1、CHAPTER TWO Changes in Financial Position,第二章 財(cái)務(wù)狀況的變化,Key Terms Introduced or Emphasized in Chapter 2 (P74),Account 賬戶 Accountability 會(huì)計(jì)責(zé)任 Accounting cycle 會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán) Chart of accounts 會(huì)計(jì)科目表 Credit 貸 Database 數(shù)據(jù)庫 Debit 借 Double-entry accounting 復(fù)式記賬 Footing 合計(jì) General journal 普通日記賬,Key Terms Introduced or

2、 Emphasized in Chapter 2 (P74),journal 日記賬 Ledger 分類賬 Posting 過賬 Trial balance 試算平衡表,In this chapter we illustrate the accounting cycle - the procedures used by a business to record, classify, and summarize the effects of business transactions in its accounting records. 本章介紹會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán) - 是企業(yè)在會(huì)計(jì)帳簿中對(duì)其經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)的影響

3、進(jìn)行記錄、分類、匯總的一種程序。,Learning Objectives (p51),1. Discuss the role of accounting records in an organization 2. Describe a ledger account and a ledger,1、討論一個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)計(jì)記錄的作用。 2、描述分類帳戶和分類賬。,3. State the rules of debit and credit for balance sheet accounts 4. Explain the double-entry system of accounting. 5. Ex

4、plain the purpose of a journal and its relationship to the ledger,3、說明資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表帳戶借貸的規(guī)則。 4、解釋會(huì)計(jì)的復(fù)式記賬系統(tǒng)。 5、解釋日記帳的目的和它與分類賬的關(guān)系。,6Prepare journal entries to record common business transactions 7. Prepare a trial balance and explain its uses and limitations 8. Discuss the basic steps of the accounting cycle i

5、n both manual and computer based accounting systems,6、編制日記帳分錄，記錄企業(yè)的普通交易。 7、編制試算平衡表，并且解釋其用途。 8、討論手工記賬系統(tǒng)與電腦記賬系統(tǒng)中會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán)的基本步驟。,1. The role of accounting records in an organization 1. 在組織中會(huì)計(jì)記錄的作用,(1) Establishing accountability for the assets and/or transactions under an individuals control (1)建立對(duì)某個(gè)人控制的資產(chǎn)或

6、業(yè)務(wù)的會(huì) 計(jì)責(zé)任。 (2) Keeping track of routine business activities (2) 記錄日常的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。,(3) Obtaining detailed information about a particular transaction (3) 獲得關(guān)于某項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)的詳細(xì)信息。 (4) Evaluating the efficiency and performance of various departments within the organization (4) 評(píng)價(jià)組織內(nèi)部各部門的效率和業(yè)績(jī)。 (5) Maintaining documentary

7、 evidence of the companys business activities (5) 保留公司業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)的文件證明。,2. A ledger account and A ledger p52, p74,Account is a record used to summarize all increases and decreases in a particular assets, such as cash, or any other type of asset, liability, owners equity, revenue, or expense. The record use

8、d to keep track of the increases and decreases in a single balance sheet item is termed a ledger account, or simply an account.,Ledger is a loose-leaf（活頁） book, file, or other record containing all the separate accounts of a business. A “T” account is a ledge account in its simplest form. Title of A

9、ccount left or right or Debit side Credit side,The balance（余額） of a ledger account is the difference between the debit and credit entries in the account. If the debit total exceeds the credit total, the account has a debit balance. If the credit total exceeds the debit total, the account has a credi

10、t balance.,3. The rules of debit and credit for balance sheet accounts,Asset Account Normally have debit balance. Thus, increases are recorded by debits and decreases are recorded by credits.,Liability if liability, owners equity or revenue increases it will be recorded credit side.,Page 22 Nov. 1,

11、Michael McBryan started the business by depositing $80,000 in a company bank account. Nov. 3, Purchased land for $52,000, paying cash. Nov. 5, Purchased a building for $36,000, paying cash $6,000 and issuing a note payable for the remaining $30,000. Nov. 17, Purchased tools & equipment on account, $

12、13,800.,Nov. 20 Sold some of the tools at a price equal to their cost, $1,800, collectible within 45 days. Nov. 25 Received $600 in partial collection of the account receivable from the sale of tools. Nov. 30 Paid $6,800 in partial payment of an account payable.,5. The purpose of a journal and its r

13、elationship to the ledger,(p60, p74) Journal is a chronological record of transactions showing for each transaction the debits and credits to be entered in specific ledger accounts. The simplest type of journal is called a general journal.,Why use a journal?,1. Show all information about a transacti

14、on in one place and also provides an explanation of the transaction. 2. Provides a chronological record of all the events in the life of a business. 3. The use of a journal helps to prevent errors.,6. Prepare journal entries to record business transactions (p61),1. The year, month, and day 2. The na

15、me of the account to be debited 3. The name of the account to be credited 4. A brief explanation of the transaction 5. A blank line 6. An entry which includes more than one debit or more than one credit 7. The LP column (see page 62 example),Posting Journal Entries,1. Locate the corresponding accoun

16、t in the ledger & entered the date of transaction. 2. Enter in the appropriate column the dollar amount being debited or credited in the ledger account. 3. In the Ref. Column of the ledger account, entered page number of the journal from which the entry is being posted. 4. Return to the journal, in

17、the LP column enter the account number of the ledger a/c to which the entry was posted. (see page 64),7. Prepare a trial balance and its uses and limitations,Trial balance is the two column schedule listing the names and balance of all accounts in the ledger. The total of two columns should agree. T

18、he use and limitations of trail balance (p67),8. The basic steps of the accounting cycle in accounting systems,(1) Record transaction in the journal. (2) Post to ledger accounts. (3) Prepare a trail balance. (4) Prepare financial statements. See page 70,Discussion,1. In its simplest form an account has only three elements or basic parts. What are these three elements? 2. What relation ship exists between the position of an account on the balance sheet and the rules for