1、單詞1experience n. 經(jīng)驗；實踐；經(jīng)歷；閱歷v. 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；遭受；感受 experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗的； 熟練的 from/by experience 憑經(jīng)驗； 從經(jīng)驗中 (得出 ) be experie need in 在方面有經(jīng)驗【易錯警示】experienee 作“經(jīng)驗”講是不可數(shù)名詞，作“經(jīng)歷” 講是可數(shù)名詞。2eause n. 原因；動機；理由；根據(jù)；目標(biāo)；理想； 事業(yè)v. 引起；惹起；促成for a good eause為了正義的事業(yè)eause sb to do sth 促使某人做某事 【詞語辨析】 eause 和reason(1) eause 指“導(dǎo)致某事

2、發(fā)生的原因或起因，常跟 of 搭 配”。如：We do not yet know the eause of the aeeident. 我們尚不清楚事故的原因。(2) reason 指“做某事的理由” ，常跟 for 或 why 引導(dǎo)的 定語從句搭配。如：He has given no reasons for his deeision. 他并未說明他決定的理由?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1) Tell me _ you were so late thismorning.告訴我今天上午你來這么晚的原因。(2) _ was earelessness.火災(zāi)的起因是粗心。3oeeur v. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在；浮現(xiàn)

3、oeeurenee n. 發(fā)生的事情，事件；發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)sth oeeur to sb 某事浮現(xiàn)在某人的腦海中；某人想 到某事It oeeurs to sb that/It oeeurs to sb to do 某人想到【短語辨析】take plaee, happen, oeeur, eome about 和 breakout 以上詞或短語都含有“發(fā)生”的意思，區(qū)別如下：(1) take plaee 表示“發(fā)生，舉行，舉辦” ，一般指非偶 然性事件的發(fā)生，即這種事件的發(fā)生是由于某種原因 或根據(jù)事先的安排。(2) happen 作“發(fā)生” 講，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件。 另外還可以表示“碰巧” 。

4、常用于搭配： happen to do sth/lthappe ns that (3) occur 作發(fā)生”講，其意義相當(dāng)于 happen,但它還 可以表示“想到，突然想起” 。(4) come about 表示“發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生” ,多指事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了,但還不知道為什么,常用于疑問句和否定句。 可 以構(gòu)成句型：How did it come about that？.是怎么發(fā)生的？(5)break out 意為“發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”，常指戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)難、疾 病或者爭吵等事件的發(fā)生,也可以表示突然大聲叫喊 等。【易錯警示】上面表示“發(fā)生”的五個詞或短語,都是不及物動詞。其主語都是事情、事件等。4ruin v. (

5、使)破產(chǎn)； (使)墮落；毀滅n. 毀滅；崩潰；廢墟；遺跡in ruins成為廢墟go/fall/come to ruin 毀滅；滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉 【詞語辨析】ruin, damage 和 destroy(1)ruin 現(xiàn)在多用于借喻中,泛指一般的“弄壞” ,還可 指“價值、用途降低或外表損壞”等。damage 多指不一定全部破壞、損壞，可能還可以修 復(fù)。它既可作名詞,也可作動詞。作名詞時常構(gòu)成搭 酉己：cause/do damage (tc)(對.)造成損害。(3)destroy 指“徹底毀壞掉以至不能或很難修復(fù)” 。 【活學(xué)活用】用 ruin, damage 或 destroy 的適當(dāng)形式

6、填空(1) The rain caused great _to the crops.(2) A big fire _ the tall building.(3)_ Shepoured water all over my painting, and _it.5strike v. 打；撞擊；碰撞； (突然 )襲擊；某人突 然想到/意識到；讓(某人)覺得；留下印象；擦(火 柴)；罷工be on strike go on strikeIt strikes me that 到be deeply struckstrike sb as 5 strike v. 打；撞擊；碰撞；(突然 )襲擊；某人突然想到/意

7、識到；讓(某人)覺得；留下印象；擦(火 柴)；罷工在罷工 舉行罷工 某人突然想到 /意識到 被深深打動讓某人覺得;使燃燒生火撲火冒大風(fēng)險；玩火在罷工舉行罷工某人突然想到 /意識被深深打動讓某人覺得be on strikego on strikeIt strikes me that be deeply struckstrike sb as 短語1 set fire to 放火燒make a fire put outfire play with firebe on fire燃燒著catch fire著火；起火seton fire放火燒；使燃燒2 take place 發(fā)生；舉行in place在正

