1、2020 高考英語閱讀理解方法與專題訓練2020 高考英語閱讀題型方法介紹1. 主旨大意題 任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想，所以，文章通常是圍繞該中心思想展開的。要領(lǐng)悟文章的中心思 想，就要具備歸納和概括方面的能力，而這種能力又常是要考查的重點。很多文章在全文或各段的開 頭便展示出文章的中心思想，它主要通過主題句（ Topic Sentence ）來體現(xiàn)。一般來說，文章的主題或中心都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主題句也常出現(xiàn)在段首或段尾， 而且常有一些表歸納關(guān)系的信號詞，2. 語義猜測題 該題型主要測試考生利用上下文判斷單詞、詞組或句子在特定語言環(huán)境中確切含義的能力。這不僅需 要學生準確理

2、解上下文，還要掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。并通過構(gòu)詞、語法等線索確定詞義。3. 細節(jié)理解題 該題型主要測試學生對文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定細節(jié)或文章的重要事實的辨認能力，分直接 辨認和間接辨認兩種。直接辨認細節(jié)型一般只要求學生能從閱讀材料中直接獲取、記住信息，然后能 快速地將他們回憶出來；而間接辨認型不僅要求讀者能從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息，還要將獲得的信 息進行各種轉(zhuǎn)換，為閱讀材料中某些詞匯、短語及句型等找到正確的英語釋義。 如排序、圖文轉(zhuǎn)換、數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換、同義（反義）轉(zhuǎn)換等。4. 推理判斷題這種題型主要考查考生根據(jù)已知信息做出合理的推斷或判斷的邏輯思維能力，包括要求考生體會作者 的態(tài)度、觀點、

3、意圖等。常用提問方式有：這需要學生讀懂原文，完全理解文中的細節(jié)信息，對其進 行分析、推算，從而得出正確的結(jié)論。二、破解高考英語閱讀理解難題策略1. 立足課文教學，訓練閱讀思維 通過以上對高考英語閱讀理解題的分析，可以看出高考英語命題的趨勢是“突出能力，側(cè)重思維”。 著重考查學生的觀察、分析、對比、聯(lián)想和判斷等思維能力。所以，教學中我們應充分利用課文內(nèi)容，對學生進行有效的閱讀訓練，提高其閱讀能力。包括對文章 中字詞句的表層理解（包括辨認詞義、句法結(jié)構(gòu)等）以及對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、主旨進行分析與邏輯判斷。 從而深刻理解全文，并在此基礎(chǔ)上引導站在新的高度上再讀課文，領(lǐng)會文章中事件的背景和結(jié)局、主 要人物的評

4、析和作者的觀點意圖等。2. 拓寬英語閱讀空間 盡管與以往相比，目前高中英語教科書所提供的閱讀量有較大幅度的增加，但離大綱的要求還相距甚 遠，僅限于課文的閱讀教學是遠遠不夠的。所以，教師要精心選擇、補充閱讀材料，以拓寬閱讀內(nèi)容 視角，增加閱讀量。選擇體裁多樣（如敘述、描寫、應用、說明、議論等文體皆可）、題材廣泛（如社會政治經(jīng)濟、日常 生活、史地常識、科普文章等）、篇幅適當、內(nèi)涵豐富、難度適中的閱讀材料。特別是具有時代感， 異國文化背景濃厚的作品、科技動態(tài)、時事新聞等方面的文章，以獲取新信息，增長新知識，形成新 思維，以有利于語言知識的運用和閱讀理解分析題的解答。3. 講究閱讀方法，掌握閱讀技巧

