1、直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語一、概念一、概念 引述別人的話時(shí)，一般采用兩種方式：一是引用別人引述別人的話時(shí)，一般采用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，稱為直接引語；二是用自己的的原話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，稱為直接引語；二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，稱為間接引語。話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，稱為間接引語。間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)賓語從語賓語從語。直接引語變成。直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：間接引語時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓、賓語從句要用語從句要用陳述語序陳述語序。例如：。例如：直

2、接引語：直接引語：He said，“I want to have a drink now.”間接引語：間接引語：He said that he wanted to have a drink then.二、變身方法二、變身方法1. 人稱變化：人稱變化：口訣：口訣：一主二賓三不變。即直接引語的第一人稱取決于主一主二賓三不變。即直接引語的第一人稱取決于主句的主語句的主語,第二人稱取決于主句的賓語第二人稱取決于主句的賓語,第三人稱一般不變。第三人稱一般不變。1）He said, “I get on well with people here.”He said that he got on well w

3、ith people there.2）Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”Susan said that they could finish the work the next day.3）John said, “Mary went to Beijing three days ago.”John said that Mary had gone to Beijing three days before.2.時(shí)態(tài)變化：時(shí)態(tài)變化：口訣：口訣：主句現(xiàn)在從不變，主句過去從順延。即如果主句中主句現(xiàn)在從不變，主句過去從順延。即如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在

4、時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可以不變賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可以不變;如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí),則從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)或過去完成時(shí)要變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)或過去完成時(shí) 1)He said, “ I get up early every morning.”He said that he got up early every morning. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí))2) She said, “I am working on a homework project.”She said she

5、was working on a homework project. (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí))3) She said, “ I met my friend in the street.”She said that she had met her friend in the street. (一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí))注意：注意：在下面幾種情況下在下面幾種情況下,從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可以保持不從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可以保持不變變:1) 直接引語敘述的是直接引語敘述的是科學(xué)真理科學(xué)真理 客觀事實(shí)客觀事實(shí) 格言格言等等 例如例如:“The moon moves ar

6、ound the earth,” the teacher said to the students. The teacher told the students that the moon moves around the earth. 2) 直接引語中有明確的不受語境限制的過去時(shí)間狀語直接引語中有明確的不受語境限制的過去時(shí)間狀語 例如例如:“John went to Paris by air in 1985,” Jack said. Jack said John went to Paris by air in 1985.3. 狀語和指示代詞的變化：狀語和指示代詞的變化：牢記：牢記：this/

7、thesethat /those, nowthen, todaythat day, yesterdaythe day before, last yearthe year before, agobefore, herethere等。等。例如：例如：He said, “I havent seen her today.”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.4.直接引語是直接引語是一般一般(選擇選擇/反意反意)疑問句疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，變成間接引語時(shí)，由連詞由連詞whether或或if 引導(dǎo)。例如：引導(dǎo)。例如：He asked me, “Do you l

8、ike playing football?”He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.5.直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由相應(yīng)相應(yīng)的疑的疑問詞問詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導(dǎo)。等引導(dǎo)。例如：例如：My sister asked me, “How do you like the film?”My sister asked me how I liked the film.6.直接引語是直接引語是祈使句祈使句，變成間接引語時(shí)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成，

9、變成間接引語時(shí)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前加，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語。等的賓語。例如：例如：The captain ordered, “Be quiet.”The captain ordered us to be quiet.注意：注意：下列情況的否定句中，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加下列情況的否定句中，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。My teacher asked me, “Dont laugh.”My teacher asked me not to laugh.(2013湖南高考湖南高考)“What do you want to be?” as

10、ked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I president,” said the boy, with a smile.A. have beenB. amC. wasD. will be【解析解析】選選D?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句中這個(gè)男孩笑著說?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句中這個(gè)男孩笑著說“噢噢,我將會(huì)成我將會(huì)成為總統(tǒng)為總統(tǒng)”。本題涉及直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)用法。結(jié)合句意可知用。本題涉及直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)用法。結(jié)合句意可知用一般將來時(shí)，且在直接引語中時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。一般將來時(shí)，且在直接引語中時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。 【高考鏈接高考鏈接】【課堂訓(xùn)練課堂訓(xùn)練】1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He sa

11、id that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down i

12、n the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met her _ _ _.heatetoldhad found hisshe had takenrisesgoestoldhadthe day before6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her _ _ _.9. He said, “Y