Unit Five Section A 優(yōu)雅的雙手我從未見過(guò)克拉克夫人，但看過(guò)她的醫(yī)療記錄和上一位值班醫(yī)生交給我的報(bào)告后，我知道她今晚會(huì)去世。她屋里唯一的光線來(lái)自一臺(tái)醫(yī)療設(shè)備，它閃著紅光，似乎在發(fā)出警告。我站在那里，一股怪味刺激著我的鼻子，我想起了過(guò)去聞到過(guò)的腐爛的氣味，我閉上了眼睛。我嘴里有一股從胃里返上來(lái)的酸味。我伸手去開燈。燈靜靜地照亮了整個(gè)病房，我走回病床邊，用無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的、醫(yī)生的目光觀察著病人?？死朔蛉艘蜒傺僖幌⒘?。她一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地躺著：骨瘦如柴的身體使她的頭顯得特別大；皮膚呈暗黃色，松松地裹在嶙峋的、連毛毯也遮掩不住的骨骼上；她的右臂平伸在床邊，被無(wú)情地用膠帶固定在一塊板上，以便能固定針頭使液體滴入；左臂橫放在深陷的胸部，胸口隨著不均勻的呼吸一起一伏。我伸手去觸摸她放在胸口的細(xì)長(zhǎng)手指。冰涼冰涼的。我忙將手移到她的手腕，去感覺那微弱的脈搏?？死朔蛉藢㈩^稍稍轉(zhuǎn)向我，微微地睜開眼。我俯過(guò)身去，勉強(qiáng)聽見她微弱的聲音：“水?！蔽覐淖郎夏闷鹨槐檬种阜庵艿囊欢?，滴了幾滴涼涼的水到她的嘴里，以緩解她的干渴。她沒有用力去吞咽，因?yàn)榱獠粔颉?“還要，”那干澀的聲音說(shuō)。于是我們又重復(fù)了一次。這次她終于咽了一些，并輕輕說(shuō)了聲：“謝謝，你?！彼撊醯脹]法交談，因此沒等她要求，我就開始做她所需要的。我像抱孩子似的把她抱起來(lái)，給她翻了個(gè)身。除了一件淺色的病號(hào)服，她什么也沒穿。她又小又輕，像遭受了嚴(yán)重饑荒一樣。我打開護(hù)膚霜的瓶蓋，揩了一些在手心。為了不傷著她，我小心翼翼地把護(hù)膚霜擦在她發(fā)黃的皮膚上。她的皮膚松松地在骨頭上滑動(dòng)，背上每塊骨頭的輪廓都能清楚地摸到。當(dāng)我把枕頭放在她兩腿之間時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們也是冰涼的，直到把手移到她膝蓋以上的部位，我才感受到血液供給生命的熱度。而后，我挪了把椅子面朝她坐在床邊，握住她那只沒被固定的手，此時(shí)我又一次注意到她細(xì)長(zhǎng)的手指。很優(yōu)雅。一時(shí)間，我突然想知道她是否有家庭，接著我發(fā)現(xiàn)病房里沒有花，沒有孩子們畫的彩虹和蝴蝶，也沒有卡片。房間中沒有任何跡象表明她是一個(gè)被人愛著的人。她似乎讀懂了我的心思，平靜地回答我說(shuō)：“今天我讓家里人都回家不想他們看見”她耗盡了最后的那點(diǎn)力氣，再也說(shuō)不下去了。但我已然明白她做了些什么。我不知道說(shuō)什么好，所以什么也沒說(shuō)。她好像又看穿了我的心思：“你留下”時(shí)間似乎停滯了。在一片寂靜中，我感覺自己的脈搏加快了，我聽到自己的呼吸開始伴隨著她那不均勻的呼吸一起一落。我們互相對(duì)視，不知怎么的，我們都意識(shí)到，這是兩個(gè)生命間的一個(gè)特殊時(shí)刻。她那細(xì)長(zhǎng)的手指很輕易地就攏住了我的手，我微笑著慢慢點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。無(wú)需任何語(yǔ)言，我從她發(fā)黃的眼睛中感受到了她對(duì)我的謝意，她慢慢閉上了眼睛。不知過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，她又睜開了雙眼，只是這一次目光里沒有任何反應(yīng)，只有空洞的凝視。沒有一點(diǎn)先兆，她那細(xì)弱的呼吸停止了。很快，微弱的脈搏也消失了。一顆淚珠從她的左眼中流出，滑過(guò)臉頰，落在枕上。我開始輕聲哭泣。對(duì)這位迅速走進(jìn)又走出我生活的陌生人，我心間涌起了一股感情。她的痛苦結(jié)束了，可她的生命也結(jié)束了。我依然握著她的手，漸漸地，我意識(shí)到我并不害怕這種感情之戰(zhàn)，意識(shí)到這實(shí)際是她賜予我的特殊榮幸，而且我還樂意再來(lái)一次?？死朔蛉藳]有讓她的家人目睹這一幕他們或許無(wú)力面對(duì)的人生插曲，卻與我分享了它。她不想讓家人看著她死去，然而她也不愿孤獨(dú)地離去。不應(yīng)當(dāng)有人孤獨(dú)離去的，我很高興能守候在她身邊。兩天后，我在報(bào)上讀到了克拉克夫人的消息。原來(lái)她是7個(gè)孩子的母親、18個(gè)孩子的祖母、教會(huì)里的活躍分子、社區(qū)志愿者協(xié)會(huì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人、音樂會(huì)鋼琴演奏家、從教30余年的鋼琴教師。是啊，她的手指是那樣細(xì)長(zhǎng)而優(yōu)雅。Section B 充滿愛心的決策假設(shè)你90歲的母親最近得了中風(fēng)。