5、高考閱讀理解題內(nèi)容多，時間緊，不僅需要學生具備扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識，而且還需要較快的閱讀速度。 所以，閱讀的方法和技巧就顯得非常重要。依據(jù)前面對高考英語閱讀理解題的分析，我們在平時的教 學和訓練中，必須重視閱讀的方法和技巧的生成。如引導學生尋找主題句；養(yǎng)成辨認和記憶具體事實、重要細節(jié)的習慣；學會運用構(gòu)詞法、語境等推測 關(guān)鍵詞義；利用語法過渡詞、語氣轉(zhuǎn)折詞及時態(tài)等，把握文章脈絡，進行邏輯推理和判斷等。先來看一組 2019 年高考英語閱讀理解Known as “ wolf girl ” at her West Warwick, R.I. school, Alyssa Grayson has spent

6、much of her young life teaching others to protect and respect animals. After starting a wolf club in the second grade, Alyssa learned all she could about her favorite animals. Today, she gives presentations about protecting wolves at libraries and schools she's even spoken at a university. In fa

7、ct, she's become such a wolf expert that she was appointed as the first junior adviser to the National Wolf watcher Coalition.When she's not teaching others about wolves, Alyssa can be found volunteering at her local animal shelter, taking care of dogs and cats. She's also trained as a c

8、itizen scientist for Frog Watch USA. In short, Alyssa Grayson proves that you are never too young to make a difference for animals.When asked how she got interested in saving wolves, Alyssa says,“I've lovedwolves since I saw them in a movie when I was 2 or 3 years old. Then one day I saw a comme

9、rcial about wolf hunting. I asked my mother why people do this, and she told me because people don't like wolves. I decided from then on that I wanted to save wolves. ”Today, wolves are hunted, trapped, or poisoned. Hunters chase wolves for miles in an airplane until the wolves are too exhausted

10、 to run anymore. Then they shoot them. The animal doesn't have a chance to escape. Animals are also trapped for their fur. They are left to suffer in a trap with no food, water, or shelter. Alyssa thinks the fur looks better on the animal in the wild, where it's meant to be, than on a human.

11、Alyssa believes wolves are important to our worlds. She says,“ Wolves are anapex predator, which means they are at the top of the food chain. Removing them from the ecosystem is a big mistake. The ecosystem is like a chain of dominoes (多米諾骨牌 ) with the apex predator as the one in front. If you were

12、to knock down that domino, the rest of the chain would go down too.”People usually think of “ the Big Bad Wolf ” when they hear about wolves.However, Alyssa says,“If they would base their thoughts on facts, not fairy tales,we wouldn't have people wanting to kill wolves.”1. Alyssa is known as “wo

13、lf girl ” at her school because .A. she keeps wolves as petsB. she was raised by wolvesC. she does a lot to protect wolvesD. she started a wolf club at her school答案： C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首句中的“ has spent . to protect and respect animals”以及下 文所述她喜歡狼并呼吁大家保護狼這一物種可知，阿莉莎在學校中被稱為“狼女”，是因為她 用她的青春教會了其他人保護和尊重狼。故選 C。2. A

14、ccording to the first two paragraphs, Alyssa .A. gained knowledge about wolves at librariesB. cares about other animals besides wolvesC. started to give presentations since the second gradeD. is the first junior citizen scientist for Frog Watch USA 答案： B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段描述可知，她除了關(guān)心狼之外，還照顧其他的動物， 如貓和狗。故選

15、B。3. Paragraph 4 is mainly about .A. why wolves are killedB. why wolves are trappedC. the tools used to hunt wolvesD. how wolves are treated 答案： D 段落大意題。文章第四段主要講述了狼被獵殺、被圍困或被毒亡的事實。人們?yōu)榱?它們的皮毛不斷地去獵殺它們， 不給它們逃生的機會， 所以該段講述了狼是被如何對待的。 故 選 D。4. From the last paragraph we can infer that Alyssa .A. doesn't

16、 need fairy talesB. doesn't believe in fairy talesC. encourages people to find out the facts about wolvesD. believes that more people will work to save wolves 答案： C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，當人們提到狼的時候往往說“大壞狼”。如果人 們把想法建立在事實的基礎(chǔ)上， 而不是童話上， 我們?nèi)祟惥蜎]有人想要殺死它們了。 因此可推 知，阿莉莎鼓勵人們客觀地對待狼，看到狼真實的一面。故選C。Steven Stein likes t

