淺析Access2007關系型數據庫 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)設計（文獻翻譯） 第9頁 英文譯文淺析Access 2007關系型數據庫Paul Morrison Access 2007關系型數據庫管理系統是Microsoft公司的Office辦公自動化軟件的一個組成部分。它可以有效地組織、管理和共享數據庫的信息，并將數據庫信息與Web結合在一起并通過Internet共享數據庫信息提供了基礎平臺。隨著信息技術的發(fā)展，信息技術平臺的選擇常常是建立或重新建立應用系統時的關鍵問題，而數據庫正是其中需要做出選擇的關鍵平臺。Access2007作為一種關系型數據庫管理系統，是中小型信息管理系統的理想開發(fā)環(huán)境，在當前數據庫領域，已有越來越多的人使用。它是一個功能強大的數據庫管理系統的MIS系統開發(fā)工具。Access2007 就是關系數據庫開發(fā)工具，數據庫能匯集各種信息以供查詢、存儲和檢索。Access2007 的優(yōu)點在于它能使用數據表示圖或自定義窗體收集信息。數據表示圖提供了一種類似于 Excel 的電子表格，可以使數據庫一目了然。另外，Access2007允許創(chuàng)建自定義報表用于打印或輸出數據庫中的信息關鍵詞：關系型數據，Access 2007譯文：在Office的家族成員當中，人們最初對于Access2007的了解，往往只是局限在它的操作界面中，對于數據庫的管理功能仍然只是停留在建立數據表、數據的輸入、使用窗體向導、使用報表向導、數據訪問的向導等一些相對比較簡單的應用上面。其實Access2007的功能非常強大，而且超乎你的想象。它是微軟自發(fā)布Access以來功能最全面、與Windows和Internet結合最密切的數據庫軟件，是一個功能非常強大，且簡單易用的數據庫管理系統（DBMS），就是對數據庫進行存儲、管理和處理的系統。Access2007數據庫管理系統是Microsoft公司的Office辦公自動化軟件的一個組成部分。它可以有效地組織、管理和共享數據庫的信息，并且將數據庫的信息與Web結合在一起，并通過Internet共享數據信息提供了基礎的平臺。伴隨著信息技術的發(fā)展，信息技術平臺的選擇往往是建立或者是重新建立應用系統的重要問題，而數據庫正是它們要做出選擇的關鍵平臺。Access2007是一種關系型數據庫管理系統，是中小型企業(yè)管理系統的最理想的開發(fā)環(huán)境，在當前的數據庫領域，已經有越來越多的人在使用。它是一個功能非常強大的數據庫管理系統的MIS系統開發(fā)工具。數據庫是存儲在一起的相關數據的集合，這些數據是結構化的，數據庫是一種用來存儲數據并且對數據進行管理的工具。數據庫的作用就在于組織和表達信息，簡單來說，數據庫就是不同信息的集合。計算機的數據庫可以分為兩大類：非關系型的數據庫（flat-file）和關系型的數據庫（relational）。關系型的數據庫中包含了多個數據表的信息，數據庫含有各個不同部分的術語，像記錄等。關系型的數據庫管理系統曾經處于技術主流而且獨領風騷，但是這種傳統的數據庫管理系統因為采用了兩維的數據模型，而且存在著本身固有的約束和限制。難以適應現在迅速變化的業(yè)務需求，以及新技術的發(fā)展。信息技術的飛速發(fā)展，數據處理不僅在數量上需要越來越大，而且在質量上也要求越來越高，數據庫所管理的數據已經發(fā)生了根本上的變化。這樣一個變化給數據庫技術帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，數據庫管理的對象已經不再局限于文本數據等一些簡單的數據類型，而是需要描述和保存大量多媒體非結構化的復雜數據，以及數據之間的關系。 另外，隨著熱門網站訪問數量的逐漸增加，對數據庫本身的存儲機制、大量并發(fā)用戶的使用需求、存儲空間的使用效率、以及數據的完整性和安全性等方面都提出了更高的要求。而這些都不是傳統關系數據庫中，用二維表簡單結構就可以滿足需要的。 Access2007 就是關系型的數據庫開發(fā)工具，數據庫能夠匯集各種信息以供查詢、存儲和檢索。Access2007 的優(yōu)點在于它能使用數據表示圖或自定義窗體來收集信息。數據表示圖提供了一種類似于 Excel 的電子表格，可以使數據一目了然。Access2007也提供了數據儲存庫，可以使用桌面數據庫文件把數據庫文件置于網絡文件服務器中，與其他網絡用戶共享數據庫。Access2007 是一種關系型的數據庫工具，關系數據庫是已經開發(fā)的最常用的數據庫之一。綜上所述，Access2007作為關系型的數據庫開發(fā)具備了很多優(yōu)點，可以在一個數據包中同時擁有桌面數據庫的便利和關系型的數據庫的強大功能。在Access2007中，用戶具有的數據庫訪問權限有兩種類型：顯式權限和隱式權限。顯式權限是指直接賦予某一用戶賬號的權限，這是該用戶賬號專用的，與其他用戶無關。隱式權限是指授予組賬號的權限，即用戶加入到該組中的同時被賦予的組的權限。假如一個用戶同時具有上面兩種權限，當該用戶對設置了安全性的數據庫進行訪問時，那么，他所具有的權限就是兩種權限的交集。在Access數據庫中，對組和用戶訪問數據庫權限的設置工作，只能通過管理員來完成。設置的權限包括：“打開/運行”，讀取設計、修改設計、管理、讀取數據，更新數據、插入數據和刪除數據。關系型數據庫管理系統本身固有的局限性，表現在以下三個方面： 關系數據庫所采用的兩維表數據模型，不能有效地處理在大多數事務處理應用中，典型存在的多維數據。其不可避免的結果是，在復雜方式下，相互作用表的數量激增，而且還不能很好地提供模擬現實數據關系的模型。關系型的數據庫由于它所用數據模型比較多，還可能會造成存儲空間的海量增加和大量的浪費，并且還會導致系統的響應性能不斷的下降。并且，在現實數據中，有許多類型是關系型的數據庫不能較好地處理的。偽靜態(tài)的應用例如報表的生成，而設計的關系型數據庫管理系統，并沒有經過針對高效事務處理而進行的優(yōu)化過程。其結果通常是某些關系型數據庫產品，在對GUI和Web的事務處理過程中，沒有達到預期的效果。除非增加更多的硬件投資，但這不能從根本上解決問題。 用關系型的數據庫的兩維表數據模型，可以處理在大多數事務處理應用中的典型多維數據，但它的結果通常是建立和使用大量的數據表格，仍然很難建立起能夠模擬現實世界的數據模型。并且在數據需要作報表輸出的時候，又要反過來將已經分散設置的大量的兩維數據表，再利用索引的技術進行表的連接后，才能找到我們所需要的數據，而這又將會影響到應用系統的響應速度。 關系型的數據庫在目前是各類數據庫中最重要、最流行的數據庫。關系型的數據庫系統支持關系模型的數據庫系統，關系模型由關系數據結構、關系操作集合和完整性約束三部分組成。Access2007是Office2007中文版的組件之一。與以前的Access版本相比，Access2007不僅界面更加友好，而且功能也有了加強，尤其是網絡功能有明顯的提高，使Access2007與互聯網的結合更加密切。Access2007是一個中、小型數據庫管理系統，使用非常方便、功能非常強大，與其它的數據庫有良好的接口。通過Access2007功能強大的工具，用戶可以方便的使用和管理數據庫，如創(chuàng)建和編輯數據表、設計和使用各種查詢工具進行查詢操作、設計和使用窗體、制作和打印報表、設計和使用宏設計和使用Web頁等。還可使用Visual Basic6.0A（Visual Basic6.0 for Application）開發(fā)高級應用程序。Access2007具有完整的數據庫應用開發(fā)工具，用戶可以方便的設計、修改、瀏覽一條記錄數據的基本表；可以在表數據中進行各種篩選和查詢操作；可以設計和使用各種窗體以實現數據顯示和操作；可以根據表數據設計打印各種報表；可以設計和使用宏，對表進行一系列特定的操作。Access2007內有強大的操作向導，為用戶提供了豐富的數據庫基本表模板。用戶只需要簡單的操作就可建立數據庫中所使用的各種基本表、窗體和報表。在Access2007中，可以設定、修改基本表之間的關聯，從而實現在多個相關表之間的關系查詢。 Access2007中的宏可以實現操作的自動化，使操作更加簡單、快捷。 Access2007增強了網絡功能，用戶可以輕松自如地完成網頁發(fā)布等。Access2007不僅可以處理自身的數據庫文件，還可以處理其它一些數據庫系統管理軟件所建立的數據庫文件，能識別Base、FoxBASE、FoxPro、Paradox等數據庫格式文件，并且支持開放式數據庫互連性標準（ODBC）的SQL。Access2007能與工作站、數據庫服務器或主機上的各種數據庫互相連接，并可用于建立客戶/服務器應用程序中的工作站部分。 與其它的關系型數據庫管理系統相比，Access2007具有以下優(yōu)點：存儲文件單一。Access2007的一個數據庫文件中包含了該數據庫中的全部數據表、查詢、窗體、報表等所有數據，易于管理。支持長文件名，并且可以在文件名里面加空格，使文件便于理解、查找。具有強大的網絡功能，可以通過網絡來傳送數據。使用簡單，用戶無需要了解編程語言，就可以輕松地設計和開發(fā)數據庫應用程序。還可以處理多種數據信息，比如文本文件和其它數據庫文件。摘自：保羅莫里森.數據庫安全M.