附錄附錄1NCtechnologyandequipment,trendsandcountermeasures-AlexanderLudwigAbstract:ThispaperdescribesthecurrentworldNCtechnologyandequipmentandthedevelopmenttrendofChinasCNCequipmentandtechnologydevelopmentandindustrializationofthestatusquo,basedonthisdiscussioninChinasWTOaccessionandopeningupfurtherdeepenunderthenewcircumstances,thedevelopmentofChinaNCtechnologyandequipment,andenhancethecountrysinformationindustryandthelevelofinternationalcompetitivenessoftheimportanceofstrategyandtacticsfromthetwodimensionsofthedevelopmentofChinastechnologyandequipmentNCViewpoints.Industrialequipmentofthetechnologicallevelanddegreeofmodernizationofthenationaleconomyasawholeisdeterminedbythelevelanddegreeofmodernization,NCtechnologyandequipmentisthedevelopmentofnewhigh-techindustriesandcutting-edgeindustries(suchasinformationtechnologyandrelatedindustries,biotechnologyandrelatedindustries,aviation,aerospaceandotherdefenseindustrial)enablingtechnologyandthemostbasicequipment.Marxoncesaidthatthedifferencebetweenvariouseconomictimes,whatisnotproduction,andproductionishow,whatlaborproduction.Manufacturingtechnologyandequipment,isthemostbasicofhumanactivitiesintheproductionofcapitalgoods,andnumericalcontroltechnologyistodaysadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyandequipment,thecoretechnology.TheworldtodaymanufacturingCNCtechnologywidelyusedtoenhancemanufacturingcapabilityandthelevelofincreaseonthedynamicabilitytoadapttochangingmarketandcompetitiveability.InadditiontotheworldsindustrializedcountrieswillNCNCtechnologyandequipmentasanationalstrategiccommodities,notonlytotakesignificantmeasurestodevelopitsownCNCtechnologyanditsindustries,butalsointhehigh-techkeytechnologyandequipmentNCaspectsoftheimplementationofChinaspolicyofclosuresandrestrictions.Inshort,vigorouslydevelopitsNCtechnologyasthecoreofadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyhasbecometheworldsleastdevelopedcountriestoaccelerateeconomicdevelopmentandenhancetheoverallnationalstrengthandanimportantwaytostatehood.NCtechnologyistheuseofdigitalinformationonthemechanicalmovementandtheworkprocesscontroltechnology,NCNCtechnologyequipmentistherepresentativeofnewtechnologiesontraditionalmanufacturingindustriesandnewmanufacturingformationoftheinfiltrationofelectromechanicalintegrationproducts,theso-calledDigitalequipment,anditstechnicalcoveringmanyareas:(1)MachineryManufacturingTechnology(2)informationprocessing,processing,transmissiontechnology,(3)automaticcontroltechnology,(4)servodrivetechnology；(5)sensortechnology；(6)softwaretechnology.1NCtechnologydevelopmenttrendsNCtechnologyapplicationsnotonlytothetraditionalmanufacturingsectorhasbroughtrevolutionarychangesinthemanufacturingindustryasasymbolofindustrialization,andalongwiththeconstantdevelopmentofNCtechnologyandtheexpansionoftheareaofapplication,hecomestosomeimportantsectors(IT,automobiles,lightindustry,healthcare,etc.),playinganincreasinglyimportantroleintheseindustriesbecauseofdigitalequipmentneededisthedevelopmentofthemoderntrend.JudgingfromthecurrentNCTechnologyandtheworldviewofthetrendofthedevelopmentofequipment,anditsmainresearchfocusinthefollowingareas14.1.1high-speed,high-technologyandequipmentfinishingthenewtrendEfficiency,andqualityisthemainbodyofadvancedmanufacturingtechnology.High-speed,high-finishingtechnologiescangreatlyimprovetheefficiency,improveproductqualityandgrades,shorteningtheproductioncycleandimprovemarketcompetitiveness.ForthisreasonJapanwilltipitstechnologyresearchasfiveofthemodernmanufacturingtechnology,andinternationalproductionEngineeringSociety(CIRP)willbeidentifiedasthecenterofthe21stcenturyoneoftheresearchdirections.Inthecarindustry,theannualproductionof300,000is40secondsbeats/units,andcarvarietyprocessingequipmentisthekeyproblemsmustbesolvedoneoftheaviationandaerospaceindustry,processingformorethanthin-walledpartsandthethinline,stiffnesspoormaterialforaluminumoraluminumalloy,andonlyinhighcuttingspeedcuttingforcesmallcircumstances,canthesetendons,wallprocessing.Recentlyalargeoverallaluminumalloybilletshollowingoutapproachtomanufacturewings,fuselageandotherpartstoreplacelargenumberofpartsbymanyrivets,screwsandotherfoodstufftoconnecttothecomponentstrength,stiffnessandreliabilityhasbeenupgraded.Alloftheprocessingequipmenttothehigh-speed,high-precisionandhighflexibilityrequirements.EMO2001showfromthepointofview,high-speedmachiningcenterstospeedupto80m/min,orevenhigher,airspeedof100m/minorso.Atpresentmanyoftheworldsautomobileplants,includingChinasShanghaiGeneralMotorsCorp.,havealreadybeenusedinhigh-speedmachiningcenteroftheproductionlineofalternativecombinationsmachine.CINCINNATItheUnitedStatesHyperMachlargestmachinetooltospeedupto60m/min,andrapid100m/min,theaccelerationof2g,spindlespeedreached60000r/min.Athin-walledprocessingaircraftparts,only30min,andthesamehigh-speedmillingmachinepartsinthegeneralprocessingtakes3h,inthegeneralmillingmachineprocessingto8h；GermanyDMGsdual-spindlelathespindlespeedandaccelerationrespectively12*!000r/mmand1g.Intheprocessingaccuracy,thepast10years,thegenerallevelofmachiningprecisionCNCmachinehasbeenraisedto10m5m,precision-machiningcenterfrom3to5m,andincreasedto11.5m,andultra-precisionmachiningaccuracyhasenterednanotechnology-(0.01m).InthereliabilityofforeignNCdeviceMTBFvaluehasreachedmorethan6000h,theservosystemMTBFvaluereachedmorethan30000h,showingveryhighreliability.Inordertoachievehigh-speed,high-finishing,ancillarycomponentssuchasthespindle,linearmotorshavebeenrapiddevelopmentofapplicationareasfurtherexpanded.1.25-axismachiningandcompositemachiningandrapiddevelopmentOna5-axismachining3Dpartscanbethebesttoolforcuttinggeometry,andnotonlyfinishhigh,andalsogreatlyimproveefficiency.Generallybelievedthat,one5-axismachinetoolscanbeequivalenttotheefficiencyof2-3-axismachinetools,inparticulartheuseofcubicboronnitrideandothersuperhardmaterialsforhigh-speedmillingcutterhardenedsteelcomponents,the5-axismachiningcomparable3-axisProcessingplayhigherefficiency.Butinthepastbecauseof5-axisCNCsystem,hostofcomplexreasons,itspricethanthe3-axisCNCmachinetoolisseveraltimeshigher,andthemoredifficultprogrammingtechnology,restrictedthe5-axismachinetooldevelopment.Atpresent,duetotheemergenceofelectro-spindle,andmaketheattainmentofthe5-axismachiningspindleheadcompositestructuresubstantiallysimplifieditsmanufacturingdifficultiesandcostsloweredsignificantly,NCsystemnarrowingthepricegap.Thereforepromotionofthefirsttypeofspindle5-axismachinetoolsandmachiningcomplex(including5-sidedmachining)development.InEMO2001exhibition,thenewJapan-5-sidedmachiningmachinetoolspindlefirstcompoundcanberealizedfourverticalplaneprocessingandtheprocessingofarbitraryangle,making5-sidedmachiningand5-axismachiningcanberealizedonthesamemachine,tiltedsurfacecanberealizedandinvertedcone-processing.GermancompaniesatDMGDMUVoutionSeriesmachiningcenters,inafixtureof5-sidedmachiningand5-axismachining,CNCsystemcanbecontrolledorCAD/CAMdirectorindirectcontrol.1.3intelligent,open,network-basedCNCsystem,asoneofthemajortrendsinthedevelopmentof21NCequipmentwillbeisacertainintelligentsystems,intelligentcontentincludedintheNCsysteminallaspects:thepursuitofprocessingefficiencyandthequalityoftheintelligentprocessing,suchastheadaptiveprocesscontrol,processAutomaticGenerationofparameters；drivetoimproveperformanceandtofacilitatetheuseoftheintelligentconnections,suchasfeedforwardcontrol,theelectricalparametersofadaptivecomputing,automaticidentificationloadautomaticallyselectedmodel,self-tuning,etc.；simplifyprogramming,simplifyingtheoperationIntelligent,suchasintelligentautomaticprogramming,andintelligenthuman-machineinterface；alsointelligentdiagnosis,intelligentmonitoringthecontentsofthesystemtofacilitatethediagnosisandmaintenance.ToaddressthetraditionalsystemofNCNCclosedandtheapplicationsoftwareindustryproductionexistingproblems.ManycountriestoopenCNCsystemsresearch,suchastheUnitedStatesofNGC(TheNextGenerationWork-Station/MachineControl),theECOSACA(OpenSystemArchitectureforControlwithinAutomationSystems),JapanOSEC(OpenSystemEnvironmentforController),ChinasONC(OpenNumericalControlSystem).CNCsystemhasbecomeopenNCThefutureofthesystem.Theso-calledopenCNCsystemisthedevelopmentofCNCsystemcanberuninaunifiedplatform,andthemachinetoolmanufacturersandend-users,bychanging,addingortailoringofobjects(NCfunction),aserialization,andeasytothecustomersspecificapplicationandtechnicalknow-howtocontrolsystemintegration,rapidrealizationofdifferentvarieties,differentgradesofop