1、物理專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)題庫(kù)文稿歸稿存檔編號(hào)：|KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129 G00I-FDQS58 專(zhuān)業(yè)應(yīng)試題庫(kù)專(zhuān)業(yè)應(yīng)試題庫(kù)一，專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯翻譯Asphericalsystemofcoordinates 球坐標(biāo)系A(chǔ)bsolutescale 絕對(duì)溫標(biāo)Absolutetemperature 絕對(duì)溫度Absolutezero 絕對(duì)零度Acuteangle 銳角Adiabaticprocess 絕熱過(guò)程Adjacent 鄰近的Amountofheat 熱量Amplitude 振幅Analyticalexpression 解析式Angularmomentum 角動(dòng)量Angularveloc

2、ity 角速度Annihilate 湮滅Appreciable 相當(dāng)多的Approximatesolution 近彳以解Arbitrarily 任意的變換莫測(cè)的Assumethat 假設(shè)Atconstantpressure 定壓Atrest 靜止的，Axialsymmetry 軸對(duì)稱(chēng)Axisofrotation 轉(zhuǎn)軸Beindependentof 獨(dú)立的，Beproportionalto 與成正比Bend 使彎曲的Capacitor 電容器Centerofmass 用心Centripetalforce 向心力Cgs 厘米一克一秒制(Centimeter-Gram-Second)Changein

3、jumps 突變Chaotic 無(wú)序的Chargebyconduct 接觸起電Chargebyinduction 感應(yīng)起電Circulationmotion 圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)Classicalmechanics 經(jīng)典力學(xué)Coefficient 系數(shù)Coherent 相干性Combustionengine 內(nèi)燃機(jī)Comparison 參照物Compensate 補(bǔ)償，抵消Conductor 導(dǎo)體Consecutive 連貫的Consequently 結(jié)果，因此Conservation 守恒Considerable 相當(dāng)大的Constant常量Constructiveinterference 干涉相長(zhǎng)Co

4、ordinatesystem 坐標(biāo)系Coulomb*slaw 庫(kù)侖定律Counter-phase 反相Cross-sectional 橫截面Curl 旋度Curvilinearmotion 曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)Cyclicprocess 循環(huán)過(guò)程Decrement 衰減率Denominator 分母Density 密度Derivative 導(dǎo)數(shù)Destructiveinterference 干涉相消Developing 顯影Deviationfrom 脫離逸出Diatomic 雙原子的Difference 差異Diffraction 衍射Dimension 維Discretevalue 離散值Displa

5、cement 位移Distance 距離Distributionfunction 分布函數(shù)Divergence 散度Dynamics 動(dòng)力學(xué)Elasticcollision 彈性碰撞Electricdipole 電偶極子Electricfield 電場(chǎng)Electricpotential 電勢(shì)Electricpotentialenergy 電勢(shì)能Electricallypolarized 電極化Electrodynamics 電動(dòng)力學(xué)Electromagnetic 電磁學(xué)Electron 電子Electrostatic 靜電Elementarymass 兀質(zhì)量，質(zhì)量兀Embodiment 體現(xiàn)具

6、體化Emulsion 感光劑Energy 能量Energylevel 能級(jí)Entropy 燃Equilibrium 平衡Equipartitionprinciple 均分定理Ether 以太Exposure 曝光Externalforce 夕卜力Factor 因素Firstlawofthermodynamics 熱力學(xué)第一定律Focalplane 焦平面Fraunhoferdiffraction 夫瑯和費(fèi)衍射Freefall 自由落體Friction 摩擦力Gammaphoton 伽馬射線Generaltheoryrelativity 廣義相對(duì)論Geometrical 幾何的Gradient

7、梯度Gravity 重力,地心引力Growproportionallyto 正比增長(zhǎng)Harmonicfunction 調(diào)和函數(shù)Harmonicoscillator 諧振子Heat 熱Heatcapacity 熱容Heatengine 熱機(jī)Heattransfer 熱傳遞Hence 因此Histogram 直方圖Hologram 全息圖Holography 全系照相Homogeneous（反應(yīng)堆）燃燒和減速劑均勻調(diào)和的Huygens*Principle 惠更斯原理Hypotheticalmedium 假設(shè)介質(zhì)Idealgass 理想氣體Identical 同一的，完全相同的Illuminate

