1、賓語(yǔ)從句一、賓語(yǔ)從句的定義： 賓語(yǔ)從句顧名思義就是作（及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或某些形容詞）賓語(yǔ)的部分是由句子來充當(dāng)。因此把這樣的句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為三類即 :表示陳述語(yǔ)氣用that,表示一般疑問語(yǔ)氣，含有 是否,能否”的意思whether和if引導(dǎo)表示特殊疑問語(yǔ)氣由特 殊疑問詞導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句可做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ) ,及某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ) . 例如：1、He wrote me a letter, saying that he would pay a visit to China next week. （ 動(dòng)賓）2、 I wonder if you could spare me a few

2、 minutes?（動(dòng)賓）3、The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done. （介賓）4、Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exams. （形賓 ）二、過好“三關(guān)”學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句：（一）過引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)1、 連詞 that（在 口語(yǔ)中 that ?？墒÷裕?if, whether,女口：He knows that Jim will work hard. 連接代詞 who, whom, which 等，如： Do you know who （whom） they

3、 are waiting for? 連接副詞 when, where, how, why 等，如： Could you tell me how we can get to the station?2、 由 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如：I don tow （that ）Tom was late again注意 1:引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的 that ?？梢允÷?,但下列情況下不能省略。（1） and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句，除第一個(gè)從句中的that以外,后面從句中的that不能省略。如： Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frigh

4、tened.（2） that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能省略。如：I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（3） 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ)，that不可省略。如： We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.注意 2:若有補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，則賓語(yǔ)從句要放到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，在賓補(bǔ)前用形式賓語(yǔ)it.如： He doesnwtant it to be known that he is going away.I consid

5、er it necessary that he should do it again.注意 3: 否定轉(zhuǎn)移 . 在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中的否定往往在主句中體現(xiàn)。如： I dontthink you are right. I donbtelieve that they have finished their work.I dontthink he cares, does he?3、由 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句： whether 和 if 都有“是否”的意思。如：I donktnow whether / if h

6、e will agree with me.He asked me whether / if I have finished my homework.注意 1 ：在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用 whether 如： I candtecide whether to stay.注意 2： 在 whether or not 的固定搭配中。女口： I want to know whether it good news or not .注意 3:在介詞后，只能用 whether女口： His father is worried about whether he lose his work .注意 4：條件狀語(yǔ)從句

7、不能用 whether 引導(dǎo),如：Please inform him of the news if he comes back before 10 oclock.4、由特殊疑問詞（wh）引導(dǎo)（要注意用陳述語(yǔ)氣）女口： He asked me, “ Wheris Mr. Wang?He asked me where Mr. Wang was.（二）、過語(yǔ)序關(guān) 做賓語(yǔ)從句的句子不管原來是什么語(yǔ)序，在充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)都要用陳述語(yǔ)序，即： “引導(dǎo)詞 +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+ 其他” 女口： 1。Tom said. He is reading a book. Tom said that he was read

8、ing a book.2. He asks me. Are they play ing a game?He asks me if/whether they are play ing a game.3、Where is the hospital? He told me. He told me Where the Hospital was. 注意:當(dāng) who 在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,語(yǔ)序本身就是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)順序 ,所以就不再變了 .女口： I want to know. Who will come tomorrow? 1 want to know who w ill come tomorrow.（三）

9、、過時(shí)態(tài)關(guān) 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)要受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，即要和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致（也有特殊情況），賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)往往被忽視，希望能引起我們的注意。從下面三個(gè)方面去把握賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。1、當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、祈使句時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)句意的需要用任意一種時(shí)態(tài)。2、 當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)（帶“過去兩個(gè)字）。3、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、諺語(yǔ)等，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句一律用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。三、賓語(yǔ)從句的特殊語(yǔ)序問題在“ Dcyou think /believe/suppose-?等結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)從句如果是由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的，

10、則要用疑問詞+ do you thin k/believe/suppose + 正常語(yǔ)序？ ”女口： What has happened to him? Do you think? What do you think has happened to him?四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移問題在think, believe等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示否定意義，一般要將否定詞not移到主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上面去，即通過否定主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來否定從句的（意義）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)變反意疑問句時(shí)仍將賓語(yǔ)從句視為否定，反意疑問部分用肯定形式。如：1、 I don tthink he will come. 2 、 I d

11、on tthink he will come, will he?五、賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化1 、當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 hope, decide, wish, agree 等，其后接賓語(yǔ)從句，并且從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可 以簡(jiǎn)化成動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon. Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.2 、當(dāng) know, learn, remember, forget 等動(dòng)詞其后接賓語(yǔ)從句， 并且從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)， 可以簡(jiǎn)化成 “疑 問詞 +不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I don ktnow what I

12、should say. I don ktnow what to say.3 、當(dāng) tell, learn, show, teach 等動(dòng)詞其后接賓語(yǔ)從句， 并且從句主語(yǔ)與主句的間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)， 可以簡(jiǎn)化成 “疑 問詞 +不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Could you tell me how I can get there? （ 句子中的 me 和 I 指的是同一個(gè)人 ） 可以改寫為： Could you tell me how to get there?4 、動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以用不定式來簡(jiǎn)化，但主語(yǔ)要發(fā)生變化。如： It seemed that the boys were going to p

13、lay games. The boys seemed to play games. 賓語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1Do you know what time ？ Athe train leave B does the train leaveC will the train leave D the train leaves2I dont know Can you tell me ，please？ A how the two players are old B how old are the two playersC the two players are how old D how old the two

14、players are3The small children dont know A what is their stockings in B what is in their stockings C whereis their stockings in D what in their stockings （ ）4I cant understand Awhat does Christmas mean B what Christmas does meanC what mean Christmas does D what Christmas means5. Tim says Dave is goo

15、d friend. A. my B. she C. his6. Peter he wants to be a teacher. A. sayB. said7. He tells me Uncle Li his radio now. A. mending8. He knows John help him with his math. A. is going9. She tells me she can take the message for .A. me10. Please tell me you hate smoking.A. which考查 if 和 when 引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句還是狀語(yǔ)從句1. We re not sure if it tomorrow. If it , we wonD. heC. will say D. saysB. is mending C. mended D. mindB. wants C. want to D. mayB. I C. he D. himselfB. why C. where D. whenA. will snow; snows B. will snow; will snowC. snows; snows t climb the South Hill. （ 西寧市 ） D. snows; w