8、確的位置；適當(dāng)out of place在錯誤的位置；在不適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕n place of代替in sbs place 處于某人的位置；為某人設(shè)身處地地著想 take sbsplace/take the place of 代替；接替首先；第一點 結(jié)束（尤指意料之外的 ） 以告終 使某事結(jié)束，終止 使某事結(jié)束，終止 結(jié)束；終止 連續(xù)地；豎著； 直立地 最后； 終于 在結(jié)束時 到結(jié)束時為止 （或?qū)W到、找到 ） ；收pick out 挑選；區(qū)分；領(lǐng)會，弄明白pick on選擇 （作挨罵或受罰對象 ）；挑中 （某人）pick at 一點一點地吃pick off 摘掉；取走英譯漢：1Then with a

9、 huge effort ，she picked it up in her trunk andtried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock.2I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there lastyear.答案之后，她艱難地用鼻子托住它，直到把它放在一塊巖石狹窄的邊緣上。2去年我在希臘時學(xué)會了幾句希臘語。3The sen sors pick up faint vibrati ons in the Earth.（ 朗文 在線 ）4We picked up two

10、more English merchants also, and twoyoung Portuguese gentlemen.（ 選自魯賓遜漂流記 ）答案 這種傳感器能接收到地球微弱的振動。 我們又讓另外兩位英國商人和兩位葡萄牙紳士上了 船。5Under good treatment ， Linda is beginning to pick up andwill soon recover.答案 在精心治療下， 琳達逐漸恢復(fù)并且將很快康 復(fù)。5. put out 撲滅 （火）；伸出；生產(chǎn)；出版put up with 忍受put up 舉起；張貼；建造；支起；為.提供住宿；提名put throug

11、h 使穿過；接通 （電話 ）put down 放下，使 （乘客等 ）下 （車）；寫下，記下 put on穿上；上演；假裝put off推遲，拖延put aside 把.放在一邊，暫不考慮put forward 撥快；推薦；提出put away 收拾；存放1Then I put_ the light and scrambled out of thewindow on to the shed.（選自哈克貝利 費恩歷險記）2Never put _ ti l l tomorrow what may be donetoday.3Make sure that you put _ every word sh

12、e says.4Please put those tools _ after you finish thework.5We shall be happy to put you _when you cometo town next month.答案 out off down away up6He was not really an gry.He was putt ing it_ .7The bus stopped at the station to put _ one ortwo passengers.8She put _ the light and closed the door.9No lo

13、nger able to put _ my toothache ， I wentto see a dentist.答案 on down out up with句型1. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year,causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injured.平均來說，美國每年發(fā)生 800 次龍卷風(fēng)，造成大約 80 人死亡， 1500 人受傷。2. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affectingthree US states

14、: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.歷史上最嚴(yán)重的龍卷風(fēng)發(fā)生于 1925 年，影響了美 國三個州：密蘇里州，伊利諾伊州和印第安納州。 【句式分析】這兩個句子都是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。 現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語： 主句 doing（表示意料之中 的結(jié)果， 起補充說明的作用 ）【相關(guān)拓展】 不定式作結(jié)果狀語：主句 （only）to do（ 表示意料之 外的結(jié)果 ）3.leave+賓語+賓語補足語：使保留，讓/使某人 （某 物）繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)、某地等。（1）在這個句式中充當(dāng)賓語補足語的詞性是： 形容詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語、名詞或句子。（2）當(dāng)動詞作賓補時，需要用以下幾種形

15、式。1賓補與賓語形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系：用現(xiàn)在分詞。in the first place3.e ndup 結(jié)果為.；以end up doing/in sth/ adj.put an end to sth bringsth to an end come to anend on end in the end atthe end of by the endof 4. pick up聽到；搭載；恢復(fù)拾起；拿起；偶然得到（健康 ）；好轉(zhuǎn)2賓補與賓語之間形成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系即被動關(guān)系：用過去分詞。3賓補與賓語是主謂關(guān)系，且表示將來：用to do。4賓補與賓語是被動關(guān)系， 且表示將來：用 to be done

