1， 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含義非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞），即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。2， 形式功能1， 動(dòng)詞不定式： to do We plan to pay a visit. 我們計(jì)劃去參觀。He wants to be an artist. 他想成為一個(gè)藝術(shù)家。不定式在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?） 作主語(yǔ)：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很難的。To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味著失敗動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很難的。It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味著失敗。常用句式有：1、It takes sb.+some time+to do2、It+is+adj.+of sb +to do 形容詞常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise（2） 作表語(yǔ)：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打掃大廳。He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。（3） 作賓語(yǔ)：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞后面加to do的有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer（4） 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： 如下動(dòng)詞常接雙賓語(yǔ)：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.注：有些動(dòng)詞如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加to,如：I saw him cross the road. 我看見(jiàn)他橫過(guò)公路。He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看見(jiàn)橫過(guò)公路。2， 動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。 動(dòng)名詞的形式：V.-ing否定式：not + 動(dòng)名詞Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 （一般式）He came to the party without being invited他未被邀請(qǐng)就來(lái)到了晚會(huì)。（被動(dòng)式）We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過(guò)這部電影。（完成式）He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過(guò)。（完成被動(dòng)式）I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒(méi)聽(tīng)他的勸告。（否定式）如下動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免），excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承認(rèn)），deny（否認(rèn)），mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒險(xiǎn)），appreciate（感激），be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,cant help（情不自禁地），think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keep from,stop（from），protectfrom,set about,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on,feel like3， 分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞：基本形式是doing過(guò)去分詞：基本形式是done（1） 表示主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)的概念 表示“令人.的”，用現(xiàn)在分詞； 表示“感到.的”或“受到.的”，用過(guò)去分詞。例：The competition is quite exciting. He was excited when he heard the news.（2） 表示“正在.的”或“即將.的”，用現(xiàn)在分詞； 表示“已經(jīng).的”，用過(guò)去分詞。例：The retiring teacher walked into the classroom. The retired soldier died last month.練習(xí)：1， They dont allow people here.A. smoke B.to smoke C.smoking D.to smoking2， on the sofa, my father was reading the newspaper.A. Sat B.Seat C.To sit D.Sitting3,Peter is, , a walking dictionary.A. so to tell B.to say so C.so to speak D.so to talk4,I wont consider my job at this time.A. quit B.to quit C.quitting D.to quitting5,Youd better have that bad tooth outA. pull B.to pull C.to be pulled D.pulled6,It is necessary that work today.A. to him to do B.of him to do C.for him to do D.of him doing7. It is very kind so.A. for you to do B.of you to do C.to you to do D.for you doing8,Strictly , your writing is poor.A. speak B.to speak C.speaking D.spoken9, with his sisters grades, his grades are not so good.A. Compare B.Compared C.Comparing D.By comparing10,I meant you, but I forgot.A. to say B.saying C.to tell D.telling11,Your idea, although quite good, needs out.A. try B.to try C.trying D.being tried 12,The boy stood at the sight of blood.A. horrified B.horrible C.to horrify D.horrifying13,Does anyone Mark live here?A. call B.called C.to call D.calling14,She knelt down before him, with tears down her