中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)與練習(xí)中考英語語法是構(gòu)建語言能力的基石，也是考試中的核心考察內(nèi)容。扎實(shí)掌握這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)，不僅能幫助同學(xué)們?cè)诳荚囍腥〉眉芽?jī)，更能為未來的英語學(xué)習(xí)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。本文將對(duì)中考英語中常考的核心語法點(diǎn)進(jìn)行梳理，并配以針對(duì)性練習(xí)，希望能助力同學(xué)們系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)，查漏補(bǔ)缺。一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是英語語法的靈魂，中考重點(diǎn)考察以下幾種：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(SimplePresentTense)*構(gòu)成：*主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞后加-s或-es(e.g.,works,watches)。*其他人稱用動(dòng)詞原形。*標(biāo)志詞：always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year,onSundays等。*例句：Sheusuallywalkstoschool./Theearthgoesaroundthesun.2.一般過去時(shí)(SimplePastTense)*用法：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。*構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞的過去式(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加-ed，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需記憶)。*標(biāo)志詞：yesterday,lastweek/month/year,...ago,in2020(過去的年份),justnow,then等。*例句：HewenttoBeijinglastsummer./Iboughtthisbookyesterday.3.一般將來時(shí)(SimpleFutureTense)*用法：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。*構(gòu)成：*will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形(shall多用于第一人稱，口語中常用will)。*begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形(表示計(jì)劃、打算或有跡象要發(fā)生)。*標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow,nextweek/month/year,soon,inthefuture,in+一段時(shí)間等。*例句：Iwillvisitmygrandparentstomorrow./Itisgoingtorain.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(PresentContinuousTense)*用法：表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行）。*構(gòu)成：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)。*標(biāo)志詞：now,atthemoment,look,listen等。*例句：Theyareplayingbasketballnow./Wearestudyinghardthesedays.5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(PastContinuousTense)*用法：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與表示過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或另一過去動(dòng)作（一般過去時(shí)）連用。*構(gòu)成：was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)。*例句：Iwasdoingmyhomeworkateightlastnight./Whenhecamein,shewasreading.6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(PresentPerfectTense)*用法：*表示過去發(fā)生并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。*表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already,yet,ever,never,just等詞連用。*構(gòu)成：have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(V-ed)。*標(biāo)志詞：already,yet,ever,never,just,since,for,sofar,inthepastfewyears等。*例句：Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears./Shehasalreadyfinishedherhomework.時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)：1.Heoften______(play)footballafterschool.(用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)2.Myfather______(watch)TVlastnight.(同上)3.They______(visit)theGreatWallnextmonth.(同上)4.Listen!Someone______(sing)inthenextroom.(同上)5.I______(read)abookwhenmymothercameback.(同上)6.We______(learn)Englishforsixyears.(同上)7.—______you______(finish)yourhomeworkyet?—Yes,I______.I______(finish)itanhourago.(同上)二、名詞(Nouns)1.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞*可數(shù)名詞：可以計(jì)數(shù)，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：book(books),student(students)。*不可數(shù)名詞：不能直接計(jì)數(shù)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示數(shù)量時(shí)需借助量詞。如：water(aglassofwater),information(apieceofinformation)。*常見不可數(shù)名詞：water,milk,rice,bread,meat,fish(魚肉),fruit,news,information,advice,weather,money,time(時(shí)間)等。2.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化*一般加-s:books,pens*以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的加-es:buses,boxes,watches,dishes*以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加-es:baby(babies),city(cities)*以o結(jié)尾的，有生命的加-es(如：potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes)，無生命的加-s(如：photo-photos,radio-radios,zoo-zoos)。3.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化*man(men),woman(women),child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),mouse(mice),sheep(sheep),deer(deer),fish(fish,強(qiáng)調(diào)種類時(shí)可加-es)。名詞練習(xí)：1.Therearetwo______(knife)onthetable.2.Ihavealotof______(friend)inmyschool.3.Wouldyoulikesome______(tea)?4.Heboughtthree______(box)ofapplesyesterday.5.Lookatthose______(child).Theyareplayinghappily.三、代詞(Pronouns)代詞是用來代替名詞或名詞詞組的詞，避免重復(fù)。中考重點(diǎn)考察：1.人稱代詞(PersonalPronouns)*主格(作主語)：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they*賓格(作賓語)：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them*例句：Sheismysister.Iloveher.2.物主代詞(PossessivePronouns)*形容詞性物主代詞(后接名詞)：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their*名詞性物主代詞(后不接名詞)：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs*例句：Thisismybook.Thatisyours.3.反身代詞(ReflexivePronouns)*myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves*用法：表示動(dòng)作回到動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者本身，或強(qiáng)調(diào)某人自己。