英國：薩姆斯出版社出版，2002附:英文原文Access 2007 Relational DatabasePaul MorrisonMembers of the Office family, the people of Access2007 understanding, often limited in its interface, for the database management function is still at the establishment table, data entry, Use Form guide Reporting Wizard, Data Access2007Page Wizard and other simple applications. In fact, the functions of the Access2007 is a powerful and beyond your imagination. It is released from Microsoft Access2007functions since most comprehensive, Windows and the Internet more closely with the database software, is a very powerful, and simple, easy-to-use database management system (DBMS) that the database storage, processing and management system. Access2007 relational database management system is Microsoft Office Public automation software as an integral part. It can effectively organize, manage and share the information in the database, and database information with the Web together. Through the Internet to share database information with the basic platform. With the development of information technology. Information technology platform is often the choice of establishing or re-establishing applications of the key issues, the database is part of the need to make a choice as a key platform. Access2007 as a relational database management system small and medium- sized information management system ideal development environment, the current database in the field, there are more and more people use. It is a powerful database management system MIS development tools. The database is stored together a collection of relevant data, the data is structured. The database is a data storage and data operation of the tool. The role of the database is to organize and present information, in short, the database is a collection of information. Computer database can be divided into two categories: non-relational database (flat-) and relational database (relational). Relational database contains a number of data tables, databases containing various parts of the terminology, like records. Relational database management system has the technological dominance of the mainstream, but this traditional database management systems by using two-dimensional data model, and there are inherent limitations and restrictions. It difficult to adapt to todays rapidly changing business needs, and the development of new technologies. With the rapid IT development, data processing, not only in quantity increasingly demanding, but also the quality of increasingly high demand, database management data has been a fundamental change. This change to the database technology has brought tremendous challenges, Object database management is no longer limited to text data and other simple data types. And the description and the need to preserve a lot of complex unstructured multimedia data, and the relationship between the data. Furthermore, in the wake of popular websites surge in the number of visits to its own database storage mechanism, a large number of concurrent users to the demand, storage efficiency in the use of space, and data integrity and security, and other aspects of higher demand. These are not traditional relational database, the use of a simple two-dimensional table structure of the meet. Access2007 is the relational database development tools, database pooling information for the inquiry, Storage and retrieval. Access2007 the advantage lies in its ability to use data map or custom windows to collect information. Data provides a map similar to the Excel spreadsheet, database transparent. In addition, the Access2007 allows creation of custom statements to print or export the information in the database. Access2007 also provides a data repository. Can use desktop database file to extend the database file at the network file server and other network users to share databases? Access2007 is a relational database tools, database development, is the most common databases. As noted above, as an Access2007 database development possesses many advantages, in a data packet available at the same time facilitate the desktop database and a powerful relational database functions.In Access2007, with the user database access permissions are two types: Explicit and implicit powers authority. Explicit authority is granted a direct user account competence, which is the exclusive use of user accounts, has nothing to do with other users. Implicit