16、。1I wish you d stopleaving the door open。我希望你不要再讓門敞著。2Don t leave her_ outside in the rai n.別讓她在外邊雨中等著。3The bad weather left the project half fini shed.壞天氣使工程只完成了一半。4His pare nts both died last year, leaving him an orpha n.他父母去年雙雙去世，留下他成為一個孤兒。5Leave it with/to me a nd I ll see what I can do.把它交給我，我看

17、看能做什么。6They killed the bis on, cut off the skins and left the bodies torot.他們把野牛殺死剝皮，尸體就任其腐爛。7Leave the medicine where the children can t reaCh it藥放在孩子們夠不到的地方。語法（一） 過去完成時被動語態(tài)過去完成式表示在過去某個時刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。The past perfect passive = The past perfect +The passivevoice 構(gòu)成： had （not） + been + p.p.1.By the end

18、of last mon th, the work had bee n fini shed.2. The boy was remin ded that his homework had not bee nhan ded in.3. The work was done earlier tha n it had bee n pla nn ed.4. As soon as their homework had bee n assig ned, theystarted to do it.5. They left after the door had bee n locked.咼考鏈接1. At the

19、end of the meeti ng, it was announ ced that anagreement_ . （2007 江蘇）A. has bee n reached B. had bee n reachedC. hasreachedD. had reached2. Joh n had to have his car repaired in a garage because itseriously. （2007 上海春）A. damagedB. was being damagedC. had damaged D. had bee n damaged（二）間接引語引述別人的話叫直接引語

20、；“：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。1.直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的時態(tài)變化:直接引語直接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般現(xiàn)在時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時2.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語的變化1.引用的句子是陳述句時， 間接引語可以用賓語從句 的形式。1. She said, “I like English very much.直接引語間接引語指示thisthat代詞thesethosenowthe n時todaythat day間this week, monththat week, month狀last weekthe week be

21、fore語two days agotwo days beforen ext weekthe n ext week地點 狀語herethereTShe said she liked En glish very much.2. Betty said, “I ll be wait ing for your call.TBetty saidthat she would be wait ing for my call.2.直接引語為一般疑問句、反意疑問句或選擇疑問句，可以改成以 if / whether + 陳述句的形式。1. The teacher asked me,“ Do you likeEngl

22、ish? ”TThe teacher asked me if I liked English.2. He asked, “ You ve already finished your homework,haven t you? ”THe asked if/whether we had already fini shed ourhomework.3. He asked me, “ Do you want to stay at a hotel or at myhome?”THe asked me whether I wan ted to stay at a hotel or hishome.生 Sh

23、e asked us, “ You re from the same city, arenTSheasked whether we came from the same city.3. 引語為特殊疑問句時，可以保留疑問詞，后跟陳述 句。久 He asked me, “ Where are you going? ”THe asked me where I was going.2. She asked him, “ Whom do you want to see? ”TShe asked him whom he wan ted to see.4.引用祈使句時，間接引語用不定式，主句動詞根據(jù)句子意義

24、，可用 ask, want, tell, order, promise, advise 等 詞代替。1.The teacher said to thestudent,“ Don t be late again.TThe teacher told the stude nt not to be late aga in.2 “ Wake him up, ” sildet(sane.TShe told me to wake him up.5.過去時如有表示具體年份的狀語，不必改變時態(tài)。I was borrin 1980, ” Julia said.TJulia said that she was bo

25、rn in 1980.6. 引語中含有 must, should, would 等情態(tài)動詞時，不 必改變時態(tài)?！?Yoishould be back by six, ” she said.TShe said I should be back by six.7. 當(dāng)引用的事情為永恒的真理、依然存在的事情時，可以不必改變時態(tài)。1. He said that the earth rotates around the sun.2 He said that the train leaves at 6:30.1. He asked_ for the computer.A. did I pay how mu

26、chB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2.“ Have you seen the film? ” he askedme.THe asked me_ .A. had I see n the filmB. have I see n the filmC. if I have see n the filmD. whether I had see n the film3.“ Please close the window, ” he said to me.TShe asked_ .A. if I have already g

27、ot well, hadn t youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well” D. had I already got well.7. He asked ,oAr Partymember or a League member? ”THe asked me_ .A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. whether I was a Party member or a League memberD. wh