1、AcademicWriting,Instructor:SunWenkangOffice:Room4305Email:wksun,IntroductiontoResearchWritingandAcademicStyle,IntroductionThethesisqualityrequirementsetbytheNationalCurriculum(2000):“coherentlanguage,logicalorganization,substantialcontentwithsomeoriginalthoughts”(文字通順、思路清淅、內(nèi)容充實(shí)，有一定的獨(dú)立見解)Thesislength

2、:3,0005,000wordsAresearchpaperisanargumentativeessaywithstrongevidencetosupportyourarguments.Youdiscoverandcreatenewmeanings,newknowledgeandnewconnections.Itisacreativeprocessinwhichyourthinking,yourideasarecentral.,SubjectAreas,ArtsLanguageandLiteratureForeignLinguisticsHistoryphilosophyEducationLa

3、wEconomicsManagementMilitaryStrategies,ScienceEngineeringMedicineAgronomy,AchievingtheGoalsofAcademicWriting,ResearchpapersrequireanalyticalabilityCritical,creative/original,logical,clear,accurateWritingProcess:ChoosingaTopicGeneratingIdeasFinalizingtheTopicWritinganOutlineWritingtheFirstDraftRevisi

4、ngEditing,ProofreadingandSupplementing,TopicAreasforEnglishMajors,EnglishliteratureLinguisticsTranslationTEFL(TeachingEnglishasaForeignLanguage)EnglishCultureandCross-CulturalCommunicationESP(EnglishforSpecialPurposes),ChoosingandLimitingaTopic,InterestareasAvailabilityofresourcesManageabilityOrigin

5、alityEnoughroomfororiginalanalysis,thinkingandconclusionAvoidintroducingall-knowninformationAcademicvalue,ChoosingandLimitingaTopic,ExamplesTESLpronunciationandspellingphoneticsymbolsdiacriticsTESLwritingacademicwritingBAthesiswritingTESLsyllabusdesignsyllabusdesignforschoolEnglishcorevocabulary,Res

6、earchinEnglishLiterature,MeansandSteps:Explication/InterpretationintrinsicandextrinsicconsiderationsAnalysisComparisonandContrastMajortopicsofliteraryanalysis:ThemePlotorStructureCharacterizationStyle/WritingtechniqueLanguage:attitude,tone,atmosphere,mood,pace,rhythm,dialogue,etc,ApproachestoLiterat

7、ureCriticism,TexturalCriticism/Formalistclosereading;explicatingandanalyzingBiographicaltheinfluenceofthewriterslifeonhis/herworkHistoricaltheworkssignificanceinaparticularperiodGender/FeminismusuallyfromafemininepointofviewPsychoanalyticproductionprocess,psychoanalysisofthewriterandthefictionalchar

8、actersintheworkSociologicaltheinfluencefromandonthecultural,economicalandpoliticalbackgroundMythologicalimaginative,symbolic,cultural,historicalReader-ResponsewhydifferentreadershavedifferentresponsesStructurism-thestudyofallnarratives,analyzingthesystematicfeaturesandfunctionsofnarrativesDeconstruc

9、tion(解構(gòu))languagecannotcompletelyexpressthewritersexactmeaning,leavingspaceforreadersinterpretationandimagination,ReadingforInformation,Backgroundsources:Encyclopedias,WorldWideWebgeneralspecificOriginal/PrimarysourcesdatacollectionCriticalsourcesThereisnofinalauthorityonaliteraryworkoranyfinaltrutha

10、boutit.Thereisonlygoodevidence,goodargumentandgoodwriting.,ReadingforInformation,LiteratureReview:wearenotbuildingacastleintheairObjectivityleastbiasCurrentnessmostupdateCriticism:Dontsimplylistpreviousstudiesandtakeeverythingforgranted,orblindlyfollowthesaidviewsClassifytherelatedtheoriesorresearch

11、esintoseveralgroups,analyzeandcomparethemTakeapositionandsaywhyyouagreeordisagreewithothers,TakingNotes;CollectingandDescribingData,TakingnotesTopicSourceavoidplagiarismExactcopyofdirectquotationsBarestatisticsBriefnotes(preferred)summarybasedonthoroughunderstandingoftheoriginalCollectinganddescribi

