I摘要通過(guò)對(duì)第二屆全國(guó)大學(xué)生工程訓(xùn)練參賽作品“無(wú)碳重力勢(shì)能小車”的分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)小車在設(shè)計(jì)方面存在不足。為了改進(jìn)小車的不足之處，對(duì)小車的結(jié)構(gòu)部分進(jìn)行重新設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)每一階段的深入分析把設(shè)計(jì)盡可能向最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)靠攏。根據(jù)小車功能要求，把小車分為車架、原動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)、行走機(jī)構(gòu)、微調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)六個(gè)模塊，進(jìn)行模塊化設(shè)計(jì)。首先針對(duì)每一個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行多方案設(shè)計(jì)，通過(guò)綜合對(duì)比選擇出最優(yōu)的方案組合。確定的方案為：車架采用三角底板式、原動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)采用了錐形軸、傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)采用齒輪、轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)采用曲柄搖桿、行走機(jī)構(gòu)采用單輪驅(qū)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)差速、微調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)采用微調(diào)螺母。然后對(duì)方案進(jìn)行理論分析，綜合考慮零件材料性能、加工工藝等，進(jìn)而得出了小車的具體參數(shù)，和運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律。關(guān)鍵字：工程訓(xùn)練；參賽作品；重力勢(shì)能小車；IIAbstractBasedonthesecondnationalcollegeengineeringtrainingentriescarbon-freegravitationalpotentialenergycaranalysis.Findcartinthedesigndeficiencies.Inordertoimprovethedeficiencyofthetrolleycar,aportionofthestructureredesign.Througheachphaseofthein-depthanalysisofthedesignaspossibletomoveclosertooptimaldesign.Accordingtothefunctionalrequirementsofthetrolleycar,dividedintoframe,drivingmechanism,atransmissionmechanism,asteeringmechanism,awalkingmechanism,afineadjustmentmechanismofsixmodules,modulardesign.First,foreachmoduleperformsmultipledesign,throughcomprehensivecomparisonandchoosetheoptimalschemeofcombination.Determiningtheschemeare:framewithtriangularbottomplatetype,motivemechanismadoptsaconicalshaft,thedrivemechanismadoptsgear,steeringmechanismwithcrankrocker,walkingmechanismdrivenbyasinglewheeltoachievedifferential,finetuningmechanismbyfineadjustmentnut.Thentheschemetheoryanalysis,consideringthepartsandmaterialsproperties,processingtechnology,andthenthespecificparameters,andmovementrules.Keywords:engineeringtraining；entries；gravitationalpotentialenergy；III目錄摘要.IAbstract.II第1章緒論.11.1小車功能設(shè)計(jì)要求.11.2小車的設(shè)計(jì)方法.1第2章方案設(shè)計(jì).22.1重塊支架.32.2原動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu).32.3傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu).42.4轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu).52.5行走機(jī)構(gòu).62.6微調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu).7第3章技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì).83.1影響小車性能主要因素的分析.83.1.1能耗規(guī)律分析.83.1.2運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析.103.1.3動(dòng)力學(xué)分析.14第4章典型零件的設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度校核.164.1主動(dòng)齒輪的設(shè)計(jì).164.2主動(dòng)齒輪的強(qiáng)度校核.174.2.1齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.17第五章典型零件加工工藝的分析及編寫.205.1驅(qū)動(dòng)軸加工工藝分析.205.1.1零件結(jié)構(gòu)及其工藝性分析.205.1.2零件技術(shù)要求分析.205.2驅(qū)動(dòng)軸加工工藝編寫.21結(jié)論.22致謝.23附錄.24參考文獻(xiàn).299IVCatalogChineseabstract.IAbstract.IIFirstchapterIntroduction.41.1Carfunctionaldesignrepuirements.41.2Cardesignmethod.4ThesecondchapterSchemedesign.22.1Aheavyblockbracket.32.2Drivingmechanism.32.3Transmissionmechansim.42.4Steeringmechansim.52.5Walkingmechansim.6ThethirdchapterTechnicaldesign.73.1Analysisofthefactorsaffectingtheperformancecar.83.1.1Energydissipationanalysis.83.1.2Kinematicanalysis.83.1.3Dynamicsanalysis.14ThefourthchapterTypicalpartdesginandstrengthcheck.164.1Drivinggeardesgin.164.2Drivinggearstrength.173.1.3Dynamicsanalysis.17ThefifthchapterTypicalpartmachininganalysispreparationof.205.1Driveshaftprocessingtechnologyanalysis.205.1.1Partsofthestructureandprocessanalysis.205.1.2Technicalrequirementsof.205.2Driveaxleprocessingpreparation.21Conclusion.22Thank.23Appendix.24Reference.291第1章緒論1.1小車功能設(shè)計(jì)要求給定一重力勢(shì)能，根據(jù)能量轉(zhuǎn)換原理，設(shè)計(jì)一種可將該重力勢(shì)能轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械能并可用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)小車行走的裝置。該自行小車在前行時(shí)能夠自動(dòng)避開賽道上設(shè)置的障礙物（每間隔1米，放置一個(gè)直徑20mm、高200mm的彈性障礙圓棒）。以小車前行距離的遠(yuǎn)近、以及避開障礙的多少來(lái)綜合評(píng)定成績(jī)。給定重力勢(shì)能為5焦耳（取g=10m/s2），競(jìng)賽時(shí)統(tǒng)一用質(zhì)量為1kg的重塊（5065mm，普通碳鋼）鉛垂下降來(lái)獲得，落差5002mm，重塊落下后，須被小車承載并同小車一起運(yùn)動(dòng)，不允許掉落。要求小車前行過(guò)程中完成的所有動(dòng)作所需的能量均由此能量轉(zhuǎn)換獲得，不可使用任何其他的能量形式。小車要求采用三輪結(jié)構(gòu)（1個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)向輪，2個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪），具體結(jié)構(gòu)造型以及材料選用均由參賽者自主設(shè)計(jì)完成。要求滿足：小車上面要裝載一件外形尺寸為6020mm的實(shí)心圓柱型鋼制質(zhì)量塊作為載荷，其質(zhì)量應(yīng)不小于750克；在小車行走過(guò)程中，載荷不