附錄1ThenumbercontrolsthetoolmachinedevelopmenttoinclinetosixturnandThedevelopmenttrendoftheCNCcontroller數(shù)控機(jī)床發(fā)展趨向“六化”及其控制器的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)Summary:Numberscontrolingtoolmachineisamoderntoprocessthecarthemostimportantmaterial.摘要：數(shù)控機(jī)床是現(xiàn)代加工車間最重要的裝備。First:Thistextsaysthedevelopmenttrendthatthenumbercontrolsthetoolmachinecontrollerall.Appearalongwiththedevelopmentofwiththeinformationtechnique(1T)andthemanufacturingtechnique(MT)moremulti-function,morethecontrollerofthehighperformance,suchassitmark,manycontrolsofsystems(passage)more；Havethehigh,highspeed,5stalksprocessesthefunctionandcomplicationstoprocess,counttocontrolcompoundtoolmachineandentersfunctions,suchasthenetcorrespondence,highanddependableandsafety.etc.Forthesakeofincrementoperationandusagethemaneuverabilityofthesystemandcantransplantsex,thecontrolleropentohavealreadybecomecurrent.Thenumeralmanufacturingrequeststocounttocontrolthesystemestablishmenttobeatanallnewinformationtechniquefoundationstructureon,makeuseofanetworktodelivertoprocessthemanufacturinginformationeasily,carryontheCAD/CAMandtheCNCintegralwholetoturnofprocessamanufacturing.ThisappearedSTEP-NCanewnumbertocontrolsystem.一：本文概述了數(shù)控機(jī)床控制器的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。隨著信息技術(shù)(1T)和制造技術(shù)(MT)的發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了更多功能、更高性能的控制器，諸如多坐標(biāo)、多系統(tǒng)(通道)的控制；具有高精、高速、5軸加工功能和復(fù)雜加工、數(shù)控復(fù)合機(jī)床、進(jìn)網(wǎng)通信、高可靠性和安全性等功能。為了增加操作和使用系統(tǒng)的可操作性和可移植性，控制器開放已經(jīng)成為潮流。數(shù)字制造要求數(shù)控系統(tǒng)建立在一個(gè)全新的信息技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)之上，容易利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳遞加工制造信息，進(jìn)行CADCAM與CNC一體化的加工制造。這就出現(xiàn)了STEPNC新型的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。Numberscontrolingtoolmachineisamoderntoprocessthecarthemostimportantmaterial.Itsdevelopmentistheinformationtechnique(1T)withmakeatechnique(MT)tocombineadevelopmentofresult.Recent20inthelastyearses,theinformationtechnicalnastyplaydevelopmentstirsupandincreasesamanufacturingtheupperlevelintelligencefunctionofthesystemconsumedly；Next20years,theintelligencewillextendtothecarofthefactoryfirstfloor,thecontrollerwillhavemoreahighperformancewithmoremulti-function；Becausecontrollerofgentle,thesinglepedestaltoolmachinewillbecomemorevividwiththechoiceness；Cancarryoncorrespondencebroadly；Carryonanintegrationexpedientlywiththeheavy；arryon附錄2diagraphtotheprocess,indicatearesult,examineapatientbreakdown,avoidtrouble；Themodethatcombinesaccordingtosciencecarriesonprocess,attainingthebestproductionefficiency.Theunderneathissomethelatestdevelopmentcircumstanceisconcerningthecontroller.數(shù)控機(jī)床是現(xiàn)代加工車間最重要的裝備。