*例句：HetaughthimselfEnglish./Ididitmyself.代詞練習(xí)：1.Thisisnot______(I)pen.______(I)isinthepencil-box.2.Myparentsareteachers.______(they)teachinamiddleschool.3.Thelittlegirlcandress______(she)now.4.Isthisbag______(you)?No,it's______(she).5.Weshouldlearnfrom______(they).四、形容詞(Adjectives)和副詞(Adverbs)1.形容詞*用法：修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征。*位置：通常放在名詞之前；be動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞（如look,feel,seem,get）之后。*例句：abeautifulflower/Sheishappy./Thesouptastesdelicious.*比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：*規(guī)則變化：*單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞：直接加-er/-est(tall-taller-tallest)；以e結(jié)尾加-r/-st(nice-nicer-nicest)；以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i加-er/-est(happy-happier-happiest)；重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母加-er/-est(big-bigger-biggest)。*不規(guī)則變化：good/well-better-best;bad/badly-worse-worst;many/much-more-most;little-less-least;far-farther/further-farthest/furthest。2.副詞*用法：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個(gè)句子，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等。*構(gòu)成：很多副詞由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成(quick-quickly,careful-carefully)。*位置：*修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常放在動(dòng)詞之后；若是及物動(dòng)詞，放在賓語之后。*修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞之前。*例句：Herunsfast./ShespeaksEnglishwell./Thisbookisveryinteresting./Heworksveryhard.*常見副詞：very,so,too,much,quite,often,usually,always,sometimes,never,here,there,now,then,fast,slowly,carefully,happily。形容詞和副詞練習(xí)：1.Thisstoryis______(interesting)thanthatone.(用所給形容詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)2.Shesings______(beautiful).Everyonelikeshersongs.(用所給形容詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)3.Whichis______(big),thesunorthemoon?(同上)4.Heisa______(care)boy.Hedoeseverything______(care).(同上)5.Tomruns______(fast)inhisclass.(同上)五、介詞(Prepositions)介詞是表示詞與詞、詞與句之間關(guān)系的詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。中考?？冀樵~：1.時(shí)間介詞*at:用于具體時(shí)刻(at8o'clock)、固定搭配(atnoon,atnight,atweekends)。*on:用于具體某一天(onMonday,onJune1st,onacoldmorning)。*in:用于年、月、季節(jié)、泛指上午/下午/晚上(in2023,inMay,insummer,inthemorning)。*for:表示一段時(shí)間(forthreedays,foralongtime)。*since:表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(since2010,sincelastweek)。*before,after,by,until,during,from...to...2.地點(diǎn)介詞*in:在……里面(intheroom,inChina)。*on:在……上面(onthedesk,onthewall)。*at:在……小地點(diǎn)(atthestation,atschool,athome)。*under,behind,infrontof,nextto,between,near,by介詞練習(xí)：1.Weusuallyhavelunch______12:00.2.Mybirthdayis______October15th.3.Hehaslivedhere______2008.4.Thereisapicture______thewall.5.Thecatissleeping______thechair.6.Iwillfinishmyhomework______anhour.六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(ModalVerbs)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人的語氣、情感或態(tài)度，如能力、許可、義務(wù)、推測(cè)等。常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can,could,may,might,must,haveto,should,would。*can/could:能，會(huì)(表能力)；可以(表許可，could更委婉)。*例句：Icanswim./CouldIborrowyourpen?*may/might:可以(表許可，may比might更正式)；可能(表推測(cè)，might可能性更小)。*例句：Youmaygonow./Itmightraintomorrow.*must/haveto:must必須(主觀上認(rèn)為)；haveto不得不(客觀上需要)。*例句：Wemustobeytherules./IhavetogotothedoctorbecauseI'mill.*否定：mustn't禁止；don'thaveto/needn't不必。*should:應(yīng)該(表建議、責(zé)任、義務(wù))。*例句：Youshouldstudyhard.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)：1.You______(must/haveto)bequietinthelibrary.2.______(Can/Must)youspeakFrench?No,Ican't.3.It'slate.I______(haveto/may)gonow.4.You______(shouldn't/needn't)eattoomuchjunkfood.It'sbadforyourhealth.5.—______Iuseyourdictionary?—Yes,you______.(May/Must)七、非謂語動(dòng)詞(Non-finiteVerbs)中考主要考察動(dòng)詞不定式(Infinitive)和動(dòng)名詞(Gerund)的基本用法。1.動(dòng)詞不定式(to+動(dòng)詞原形)*用法：*作主語：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.(常用it作形式主語：ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.)*作賓語：Iwanttogoshopping.(常見接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：want,hope,wish,decide,try,learn,plan,forget,remember,like,love,hate等)*作賓語補(bǔ)足語：Mymotherasksmetocleanmyroom.(常見接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：ask,tell,want,teach,allow,help等，help后to可省略)*作目的狀語：Hecameheretoseeme.*不帶to的不定式：在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后(can,may,must等)；在使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have后作賓補(bǔ)；在感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,hear,feel,notice后作賓補(bǔ)（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作全過程或經(jīng)常性）。*例句：Let'sgo./Isawhimrunaway.(但被動(dòng)語態(tài)中to要還原：Hewasseentorunaway.)2.動(dòng)名詞(動(dòng)詞+ing形式，相當(dāng)于名詞)*用法：*作主語：Swimmingisgoodexercise.*作賓語：Ienjoyreading.(常見接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：enjoy,finish,practice,mind,keep,like,love,hate,stop,remember,forget等)*作介詞賓語：Heisgoodatsinging./Thankyouforhelpingme.非謂語動(dòng)詞練習(xí)：1.Hewants______(be)adoctorwhenhegrowsup.2.Mybro