1、A Brief Introduction Of Architectural Engineering,1,2,3,4,5,6,Defination,Classification,Concrete Structure,Steel Structure,Masonry Structure,Timber Structure,01,Definition,ONE,Architectural engineering, also known as building engineering, is the application of engineering principles and technology t

2、o building design and construction.,Definition,Building structure is the system that composed of foundation, wall, column, beam, support, roof and other bearing members.,02,Classification,TWO,Classification by main structural materials,03,Concrete Structure,THREE,Concrete is one of the most durable

3、building materials.It provides superior fire resistance compared with wooden construction and gains strength over time. Structures made of concrete can have a long service life.,The Buffalo City Court Building in Buffalo, NY. Buffalo 布法羅（美國紐約州西部一城市）,Empire State Building,Sydney Opera House,Concrete

4、Structure,Many different types of structures and components of structures can be built using reinforced concrete including slabs, walls, beams, columns, found-ations, frames and more. Reinforced concrete can be classified as precast (預(yù)制) or cast-in-place (現(xiàn)澆) concrete.,Comparison of the failure of r

5、einforced concrete beams and plain concrete beams,Concrete Structure,Three physical characteristics give reinforced concrete its special properties. The Concrete has protective effect on steel bar Coefficient of thermal expansion(熱膨脹系數(shù)) of concrete is similar to that of steel, eliminating large inte

6、rnal stresses due to differences in thermal expansion or contraction. When the cement paste within the concrete hardens, this conforms to the surface details of the steel, permitting any stress to be transmitted efficiently between the different materials. Usually steel bars are roughened or corruga

7、ted to further improve the bond or cohesion between the concrete and steel.,Concrete Structure,04,Steel Structure,FOUR,A steel structure building is a metal structure fabricated with steel for the internal support and for exterior cladding, as opposed to steel framed buildings which generally use ot

8、her materials for floors, walls, and external envelope. Steel structure buildings are used for a variety of purposes including storage, work spaces and living accommodation. They are classified into specific types depending on how they are used.,04,Steel Structure,FOUR,Steel Structure,Eiffel Tower,T

9、he National Stadium,Guangzhou Opera House,CCTV Tower,Steel Structure,Advantages Steel is a green product; it is structurally sound and manufactured to strict specifications and tolerances. It is also energy efficient. Any excess material is 100% recyclable. Steel does not easily warp, buckle, twist

10、or bend, and is therefore easy to modify and offers design flexibility. Steel is also easy to install. Steel is cost effective and rarely fluctuates( flktuet 波動(dòng); 漲落)in price.,Steel Structure,Steel allows for improved quality of construction and less maintenance, while offering improved safety and re

11、sistance. With the propagation of mold and mildew in residential buildings, using steel minimizes these infestations. Mold needs moist, porous material to grow. Steel studs do not have those problems,Steel Structure,Heat conductivity:Calculations show that the web of an 18-gauge steel stud is about

12、31 times thinner than a two-by wood stud; however, steel conducts heat 310 times more efficiently than wood. As a net result, a two-by steel stud will conduct 10 times more heat than a two-by wood stud. Easy corrosion:surface need coating anti-corrosion coatings, reduce or avoid corrosion, improve t

13、he durability of life.,Disadvantages,Steel Structure,Type of reinforcement,reinforcement,hot-rolled steel bar,cold-draw steel bar,cold-rolled steel bar,heal treated rebar,HPB235,HRB335,HRB400,RRB400,plain round bar,deformed bar,deformed bar,deformed bar,（熱軋鋼筋）,（冷拉鋼筋）,（冷軋鋼筋）,（熱處理鋼筋）,（光圓鋼筋）,（變形鋼筋）,Ste

14、el Structure,mechanical properties of steel bars,reinforced bar with obvious yield point,比例極限,屈服強(qiáng)度,極限強(qiáng)度,fy,ft,e,d,流幅,a,b,c,oaelastic stage,aproportional limit,byield strength,cdhardening stage,dultimate strength,de failure stage,reinforced bar without obvious yield point,0.2%, 0.2, 0.2conditional yi

15、eld strengh（條件屈服強(qiáng)度）,05,Masonry Structure,FIVE,Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar.The common materials of masonry construction are brick, building stone.Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction.,Masonry Structure,The Grea

16、t Wall,Great Wild Goose Pagoda,The Zhaozhou Brige,Colosseum,The ancient pyramids of Egypt,Milan Cathedral,Masonry Structure,Advantages The use of material such as bricks and stones can increase the thermal mass of a building and can protect the building from fire. Most types of masonry typically wil

17、l not require painting and so can provide a structure with reduced life-cycle costs. Masonry structures can have a useful life of more than 500 years as compared to 30 to 100 for structures of steel or reinforced concrete.,Masonry Structure,Disadvantages,Masonry Structure,Mechanical modelling of mas

18、onry structures,From the point of view of material modelling, masonry is a special material of extreme mechanical properties (with a very high ratio between strength in compression and in tension), so that the applied loads do not diffuse as they do in elastic bodies, but tend to percolate along lines of high stiffness,06,Timber Structure,SIX,The structure that loads act on it are mainly beared by wood.,Tangs timber structure Nanzen-ji Temple（南禪寺）,Timber Structure,Tangs timber structure FouguangTemple（五臺(tái)山佛光寺）,Liao D