它的發(fā)展是信息技術(shù)(1T)與制造技術(shù)(MT)結(jié)合發(fā)展的結(jié)果。最近20年來(lái)，信息技術(shù)的急劇發(fā)展大大激發(fā)和增加了制造系統(tǒng)的上層智能功能；下一個(gè)20年，智能將延伸到工廠的車間底層，控制器將具有更高性能和更多功能；由于控制器的柔性，單臺(tái)機(jī)床將變得更加靈活和精巧；可以廣泛地進(jìn)行通信；方便地進(jìn)行集成和重構(gòu)；對(duì)過(guò)程進(jìn)行測(cè)量，預(yù)示結(jié)果，診斷故障，避免事故；并按照科學(xué)的模式進(jìn)行加工，達(dá)到最佳的生產(chǎn)效率。下面是一些關(guān)于控制器最新的發(fā)展情況。1.CNCcontrollerraise,havefurthermoremulti-function1.CNC控制器的性能進(jìn)一步提高、具有更多功能1)sitmarkmore,manysystemcontrol1)多坐標(biāo)、多系統(tǒng)控制ForexampletheFANUClatestupscalecontroller11S30is-MODELsAsystem,thebiggestcontrolsystemcountsto10systems(passage),themoststalkthenumberinstallstocountto40stalkswiththebiggestprincipalaxis,entering32stalksamongthemtothestalk,theprincipalaxisis8stalks,biggestcontrolstalktocountto24stalks/systemsinthemeantime.ThebiggestPMCsystemis3systems.ThebiggestI/Opointis4096:00/4096:00,thePMCisbasictoorderanyspeedforthe25nses.Biggestcanpreparetoreadaproceduresegment:1000.Thisisthecurrentworldtoinstallthetallestnumbertocontrolsystem.Inordertohavingmanystalksmanysystemsestoinstall,sosuitlargeandautomatictoolmachinespecially,compoundtoolmachine,severaltoolmachineswaitofdemand.比如FANUC最新的高檔控制器11S30iMODELA系統(tǒng)，最大控制系統(tǒng)數(shù)為10個(gè)系統(tǒng)(通道)，最多軸數(shù)和最大主軸配置數(shù)為40軸，其中進(jìn)給軸32軸，主軸為8軸，最大同時(shí)控制軸數(shù)為24軸系統(tǒng)。最大PMC系統(tǒng)為3個(gè)系統(tǒng)。最大IO點(diǎn)數(shù)為4096點(diǎn)4096點(diǎn)，PMC基本命令速度為25ns。最大可預(yù)讀程序段：1000段。這是當(dāng)前世界配置最高的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。由于具有多軸多系統(tǒng)配置，因此特別適合大型自動(dòng)機(jī)床，復(fù)合機(jī)床，多頭機(jī)床等的需要。2)high,highspeedsprocessfunction2)高精、高速加工功能ThisisthemostimportantfunctionintheCNCsystem,becauseofhavingthisfunctionmakethemanufacturingtechnique(MT)developconsumedlyandforward.Thenumbercontrolsthetoolmachineadoptioncalculatorcontrol,canpromisetoprocess附錄3ofthesparepartshavetheveryhighaccuracyrepeated.Butforgettingcertainfunction,importationcontrollerofthesignalwantpassbyaseriesprocessing,wanttoloseinevitablyreally,postponehour.Thereforeatthehighspeedprocess,keepingtoprocessaccuracyhighlywilladoptcertainmeasuredecreasetolosereally,postponehour.Thehigh,highspeedprocess,inadditiontomachinethedesignandmanufacturingwanttopromiseandcancarryoutatarget,totherequestoftheCNCsystemmainlyishandlespeedquick,controltheaccuracyishigh.Adoptanex-controltocompensatebecauseofservoerrormarginproducein,raisetoprocessaccuracy.Theappropriatecontrolenteraddandsubtractwithadoptionfittinglysooncurveandcanreducetoaddandsubtractsoonanempresstotherateproduceoferrormargin.Theforward-lookingcontrolcarriesonacalculationtothesportdatabeforecarryoutintheprocedure,theprocessingandseveralbuffers,controlknifetohavetopressthehighspeedsportthus,andtheerrormarginisverysmall.Fortoolmachinethehighaccuracyoutlinecontrolofthesmoothmovement,theadoptionidentifiestothesolidhouroftheinstructionform,canthebestlycontrolspeed,accelerationwithaddacceleration,asaresultmaketoprocesstoalwayskeepinthebestappearance.Forkeepingfrommove,developthetechniqueofthenumericalfilter,isflapwiththeofthecancellationmachine,thepositionthatraiseservosystemincreasesabenefit.Highandaggressivegivewiththeservosystemoftheprincipalaxistohighspeed,highwithefficientlyveryimportant.