她是個(gè)慣用右手的人，如今卻不能移動(dòng)她的右胳膊和右腿對(duì)她而言，它們已沒有用了。她雖然還可以發(fā)出聲音，卻無(wú)法讓人明白她的意思。這種狀況持續(xù)了兩個(gè)月，因?yàn)橐恢睕]有好轉(zhuǎn)的跡象，醫(yī)生告訴你她可能永遠(yuǎn)也不能康復(fù)了。在此之前，你的母親一直健康活躍，生活自理，獨(dú)自居住。如今她卻要完全依賴他人了。而后，X光透視顯示，你母親肺部受到感染，這是中風(fēng)病人的常見病癥。于是醫(yī)生給你打電話，因?yàn)槟闶撬ㄒ辉谑赖挠H人。 “我們可以用藥物治療感染，一周后她可能會(huì)好起來(lái)”他說(shuō)，“我說(shuō)好起來(lái)，是指她會(huì)保持她感染前的狀況直到出現(xiàn)某種別的病菌?；蛘?，我可以停止給她用藥，這樣一來(lái)，她可能三四天后就會(huì)去世。我們可以讓她舒服地度過(guò)這幾天，辦法是給她用止疼片和安眠藥。你希望我采用哪一種方法？”這是個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題，對(duì)不對(duì)？ 一方面，你不忍心看著自己一度精力充沛的母親活在因中風(fēng)而變得痛苦而有限的生命里。另一方面，你又不愿讓母親坐以待斃。我來(lái)告訴你我在這種假想的情況下會(huì)怎么做。我會(huì)說(shuō)：“不要給她服用任何抗感染的藥物了。要讓她舒服，然后看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況。也許她會(huì)自己克服感染。如果不能，那她也會(huì)死得安詳。我不愿擔(dān)當(dāng)硬讓自己的母親活受罪的責(zé)任?！蔽抑阅茏龀鲞@樣的決定，是因?yàn)槲叶啻闻龅竭@樣的病人。最近，我給一位80歲的患肝癌的婦女動(dòng)過(guò)手術(shù)，但沒有成功。對(duì)緩解癌癥導(dǎo)致的問(wèn)題我無(wú)計(jì)可施。她是個(gè)聰明女人，沒有任何直系親屬。手術(shù)后幾天，我坐在她身邊給她解釋了當(dāng)時(shí)的情況。 “我可以給你用一些抗癌藥，”我說(shuō)，“但是它們會(huì)讓你難受，而且還治不好你的病。同樣，我也可以在你手臂上插上針管，給你輸液，這可以讓你在食欲漸漸消退時(shí)不覺得饑餓；輸液可能讓你的生命延長(zhǎng)一至兩周?；蛘?，我可以撤消所有的治療，只給你吃維他命，然后再看看有什么效果。我個(gè)人建議你選最后一種方案。我會(huì)讓你沒有痛苦，然后看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么事?！辈∪诉x擇了聽從我的建議。兩周后，她安詳?shù)?、毫無(wú)痛苦地離世了。而有時(shí)，要做出如此顯而易見的決定卻很困難。最近，我有一個(gè)病人嚴(yán)重中風(fēng)。他完全動(dòng)彈不得，而且不能吞咽任何東西。頭兩個(gè)禮拜我們給他輸液，后來(lái)又通過(guò)一根導(dǎo)管將食物從他的鼻子輸送到他的胃里。三周后，他依舊昏迷不醒，而導(dǎo)管使他的喉嚨經(jīng)常疼痛。我與他的四個(gè)成年孩子商量，告訴他們我認(rèn)為該把一根導(dǎo)管通過(guò)一個(gè)小洞直接插進(jìn)他的胃里，這樣喂食他就不會(huì)那么痛苦。我還告訴他們說(shuō)：“我可以把導(dǎo)管拿掉，就讓他吃些他能吃得下的東西。有可能他活不長(zhǎng)久，但他不會(huì)太痛苦?！睕]有人愿意承擔(dān)允許施行手術(shù)的責(zé)任，也沒有人愿意允許完全停止給病人進(jìn)食。結(jié)果，可憐的老人又多活了近三個(gè)月，喉嚨依然疼痛不已，嘴里也因疼痛而經(jīng)常出血。他死于嚴(yán)重感染 一種令人悲痛的死法。那么，作為負(fù)責(zé)任的人，在需要做出這樣大的決定時(shí)該怎么辦呢？歸根到底是個(gè)常識(shí)問(wèn)題。在我行醫(yī)的30年里，以及在這之前的數(shù)百年里，醫(yī)生和病人家屬一直合作默契，共同決定在疾病的最后階段怎么做才對(duì)病人最好。有95的病例，在恰當(dāng)磋商之后，都能做出人道而合理的決定。另外的5不能立即達(dá)成這樣的決議。遇上這種病例，做上幾天或數(shù)周的基本治療，觀察病人的進(jìn)展之后，正確的決定就一目了然了。在此我警告一句。不論是家屬還是醫(yī)生，他們都不愿做出生死攸關(guān)的決定?？墒呛翢o(wú)疑問(wèn)，如果任何一方堅(jiān)持要有所謂“中立”的第三方（通常是政府代表或者職業(yè)律師）介入，那不但會(huì)拖長(zhǎng)決策過(guò)程，而且在很多時(shí)候，決策還會(huì)更加武斷、更不人道。我們?cè)噲D避免的就是中立。唯一有權(quán)做出決定的，是那些非常熟悉病人、能將病人的利益放在首位的人。如果有一個(gè)地方應(yīng)該禁止律師和政府官員的干涉，那就是危在旦夕的病人的房間。