1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)之基本句型一、句子成分主語(yǔ)（subject）: 句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)Seeing is believing. （動(dòng)名詞） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主語(yǔ)從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tr

2、ee. （It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)）謂語(yǔ)（predicate）: 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 賓語(yǔ)：1）動(dòng)作的承受者-動(dòng)賓I like China. （名詞）He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he sa

3、id? （賓語(yǔ)從句） 2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 雙賓語(yǔ)-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Miss Yang is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞）We belong to the third world. （數(shù)詞） He was a

4、dvised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.(副詞) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（過(guò)去分詞） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything

5、that I do. （定語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式、讓步和伴隨。 （以下例句按上述順序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I

6、like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We elected him monitor. （名詞）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them ha

7、ppy. （形容詞）We found nobody in. ( 副詞 )Please make yourself at home. 介詞短語(yǔ)） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞） Ill have my bike repaired. （過(guò)去分詞） 主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the ne

8、xt room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.表語(yǔ)（predicative）: 系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。 He is a teacher. （名詞） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞）He is asleep. （形容詞） His father is in. （副詞） The picture is on the wall. ( 介詞短語(yǔ))My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞

9、）To wear a flower is to say Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表語(yǔ)從句）（常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）, look（看起來(lái)）, feel(摸起來(lái)，smell（聞起來(lái)）,taste（嘗、吃起來(lái)）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺(jué)） .等等) It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The f

10、ood smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.二、Exercises：（一）分析下列句子成分：1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of g

11、lass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.7. I love you more than her, child. 8. Trees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12. All the students think highly of

12、 his teaching.13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Don't get nervous; help yourself to what you like. 16. We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didn't come. That is why he didn't know.18. She showed us her many of her pictur

13、es.19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.21. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.22. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany23. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.24. No matter how dif

14、ficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month.25. Go back where you came from. 26. We must do whatever the people want us to do.27. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 28. Would you please pass me the cup? 29. Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 30. Do you know the latest news about

15、him?（二）請(qǐng)說(shuō)出下列短文各句中的句子成分：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working af

16、ter dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes

17、care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.（三）給下列短文加上標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：During a bullfight a drunk suddenly wandered into the m

18、iddle of the ring the crowd began to shout but the drunk didn't realized the danger the bull was busy with the matador (斗牛士) at the time but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was wearing a red cap the bull forgot all about the matador and rushed to the drunk the crowd suddenly grew quiet

19、 the drunk however seemed quite sure of himself when the bull got close him he stepped aside to let it pass the crowd burst into cheers and the drunk bowed by this time however three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk outside even the bull seemed to fell sorry for him for

20、it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more drew its attention to the matador.三、簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型1. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)本結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞（詞組）”構(gòu)成, 常用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。如，She came. / My head aches. / The sun rises.該句型的主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)，如，The red sun rises.謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ)，如，The red sun rises in the east.2. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓

21、語(yǔ) 此結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞（詞組）+賓語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞，動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或詞組、the +形容詞、分詞以及從句等。如，She likes English.The young should take good care of the old.3. 主語(yǔ) 連系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)本結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。連系動(dòng)詞有：（1）表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等；（2）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand等；（3）表示狀態(tài)變化的

22、 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。She is happy. / He fell off his bike and got hurt. / His advice proved (to be) right.4. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, 等；（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choo

23、se, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.She gave John a book= She bought a book for me.5. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞） 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)此結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間存在有內(nèi)在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則句意不完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有名詞，形容詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。She makes

24、 her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage.6. There be 句型此句型是由 there + be + 主語(yǔ) + 狀語(yǔ) 構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)某地存在有，它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際意義。Be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如，    現(xiàn)在有   there is / are     過(guò)去有   there was / were  

25、;  將來(lái)有   there will be/ there is / are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有   there has / have been    可能有  there might be.    肯定有  there must be / there must have been. 過(guò)去一直有  there used to be     似乎有  there seems / seem / seem

26、ed to be     碰巧有  there happen / happens / happened to be 此句型有時(shí)可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等詞代替be動(dòng)詞。Eg. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for "help". There must have b

27、een a village here.There lies a book on the desk. 四、翻譯練習(xí)：（一）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞）1. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。2. 她昨天回家很晚。 3. 那天早上我們談了很多。4. 會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 5. 在過(guò)去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 6. 這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。 7. 1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。 8. 每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。9. 這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。 10. 五年前我住在北京。11. 讓我們立即行動(dòng)起來(lái)。12. 烏云低沉沉的，天下著大雪。13. 恰好他身邊有錢。14. 慢慢地她臉上露出了一絲笑容。15. 背起

28、書(shū)包我急忙趕到學(xué)校。16. 他滿面笑容。17. 我英文學(xué)得不錯(cuò)。（二）主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）1. 昨晚我寫了一封信。 2. 今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3. 這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。4. 他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 5. 你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書(shū)。 6. 那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。7. 我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。 8. Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 9. 我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。 10. 他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。（三）主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ) ）1. 我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 2. 冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)。 3. 布朗夫人看起來(lái)很健康。 4. 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 5. 孩子