這是CNC系統(tǒng)最重要的功能，由于有了這個(gè)功能，使制造技術(shù)(MT)大大地向前發(fā)展了。數(shù)控機(jī)床采用計(jì)算機(jī)控制，可以保證加工的零件具有很高的精度重復(fù)性。但為了得到一定的功能，輸入控制器的信號(hào)要經(jīng)過(guò)一系列處理，不可避免地要失真、延時(shí)。因此在高速加工時(shí)，要保持高的加工精度就要采取一定的措施減少失真、延時(shí)。高精、高速的加工，除了機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)和制造要保證能實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)外，對(duì)CNC系統(tǒng)的要求主要是處理速度快、控制精度高。采用前饋控制，以補(bǔ)償由于伺服滯后所產(chǎn)生的誤差，提高加工精度。適當(dāng)控制進(jìn)給率和采用恰當(dāng)?shù)募訙p速曲線可以減少加減速滯后所產(chǎn)生的誤差。“前瞻”控制在程序執(zhí)行前對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算、處理和多段緩沖，從而控制刀具按高速運(yùn)動(dòng)，而且誤差很小對(duì)于機(jī)床平滑運(yùn)行的高精度輪廓控制，采用對(duì)指令形式的實(shí)時(shí)識(shí)別，可以最佳地控制速度、加速度和加加速度，因而使加工總是保持在最佳狀態(tài)。為了防止擾動(dòng)，開發(fā)數(shù)字濾波器的技術(shù)，以消除機(jī)械的諧振，提高伺服系統(tǒng)的位置增益。高精進(jìn)給和主軸的伺服系統(tǒng)對(duì)高速、高精和高效十分重要。3)5stalksprocesstoprocessfunctionwithcomplication3)5軸加工和復(fù)雜加工功能Because5stalksprocessacraftreasonable,oppositeprocessin3curvedfaces,itcanmakeuseofthebestandseveralshapesthattheknifehavetocarryonslicingto附錄4parewell,canliftinthehigh-speedhighofthecomplicatedshapeprocesshigh-efficiency,raiseacleandegree.Thereforegetamoreandmoreextensiveapplication.Themachinethat5stalksprocessitinstallstomainlyhavetheknifetorevolveaway,theworkpedestaltorevolveawaywiththesetwokindshybridways.Therefore5stalksprocessesfunctiontowantcansatisfyvariousinstallofrequest.Characteristicsprocessedaccordingto5stalks,chasethem,forexampleTCP(theknifehavethecentercontrol),theknifehasinexpiationofetc.functionofradius,5stalksthatapplytoadifferentmachinetoinstallprocesstoolmachine.由于5軸加工工藝合理，相對(duì)于3維曲面加工，它可以充分利用刀具的最佳幾何形狀進(jìn)行切削，在復(fù)雜形狀的高速高精加工中可以提高效率，提高光潔度。因此得到越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用。5軸加工的機(jī)械其配置主要有刀具旋轉(zhuǎn)方式、工作臺(tái)旋轉(zhuǎn)方式和這兩種的混合方式。因此5軸加工功能要能滿足各種配置的要求。根據(jù)5軸加工的特點(diǎn)，把它們，比如TCP(刀具中心控制)，刀具半徑補(bǔ)償?shù)裙δ?，?yīng)用到不同機(jī)械配置的5軸加工機(jī)床。4)numberscontroltoreplypedestalfunction4)數(shù)控復(fù)臺(tái)功能Forthesakeoftheexaltationrateofproduction,thenumbercontrolsakindofdevelopmenttrendthatthecompoundprocessthedevelopmentandmanufacturingofthetoolmachinetohavealreadybecomenumbertocontroltoolmachine.為了提高生產(chǎn)率，數(shù)控復(fù)合加工機(jī)床的開發(fā)和制造已變成數(shù)控機(jī)床的一種發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。5)enterthenetcorrespondencefunction5)進(jìn)網(wǎng)通信功能ForcontrolingsystemthroughthePCornumb