekingWild.“However,whenitcomestofollow-upactions,Ibelieveitrequirestheinvolvementoforganizationsthatcaninstitutepracticalmeasures.”1.WhydoesZhousharethestoriesofwildlifethroughphotography?A.Towininternationalawards.B.Todevelopacareerinecology.C.Toengageaudiencesinnatureprotection.D.Tostimulateaudiences’interestinanimals.2.WhatdidZhourealizeafteracaraccident?A.Theimportanceofputtinglifeinfocus.B.Theneedtoimprovephotographicskills.C.Theurgencyofbuildingastrongbody.D.Theprideinbeinganoutstandingstudent.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“proceeds”inparagraph6referto?A.Donations. B.Profits.C.Works. D.Resources.4.AccordingtoZhou,whatisthemostessentialforfutureactions?A.Groups’effectiveengagement.B.Publicconservationawareness.C.Moreexhibitionsofwildlifeimages.D.Establishmentofmoreorganizations.Passage2(2025安徽蚌埠二模)主題:光污染詞數(shù):389難度:★★★☆☆限時:8分鐘InthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthelightofthesun,themoonandstarstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whiletheemergenceofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebeenaboontohumans,ithasdonemuchharmtothenaturalworld.Amongthenegativeimpactsofartificiallightatnight(ALAN),lightpollutionleadsmigratingbirdstocitieswithterribleconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,andconvincesseaturtlestoclimbawayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherfindingabouthowALANisaffectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁):Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickthemintospawning(產卵)outsideoftheappropriatetimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce.Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawningobservations,researchersareabletoshowforthefirsttimethatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawningonetothreedaysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlightedreefs.Coralsreleaseeggsoncertainnightsoftheyear,guidedbylunarcycles.Ifcoralsarespawningondifferentnights,inspiredtodosobytheconfusionoflightpollution,itcouldreducethelikelihoodofcoraleggsbeingfertilizedandsurvivingtoproducenewadultcoralsthathelpreefstorecover.“Coralreefsareamongthemostbiodiverseandeconomicallyimportantecosystemsontheplanet.Massbleaching(白化)eventscausedbyclimatechange,habitatdestruction,fisheries,waterpollutionandotherdisturbanceshavereducedcoralreefssubstantiallysincethe1950s,”theseworriedresearcherswrite.“Thecompletelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext100years.”“IfwewanttoreducetheharmALANiscausing,wecandelayswitchingonnight-timelightingincoastalregionstoensurethenaturaldarkperiodbetweensunsetandmoonrisethatguidesspawningremainscomplete,”saysleadauthorDr.ThomasDavies.Obviously,lightpollutionisoneoftheleastcomplicatedpollutionsourcestofix.Solvingplasticpollutionandgreenhousegasemissionswilltakeahumanity-wideseachangetofix,butlightpollution?Wejustneedtoturnoffthelightswhennecessary.Thatcanmakeasignificantdifferencetothenaturalworld.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boon”inparagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Blessing. B.Demonstration.C.Trend. D.Crisis.6.HowdoesALANaffectcorals?A.Itblindsnewadultcorals.B.Itmisleadsthemintospawning.C.Itkeepsthemfromreproducing.D.Itencouragescoralegghunting.7.Whydotheresearchersfeelworried?A.Coralsareexposedtomoonlight.B.Coralsarelikelytobecomeextinct.C.Coralshavelosttheirecologicalvalue.D.Coralscausedisturbancestofisheries.8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toanalyzetheimpactofhumanactivity.B.Toemphasizethesignificantroleofcorals.C.Torevealtherootsourcesofcorals’decline.D.Tocallforactiontoreducelightpollution.Passage3(2025福建龍巖一模)主題:質疑“失敗是成功之母”詞數(shù):347難度:★★★☆☆限時:7分鐘WinstonChurchilloncesaid,“Successconsistsofgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlossofenthusiasm.”It’soneofcountlessplatitudesclaimingthatfailureleadstosuccess.Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.Infact,manypeopledonotlearnfromtheirfailures,andit’sstupidtoexpectotherwise,accordingtofindingspublishedonJune10intheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General.“Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.“Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.Experimentsfoundpeopleweremoreinfavoroftaxpayermoneybeingusedforrecoveryanddrugtreatmentprogramswhentheylearnedaboutthelowratesofsuccessforpeopleusingthoseprograms.“Correctingourwrongbeliefsaboutfailurecouldhelpmovetaxpayerdollarsfrompunishmenttorecoveryandimprovement,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“platitudes”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Worn-outsayings.B.Confirmedprinciples.C.Convincingexamples.D.Commonstatements.10.Whatwillassumingsuccessafterfailurebringabout?A.Highersuccessrate.B.Norepetitionofmistakes.C.Variednegativeemotions.D.Overoptimismaboutresults.11.Whichofthefollowingcaseswilltheauthorapproveof?A.Beingpassiveaboutanintenserelationship.B.Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.C.Convincingthestudentsatestfailureisunimportant.D.Expectingemployeestolearnmorefromworkfailure.12.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.BravingFailuresforSuccessB.TrackingFailure-SuccessInterplayC.Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverratedD.SuccessGoesHandinHandWithFailure

