1、嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng) 收集整理 歡迎使用高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之名詞性從句名詞性從句 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (noun clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)： 連接詞：that,whether,if 不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分） 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which. 連接副詞：when, where, h

2、ow, why 不可省略的連詞：1. 介詞后的連詞2. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。that she was chosen made us very happy.we heard the news that our team had won.比較：whether與if 均為是否的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首2. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句 3. whether從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)4. 從句后有or not whether he will come is not clear.大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當(dāng)形式主

3、語(yǔ)。it is not important who will go.it is still unknown which team will win the match. 名詞性that-從句 1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 that只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒(méi)有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和形容詞賓語(yǔ)，例如：主語(yǔ)：that he is still alive is sheer luck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。賓語(yǔ)：john said that he was leaving for london on we

4、dnesday.約翰說(shuō)他星期三要到倫敦去。表語(yǔ)：the fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。同位語(yǔ)：the fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語(yǔ)：i am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你對(duì)工作滿(mǎn)意我感到很高興。2）that-從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：it is

5、 quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語(yǔ)的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：a. it + be +形容詞+ that-從句it is necessary that有必要it is important that重要的是it is obvious that 很明顯b. it + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句it is believed that人們相信it i

6、s known to all that從所周知it has been decided that 已決定c. it + be +名詞+ that-從句it is common knowledge that是常識(shí)it is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是it is a fact that 事實(shí)是d. it +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句it appears that似乎it happens that碰巧it occurred to me that 我突然想起 名詞性wh-從句 1）由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoe

7、ver, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。wh-從句的語(yǔ)法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等，例如：主語(yǔ)： how the book will sell depends on its author.書(shū)銷(xiāo)售如何取決于作者本人。直接賓語(yǔ)：in ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。間接賓語(yǔ)：the club will give whoever wins a prize.俱樂(lè)部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。表語(yǔ)： m

8、y question is who will take over president of the foundation.我的問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：she will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位語(yǔ)：i have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。形容詞賓語(yǔ)：im not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。介詞賓語(yǔ)：that depends on where we shall g

9、o.那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?）wh-從句作主語(yǔ)也常用先行詞it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如：it is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒(méi)決定誰(shuí)做這項(xiàng)工作。it remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。 if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句 1）yes-no型疑問(wèn)從句從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的，因此也分別被稱(chēng)為yes-no型疑問(wèn)句從句和選擇型疑問(wèn)從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同， 例如：主語(yǔ)：whethe

10、r the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。賓語(yǔ)：let us know whether / if you can finish the article before friday.請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫(xiě)完。表語(yǔ)：the point is whether we should lend him the money.問(wèn)題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢(qián)給他。同位語(yǔ)：they are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴(lài)

11、。形容詞賓語(yǔ)： shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來(lái)。介詞賓語(yǔ)： i worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我擔(dān)心他是否能度過(guò)疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。2）選擇性疑問(wèn)從句選擇性疑問(wèn)從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whetheror或whetheor not構(gòu)成，例如：please tell me whether / if they are swedish or danish. 請(qǐng)告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。i dont care whether

12、you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。 否定轉(zhuǎn)移1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。i dont think i know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。i don t believe he will come.我相信他不回來(lái)。注意：若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。i hope you werent ill. 我想你沒(méi)有生病吧。2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面

13、。it doesnt seem that they know where to go.看來(lái)他們不知道往哪去。it doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.看來(lái)我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。3) 有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定。i dont remember having ever seen such a man.我記得從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣一個(gè)人。 (not否定動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) having)its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里，人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語(yǔ)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。)4) 有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。the ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語(yǔ))螞蟻不只是為自己采食。he was not ready to believe something just because