Key to exercises Section AIII1. switch 2. decay 3. secured 4. loose 5. slid 6. privileges 7. interval 8. outline 9. preceding 10. shallow *11. naked 12. emotions 13. hints 14. Association 15. drippingIV 1. reached for 2. feel for 3. trying to avoid breathing 4. so that 5. managed to accomplish 6. sense my thoughts 7. provide for 8. spared me 9. read about 10. go aboutV 1.N 2.I 3.K 4.G 5.M 6.L 7.A 8.F 9.C 10.DVI1.pain 2.fear 3.tension 4.mind 5.stress 6.crisis 7.anger 8.anxiety 9.signs 10.hungerVII1. growth: the act of growing or developing; physical or natural development2. warmth: the state or quality of being warm; warm-heartedness and kindness3. depth: the distance from the top to the bottom of something4. truth: the state or quality of being true; the actual facts or reality of something5. length: the measurement of how long something is in size6. breadth: the distance from one side of something to the other7. width: the distance from one side of something to the other; the quality of being wide8. death: the state of being deadVIII1.exposure 2.failures 3.disclosure 4.pressure 5.mountaineers 6.closure 7.profiteers 8.seizureIX 1. did he realize that the task was a little too difficult for the new secretary to finish on her own.2. did Mary stop weeping.3. will all the employees know the result of their performance evaluation.4. did she become aware how hard it was for her mother to have brought up her sister and her on her own. 5. did I get to know what happened in the end to the main characters.X 1. Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desk, stretching themselves.2. The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a speech for the President.3. Seeing no prospect of success, we quitted the attempt to climb the mountain.4. Knowing that they were going traveling, the students began to make preparation.5. Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe sentence by the judge.XI1. Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her.2. Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam.3. Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive.4. The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.5. These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.6. He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotels number.XII1. 直到 60 年代早期，人們似乎才普遍認(rèn)同英國(guó)不再是以前心目中那樣的大國(guó)了。