authority is delegated the authority group account, the user added to the group was given by the groups mandate. If a user with the same time these two powers, the right set of user security database for a visit, then He had such authority is the intersection of the two powers. The Access20072007database, the group of users access to the database and the authority set up work, completed only through the administrator. Set up the authority include: Open/Run, read design, design modifications, management, read data, update data insertion and deletion of data. Relational database management system inherent limitations in the following three aspects: Relational database used in the two-dimensional table data model, can not effectively handle the majority of business applications, Typical of multidimensional data. Its inevitable result is that in complex ways, the interaction of the dramatic increase in the number of tables, not very good but also to provide realistic simulation of the data model. Relational database as they use more data model, which might lead to a massive storage space and wasting a lot of increase, and cause the system to respond to the declining performance. Furthermore, the data in reality, there are many types of relational database is not well addressed. Static applications such as report generation, and the design of the relational database management system after no response and efficient business processing for the optimization process. The result is often some relational database products, in the GUI and Web Services processing, not achieved the desired results. Unless additional hardware investment, but it does not resolve the fundamental problem. Relations with the two-dimensional database table data model can deal with the majority of business application of a typical multi- dimensional data, but the results are often the establishment and use of a large amount of data forms, it is difficult to establish a simulation of real-world data model. And the need for data output statements when they, in turn, would have dispersed the large number of two-dimensional data tables. Reuse indexing technology linking the table in order to find all the necessary data, this, in turn, is bound to affect the use of the response speed. Database various databases is currently the most important and the most popular database. Relational database system to support the relational model of database systems, relationships between data model structure, relations operation and integrity constraint set is composed of three parts. Office Access2007 is the Chinese version of one of the components. Access2007 to the previous version, the Access2007 is not only a more friendly interface, but their functions have also been strengthened, especially network function was improved, Internet Access2007 so that it more closely connected. Access2007 is a small and medium-sized database management system, easy to use, powerful, and other databases have a good interface. Access2007 through powerful tool, users can facilitate the use and management of databases, such as the creation and editing of data tables, design and the use of various tools inquiries query operation, design and the use of windows, production and printing statements, the design and use of Acer, the design and use of such Web pages. May also be used in Visual Basic6.0A(Visual Basic6.0 for Application)Advanced Application Development procedures. Access2007 is a complete database application development tool, the user can design, modify, View a record of the basic data table; in the table data for various screen and query operation; design and use of Window to achieve data and operations; Data tables can design various print statements; design and use of Acer, a series of tables for specific operations. Access2007 with a strong operational guide, and to provide users with a rich database table basic template. Users only need a simple database operations can be established by using the basic form, Form and statements. In Access2007, can be set, to alter the basic correlation between the tables, thus achieving a number of related tables in the relationship between the inquiries. Access2007-The