答案：Passage1【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了攝影師周冬林在烏干達旅行期間拍攝山地大猩猩,并通過攝影作品喚起人們保護自然的意識。1.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“‘Ienjoyexploringanimalcommunitiesandhavetriedtotelltheirtales.Ifthesestoriescanmovetheaudienceandtouchtheirhearts,theywillcometoloveanimals.Thislovewillcorrespondinglyinspirethemtoprotectnature,’Zhousays.”可知,周冬林通過攝影分享野生動物的故事是為了讓觀眾參與到自然保護中來。2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Zhoustartedreflectingonthemeaningoflifewhenshewasboundtobedforsixmonthsfollowingacarcrashin2013.Sherealizedshehadbeenstrugglingtobeastraight-Astudenttopleaseherparents.‘IwastoobusytotrytofigureoutwhatIwant,’shesays.”可知,之前周冬林忙于取悅父母而忽視自我需求,車禍后她意識到應關注自身生活的意義,即意識到了聚焦生活的重要性。易錯點撥:本題易錯選D項。原文提到周冬林在車禍后意識到自己曾經“strugglingtobeastraight-Astudenttopleaseherparents”(努力成為全優(yōu)生以取悅父母),并感嘆“IwastoobusytotrytofigureoutwhatIwant”(太忙而無暇思考自己真正想要什么)。這明確表達了她對過去盲目追求學業(yè)優(yōu)秀的反思,而非選項D中的“pride”(驕傲)。3.B詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在的句子“Additionally,Zhouheldapersonalphotographyexhibition,withallproceedsgoingtonaturalconservationefforts.”可知,周冬林舉辦個人攝影展的所有收益都用于自然保護工作。故proceeds意思是“收益”。4.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“However,whenitcomestofollow-upactions,Ibelieveitrequirestheinvolvementoforganizationsthatcaninstitutepracticalmeasures.”可知,周冬林認為,未來的行動最重要的是各組織的有效參與。提分干貨高頻詞匯1.submissionn.提交的作品(尤指參賽作品)2.crashn.碰撞;(汽車)事故3.endurancen.耐力;持久力4.capturev.捕捉;拍攝5.institutevt.制定;建立6.preciousadj.珍貴的7.correspondinglyadv.相應地熟詞生義bound(生)adj.被困住的,受束縛的(熟)adj.必定的;注定的重點短語1.standoutfrom從……中脫穎而出2.reflecton反思3.pickupawealthofknowledge學習大量知識4.giveriseto引起;導致5.callattentionto引起對……的關注6.committo致力于;投身于難句分析TheyearsZhouhasspentcapturingnatureandwildlifehavenotjustgivenrisetotensofthousandsofvaluableimagesbutendearedhertotheanimals,motivatinghertocallattentiontotheirprotection.分析:本句為主從復合句。Zhouhasspentcapturingnatureandwildlife為省略了that的定語從句,修飾先行詞theyears。motivatinghertocallattentiontotheirprotection是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語。譯文:周冬林花費多年拍攝自然和野生動物,這不僅催生了數(shù)萬張珍貴影像,也讓她愛上了這些動物,促使她呼吁關注對它們的保護。Passage2【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明,沿海城市的光污染會誘導珊瑚在正常產卵時間以外產卵,大大降低珊瑚卵的受精成功率和珊瑚的存活率。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)進一步證明了光污染的危害。因此,作者呼吁減少光污染。5.A詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whiletheemergenceofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebeenaboontohumans,ithasdonemuchharmtothenaturalworld.”可知,電燈的出現(xiàn)對人類來說是一個福音。畫線詞的詞義與harm相反,與Blessing最接近。易錯點撥:本題易選D項?！癢hile”引導的讓步狀語從句提示前半句與后半句語義對立,因此boon應與“harm”(危害)反義。D項(Crisis)與harm同屬負面詞匯,不符合邏輯對立關系。6.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二至四段,尤其是第二段中“Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickthemintospawningoutsideoftheappropriatetimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce.”可知,夜間人造燈光會誤導珊瑚在正常產卵時間以外產卵。故選B項。7.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的內容,尤其是“Thecompletelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext100years.”可知,珊瑚很可能會滅絕,這令研究人員擔憂。故選B項。8.D推理判斷題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段中“Whiletheemergenceofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebeenaboontohumans,ithasdonemuchharmtothenaturalworld.Amongthenegativeimpactsofartificiallightatnight(ALAN),lightpollutionleadsmigratingbirdstocitieswithterribleconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,andconvincesseaturtlestoclimbawayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.”和最后一段可知,本文旨在呼吁采取行動減少光污染。故選D項。提分干貨高頻詞匯1.emergencen.出現(xiàn)2.emissionn.排放(物)3.exposevt.使暴露;使接觸 4.anticipatevt.預料;預期5.substantiallyadv.大大地;非常熟詞生義1.schedule(生)vt.調節(jié)(生物鐘)(熟)n.時間表2.trick(生)vt.欺騙(熟)n.詭計,玩笑重點短語1.contributeto導致;促成2.switchon打開(燈光等)3.makeadifference產生影響;起作用難句分析Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawningobservations,researchersareabletoshowforthefirsttimethatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawningonetothreedaysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlightedreefs.分析:本句為復合句。Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawningobservations為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語;thatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawningonetothreedaysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlightedreefs為that引導的賓語從句;exposedtoALAN為過去分詞短語作定語。譯文:通過結合光污染數(shù)據(jù)和產卵觀察,研究人員首次能夠證明,暴露于夜間人造光的珊瑚比未受光照的珊瑚產卵時間提前1至3天,且更接近滿月時間。Passage3【語篇導讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章對“失敗是成功之母”這一常見觀點提出了質疑,并論述了人們往往不能從失敗中學習,以及這種錯誤觀念可能導致的現(xiàn)實后果。9.D詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞下文“Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.”可推測,畫線單詞的意思和“常見的、被廣泛提及的”相似。D項“Commonstatements”意為“常見