29、們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。 6. 這本書(shū)是有關(guān)美國(guó)歷史的書(shū)。 7. 她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。 8. 他失業(yè)了。 9. 樹(shù)葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 10. 這個(gè)報(bào)告聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思。 11. 商店開(kāi)到八點(diǎn)。12機(jī)器出了毛病。13這些努力似乎全都白費(fèi)了。14這話聽(tīng)起來(lái)有道理。15房里一會(huì)兒就擠滿了人。（四）雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) ）1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢包交給校長(zhǎng)了。4. 請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 5. 他把車票給列車員看。 6. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過(guò)三封信了。 7

30、. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。 9. 請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？（五）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）1我們叫她Alice. 2. 他的父母給他取名為John. 3. 我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 4. 他們把門推開(kāi)了。 5. 他們把小偷釋放了。 6. 我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 7. 他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。 8. 我要你把真相告訴我。 9. 衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開(kāi)。 10. 明天我要找人來(lái)修理機(jī)器。 11. 每天早晨我們都聽(tīng)到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。 12. 痛苦使得他叫喊起來(lái)。

31、13. 我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。 14. 他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 15. 我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。 16. 那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了17. 她正在聽(tīng)人家講故事。 18. 男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。 19. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)看見(jiàn)這個(gè)字這樣用過(guò)。 20. 他感到很難跟你交談。 21. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22. 我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 23. 學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開(kāi)始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。 24. 我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無(wú)益的。 25. 祝一路平安。26. 你讓我等了三個(gè)鐘頭。27. 他撿起了香蕉皮扔到了垃圾箱里。28. 給我?guī)追昼娍紤]一下。（六）There be 句型1. 今晚沒(méi)有會(huì)。 2.

32、 這個(gè)村子過(guò)去只有一口井。 3. 這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂(lè)老師和一名美術(shù)老師。 4. 客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國(guó)人和兩名法國(guó)人。 5. 天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)下午有大風(fēng)。 6. 燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 7. 戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。 8. 恰好那時(shí)房里沒(méi)人。 9. 從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。 10. 公共汽車來(lái)了。 11. 就只剩下二十八美元了。 12. 在這個(gè)山洞前面長(zhǎng)著一棵高大的松樹(shù)。 13. 鈴響了。 14. 二月份有二十八天。 15. 最近幾年,這個(gè)村莊發(fā)生了巨大的變化。16. 恰好河上有座橋。17. 過(guò)去這條河上有座橋。18. 他的回答應(yīng)該沒(méi)有什么可懷疑的。19. 山頂上有一個(gè)塔。20.

33、十字路口處站著一個(gè)警察。陽(yáng)西一中2009屆高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)之句子系列復(fù)習(xí)（1）參 考 答 案二、Exercises：（一）分析下列句子成分：1.主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)2. 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)3.主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4. 主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)5.主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)6.主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 形式賓語(yǔ) it 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)7.主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)8.主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)9.主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)10.主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)11.主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)12主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)13.主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)14.主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)15.主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)16. 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)

34、 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)17.主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)18. 主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)19.主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞20.主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞21. 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)22.主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)23.主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)24. 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞25.主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)26. 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞27. 主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)28. 主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)29.主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)30. 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（三）給下列短文加上標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd

35、began to shout, but the drunk didn't realize the danger. The bull was busy with the matador (斗牛士) at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was wearing a red cap. The bull forgot all about the matador and rushed to the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, se

36、emed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close him he stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd burst into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk outside. even the bull seemed to fell sorry for him, for it looked on s

37、ympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more drew its attention to the matador.四、翻譯練習(xí)：（一）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞）1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken

38、place in my home town in the past ten years. 6. Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 7. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8. Classes begin at eight every day. 9. This box weighs five kilos. 10. I lived in Beijing five years ago.11. Lets act at once/ imm

39、ediately12. Dark clouds hung overhead, and a heavy snow fell/ it snows heavily.13. He happened to have some money with him.14. Gradually a smile appeared on her face.15. I hurried to the school with my schoolbag.16. He is smiling all over his face. OR: He wears a smile on his face.17. I did well in

40、English.（二）主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）1. I wrote a letter last night.  2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully.5. You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6. That gentlemen can speak three languages flu

41、ently.7. I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 8. Jim cannot dress himself.9. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10. He did not know what to say.（三）主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）1. My brothers are all college students. 2. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 3. Mrs.

42、 Brown looks very healthy. 4. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5. Children, keep quiet please. 6. This book is about the history of the United States. 7. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8. He is out of work. 9. The leaves have turned yellow. 10. The report soun

43、ds interesting. 11. The shop stays open till 8 oclock.12. The machine went wrong.13. All these efforts seem in vain14. These words sound reasonable.15. The room soon became crowded.（四）雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) ）1. Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. 2. Grandma told me an interesting story last night

44、. 3. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6. This term I have written three letters to my parents. 7. My father has bought me a new bike.8. Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. 9. Will you please get me a ne

45、w copy? 10. Shall I call you a taxi? （五）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）1. We call her Alice. 2. His parents named him John. 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. They pushed the door open. 5. They have set the thief free. 6. We will make our school more beautiful. 7. He asked us to join in the game.8. I want

46、you to tell me the truth.9. The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10. Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine. 11. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12. The pain made him cry out. 13. We wont let her go out at night. 14. He has his hair cut once a month. 15. Ill get my recorder mended. 16. The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17. She is listening to someone telling stories. 18. he boys were watching the