1、Grammar,sentences,句子成份, 句子一般由兩個部分組成：,主語部分（ subject group）,謂語部分（ predicate group）, 句子成份：,主,謂,賓,表,補(bǔ),定,狀,Members of sentence: S - subject P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverb Oc - object complement,主,賓,表,賓補(bǔ),定,狀,1) 主語（subject）,I like football.,The boy needs a pen.,句子的主體，全句述說的對象。一般由 擔(dān)

2、任,常置于句首。,2) 謂語（predicate）,說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。由 擔(dān)任。 常置于主語后。,The train leaves at 6 oclock.,I want a ticket.,動詞不定式,動名詞 或從句,名詞,主格代詞,動詞,3) 賓語（object）,4) 表語（predicative）,He won the game. On the desk,表示vt.的動作對象或prep.所聯(lián)系的對象。 由n.或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于vt.或prep.后。,Tome lost his life in the big fire.,He is a student.,用以表述主語的特征、

3、狀態(tài)、身份等。 由n.或adj.擔(dān)任。置于系動詞之后。,除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞， 1)表感官的動詞: 2) 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞: 3)表延續(xù)的動詞,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。,become, get, grow, turn, go,等,remain, keep, stay等。,5) 賓補(bǔ)（objective complement）,補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況 。 由n. /adj. /介賓 /分詞 /不定式等擔(dān)任。,They made him king., ,I consider the book too e

4、xpensive., ,6) 定語（attributive） 對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用的表示,通常位于被修飾的成分前。,The black bike is mine.,( ),說明1：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等時，定語要放在其后作后置定語 我告訴他一些有趣的事情。 I tell him something interesting . 說明2：不定式、短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。 這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。 The students in the room

5、are in Class Nine.,7) 狀語（adverbial）,用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首； 修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前； 表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首， 一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。,I am very sorry. We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . （從句作時間狀語),句子類型,簡單句

6、,并列句,復(fù)合句,.簡單句,1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We dont beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy.,主 + 謂,主 + 謂 + 表,主 + 謂 + 賓,主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語, ,主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ),Nobody went. She became a doctor. The car caught fire. I will write you a long letter. I will let h

7、im go.,Practice, ,主 + 謂,主 + 謂 + 表,主 + 謂 + 賓,主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語,主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ),.并列句,This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, or they will die. Its not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed.,and,or,but,so,He knocked at the door; there was no answer. Youre aliv

8、e! And shes dead.,名詞性從句,狀語從句,定語從句,主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句,同位語從句,.復(fù)合句,A plane is a machine that can fly.,He said that he didnt like her.,狀語從句,分為九類：時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、 目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度,1) 時間狀語從句,Wait until you are called. When spring came, leaves turn green.,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, a

9、s soon as, whenever等,2) 地點狀語從句,Put it where you found it. Sit down wherever you like.,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where, wherever, anywhere,3) 原因狀語從句,As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because, as, since,4) 結(jié)果狀語從句,I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, such that,5)

10、目的狀語從句,Ill show you so you will see how its done.,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, in order that,6) 條件狀語從句,If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if, unless, in case that, on condition that,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though, although, even if, even though,7) 讓步狀語從句,Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrumen

11、t.,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, as if, as though, how,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, as far as, so long as,8) 方式狀語從句,He did just as you told him.,9) 程度狀語從句,So long as you need me, Ill stay.,名詞性從句,1) 主語從句,* What he said is not known. * That we shall be late is certain. * It is certain that we shall be late. * How strange it is

12、 that the children are so quiet!,2）表語從句,* That is what he wants to buy. * The problem is that who we can get to replace her? * The reason is that he has lied to me several times.,3) 賓語從句,* I understand that he is well qualified. * He said that he didnt like her. * I dont know if you can help me.,4) 同位語從句,* Where did you get the idea that I couldnt come? * The question who should do the work requires consideration. * Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat.,the idea,The question,a promise,注意！,* that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 * what在從句中充當(dāng)