2. 在決定了租房之后，我們便著手與市內(nèi)所有的房屋代理商聯(lián)系。3. 我小心翼翼地替她擦身子，盡量避免弄疼她，因?yàn)樗莸闹皇Ｆぐ橇恕?. 我心間對(duì)這位老人涌起了一股感情。他那暗黃的皮膚松弛地裹在顯得異常大的骨頭上，深陷的胸部隨著不均勻的呼吸一起一伏。 5. 你在報(bào)上讀到那位著名畫家的消息了嗎？他實(shí)際上是為了要成為視覺藝術(shù)大師的抱負(fù)而累死的。 6. 有跡象表明，這位老太太想孤獨(dú)地離開人世，不讓她的家人看到他們或許無(wú)力面對(duì)的人生插曲。 XIII1 B 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 D 6 B 7 D 8 A 9 C 10 A 11 C 12 A 13 C 14 B 15 A 16 D 17 D 18 A 19 B 20 AX V. To many people, a cowboy is a fantastic hero. A cowboy is a tall and strong man, wearing cowboy hat and boots, riding a horse and with guns around his waist. He remains alert to everything around him all the time. When danger is around, he never fails to sense or detect it, and he is always brave to face the danger. A cowboy is a skilled horseman and good gunman. He is a hero who helps the good people while punishing the bad. He seems like a superman who appears where he is needed. A cowboy does whats right and refuses money for his good actions, because he does not care about money. What he cares about is doing justice.Section B.1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9. C 10.A.1. She is right-handed, and now she is unable to move her right arm and legthey are worthless to her.2. Now she is completely relying on others3. We can make those days comfortable by giving her painkillers and sleeping pills.4. “I dont want to bear responsibility for condemning my mother to a living hell.”5. Recently I operated in vain on an eighty-year-old woman with cancer of the liver.6. As a result, the poor man continued on for nearly three more months with a painful throat and frequent bleeding caused by sores in the mouth.7. In 95 percent of the cases a sympathetic, reasonable decision can be made after appropriate discussion.8. What we are trying to avoid is neutrality; the only people with any qualification to decide are those who know the patient closely and can put his or her interests first.1.permission 2.inserted 3.necessities 4.relieve 5.withdraw 6.arbitrary 7.phase 8.elected 9.transparent 10.cooperate *11.profession 12.sympathetic 13.qualifications 14. intimate（*該部分為網(wǎng)上補(bǔ)充練習(xí)答案）.1. Her voice was beginning to tremble and she tried to control it but in vain.2. Jennifer was late for class the other day as a result of the heavy snow.3. Th