17、o follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. Whatis even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an

18、industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts （ 收銀臺 ）. The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including

19、 Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds,_plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily r

20、ecycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a re

21、usable bag is, the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out. However, longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don't dispute （質(zhì)疑 ）

22、these points. They hope paper bags will bebanned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.1. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material.C. Stop things falling off trucks.D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.答案： D 細

23、節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句并結(jié)合第二段最后一句中的 “ plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume 可”知，塑料袋制造商雇傭 Stein 這樣的 科學家來為塑料購物袋的使用進行辯護。故選D 。2. What does the word“ headwinds ” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B

24、. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.答案： A 詞義猜測題。畫線詞是承接其上一句的內(nèi)容描述，指在包括洛杉磯在內(nèi)的 加利福尼亞州的 90 個城市，塑料袋是禁止使用的。再結(jié)合畫線詞后的“ tom ake thecase that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume可推”斷出，此處 headwinds 指的是 “ bans on plastic bags ，即

25、對塑”料袋的禁令。故選A 。3. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A. They are quite expensive.B. Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more energy.答案： D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒 數(shù)第二段第三句可知，環(huán)保袋的一個缺點是生產(chǎn)它們 需要更多能源。故選D 。4. What is the

26、best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherB. Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC. Recycle or Throw AwayD. Garbage Collection and Waste Control答案： A 標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一、二段介紹了塑料袋的禁用及原因 ; 第三、四段介紹了環(huán)保袋的使用及其缺點;再結(jié)合最后一段第二句可知，環(huán)境學家甚至希望某天也可以禁用紙袋。因此 A 項 （到底是選擇塑料袋，紙袋還是兩者都不使用）準確地概括了文章的主題，適合作標題。故選 A 。高考押題

27、適應性閱讀：AShana, Robyn, and I stood on the high platform near the tops of the rainforest trees. We were wearing heavy helmets on our heads and had thick leather straps around our waists, which made seats that hung from a thick wire overhead. The wire was hung between the platform we stood on and anothe

28、r platform far in the distance.This was the zip line（滑索 ）, an adventure I had vowed I would not do on our family trip to Costa Rica. I was afraid of heights, afraid of falling, and afraid of zipping through the air above the rainforest at 30 miles per hour. Yet here I was, fastened in and ready to g

29、o."Who goes first?" our guide asked. My sisters exchanged a glance- neither of them stepped forward. I'd been teased for being a "scary cat" ever since I was four when I tripped （絆倒 ） and fell on an escalator （自動扶梯 ）. Even my parents, while relieved by my cautious ways, were

30、worried that I'd miss out on（錯過 ） enjoyable activities. No longer willing to let life pass me by, I stepped to the edge of the platform, sat back in the leather seat, and pushed off（離開 ）. Absolute terror filled me as I screamed and zoomed through the trees with my eyes squeezed shut. Before I co

31、uld totally process what was happening, I landed safely on the second platform.As my sisters flew in behind me, the guide attached me to the next wire, and I was off again. This time, fear was replaced with excitement, and I was able to look around me as I zipped. There- a toucan （犀鳥）! And was that

32、a sloth （ 樹懶） right at eye level? By the time we had finished all the zip line journeys, I was shouting not with terror but with joy. And to think how close I'd come to missing it all!21. Why had the writer vowed not to go on the zip lines?A. She thought she would not be able to see anything.B.

33、She had a fear of heights.C. She was afraid of the rainforest animals.D. She hated wearing the helmet and straps.22. What made the writer decide to go on the zip lines?A. The encouragement of his own.B. The tease of his sisters.C. The support of his parents.D. The order of his guide.23. How did the writer find the zip line journey in the end?A. Tiresome and unhappy.B. Nothing but frightening.C. Risky but rewa