12、ngdata,AcademicStyle,FormalUsingfullforms,single-wordverbs,formalandconcreteexpressionsObjectiveAvoidingusingIandyouTryingtouseimpersonalconstructionsConciseFindingadirectway,usingasfewwordsaspossibleConcentratingonthetopicAvoidingrepetition,AcademicStyle,VarietyTentativenesshedgingwould,could,might

13、seem,appear,suggest,tendto,itisestimated.,itisexpected.generally,normally,likely,virtually,possibly.LinkageandconnectionOveralllevelandlocallevellogicalthinkingandexpressionLogicallinkingdeviceAvoidmisuseoroveruse,IntroductionsandConclusions,IntroductionArousingreadersinterestRevealingthesignificanc

14、eofthetopicandbasicassumptionsDefiningtheproblemStatingthethemeThesoulofanacademicpaperConclusionSummingupthefindingsReiteratingthethesisstatementAcknowledgingthelimitationsandspeculatingaboutfurtherresearch,SynthesizingInformation,SummarizingLengthflexible,usuallylessthanaquarteroftheoriginalMaking

15、wiseuseoftheoriginalthesisstatement/topicsentenceMentionthesourceSynthesizinginformationAgoodcombinationofquotations,paraphrasesandsummariesCentralideaofthethesisSomenewidea,fromsomeoriginalperspectiveorafreshangleReporting/SynthesisGatheringalargebodyofknownfactsandmaterialsPresentingmaterialsfroma

16、freshpointofviewReachinganewfinding,CheckPoints,ChecktheorganizationandlogicCheckthethesisstatementandtopicsentenceCheckthecohesionandconnectionsChecktheborrowedmaterialsandtheirsources,ResearchinTranslationTheoriesandPractice,Thenatureoftranslation;translatologyandtheirresearchHistoricaldevelopment

17、Approachesandtechniquesliteralvs.freePrinciplesandcriteriaTranslationequivalenceTranslatabilityandintranslatabilityCulturalfactorsandfunctionsForeignization/Alienizationvs.domestication/AssimilationComparativestudyofdifferentversionsComparisonoftwolanguages,SystemsofDocumentation,Note-bibliography(N

18、umber)systemfootnotesandEndnotesChicagoManualStyleforboththehumanitiesandsocialsciencesParenthetical-Reference(Harvard)system:ModernLanguageAssociationStyle(MLA)forEnglishandthehumanitiesAmericanPsychologicalAssociationStyle(APA)forsocialsciences:psychology,sociology,anthropology,andbusiness,Documen

19、tation(1)DirectQuotation,WhenandHowIntroductionstoRun-in/Set-offQuotationsRousseauadmits,“IfeltbeforeIthought.”“IfeltbeforeIthought,”Rousseauexplains.Gibbonsetsthetonefor.withtheassertionthat“.”CattondescribesMeredithas“abreezygiantofaman.”AccordingtoCatton,Meredithwas“abreezygiantofaman.”Tannenchar

20、acterizeswomensuseofspeechasfollows:Formostwomen,thelanguageofconversationisprimarilyalanguageofrapport:.(fourlinesormore),Documentation(1)DirectQuotation,Moresignalwordsandphrases:Signalwords:analyze,counsel,agree,argue,believe,claim,comment,compare,contend,declare,deny,dispute,emphasize,illustrate

21、,imply,insist,note,refute,report,respond,suggest,.Signalphrases:pointout,inSo-and-sosestimation,offeranargumentforthisview.,answertheseobjectionswiththefollowinganalysis:.,Documentation(2)Paraphrasing,OriginalVersion:“Iftheexistenceofasigningapewasunsettlingforlinguists,itwasalsostartlingnewsforanim

22、albehaviorists”(Davis,1988,p.26).Paraphrases:Theexistenceofasigningapeunsettledlinguistsandstartledanimalbehaviorists(Davis,1988).Ifthepresenceofasign-language-usingchimpwasdisturbingforscientistsstudyinglanguage,itwasalsosurprisingtoscientistsstudyinganimalbehavior(Davis,1988).Whentheylearnedofanapesabilitytousesignlanguage,bothlinguistsandanimalbehavioristsweretakenbysurprise(Dav