8、說(shuō)明Impart 給予Impulse 沖量Inalienable 不可分割的Incidentlight 入射光Inclination 傾角Incoherene 非相干的Increase 增加Increment 增量Inertia 慣性Inertialreferenceframe 慣性參考系Infraredradiation 紅外輻射Initialmoment 初始時(shí)刻Instantaneous 瞬間的Insulator 絕緣體Integral 積分Interference 干涉Internalenergy 內(nèi)能Internalforce 內(nèi)力Intra-molecularenergy 分子內(nèi)能

9、Isotropic 各向同性的Kinematics 運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)Lawofcosinesquare 余弦定理Lengthcontraction 長(zhǎng)度收縮Macroscopic 宏觀的Mass 質(zhì)量Mass-energyconversion 質(zhì)能轉(zhuǎn)換Meandistance 平均距離Mechanicalequivalentofheat 熱功當(dāng)量Mechanics 力學(xué)Medium 介質(zhì)Microscopic 微觀的Molarheatgascapacity 氣體摩爾熱容Mole 摩爾Molecularphysics 分子物理學(xué)Momentum 動(dòng)量Monatomic 單原子Monochromaticli

10、ght 單色光Motion 運(yùn)動(dòng)Multiply 乘以Neutron 中子Newton,sfirstlaw 牛頓第一定律Non-equilibriumstate 非平衡態(tài)Normalacceleration 法向加速度Normalto 垂直于Nuclei 原子核Nucleon 核子Numerator 分子Objectbeam 物體光束Obtuseangle 鈍角Operator 算符Overlap 重疊Polarization 兩極分化極化Parallelaxistheorem 平行軸定理Parallelbeams 平行光束Parallelrays 平行光Parallelogrammethod

11、 平行四邊形法則Parameterofstate 狀態(tài)參數(shù)Perfectlyrigidbody 剛體Perpendicular 垂直的Phasedifference 相位差Phenomena 現(xiàn)象Piston 活塞Pointcharge 點(diǎn)電荷Pointparticle 質(zhì)點(diǎn)Power 功率Preference 優(yōu)先權(quán)Principleofrelativity 相對(duì)性原理Probability 可能性Probabilitydistributionfunction 概率分布函數(shù)Projection 投影Propagate 傳播Proton 質(zhì)子Pseudoscopic 幻視鏡的Quantitat

12、iveconclusion 定量結(jié)論Quasi-static 準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)的Radian 弧度Radius 半徑Rarefaction 稀薄的Realimage 實(shí)像Rectilinearmotion 直線運(yùn)動(dòng)Redistribution 重新分配Referenceframe 參考系Referencewave 參考波Relativeatomicmassofanelement 相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量Relativemolecularmassofsubstance 相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量Relaxationprocess 弛豫過(guò)程Relaxationtime 弛豫時(shí)間Reversible(process)可逆過(guò)程Rotat

13、ionalinertia 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量Scalar 標(biāo)量Scalarfield 標(biāo)量場(chǎng)Semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體Semitransparent 半透明的Solidangle 立體角Spatialcoherence 空間相干性Specialtheoryofrelativity 狹義相對(duì)論Specificheatcapacity 比熱容Speed 速度速率Stationary 固定的SubscriptF 標(biāo)Superpose 重疊的Superposition 神力口Symmetry 對(duì)稱(chēng)的Temperature 溫度Temporalcoherence 時(shí)間相干性Terminalvelocity

14、 末速度Testcharge 檢驗(yàn)電荷Thedifferenceonopticalpath 光程差Theequationofstateofanidealgass 理想氣體物態(tài)方程Themagnitudeofavector 向量的大小Thenumberofdegreeoffreedom 自由度數(shù)量Thereciprocalof 倒數(shù)Therefractiveindex 折射率Theright-handscrewrule 右手螺旋定則Thesecondderivativeof 二階導(dǎo)數(shù)Thesquareofdistance 距離的平方Thetangentialacceleration 切向加速度T

15、hermodynamictemperaturescale 熱力學(xué)溫標(biāo)Threedimensional 三維的Timeaveragedvalue 時(shí)間均值Timedilation 時(shí)間膨脹Timepiece 計(jì)時(shí)器Torque 力矩Torsionbalance 扭秤Translationmotion 平動(dòng)Triatomic 三原子的Tuningfork 音義Twinparadox 李生佯謬Ultravioletlight 紫外線Undeformablebody 不可形變體，剛體Uniformcircularmotion 勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)Unittime 單位時(shí)間Vectorfield 矢量場(chǎng)Vect

16、ors 矢量Velocity 速度,矢量Virtualimage 虛像Wavelength 波長(zhǎng)Wavenumber 波數(shù)Weight 重量二、段落翻譯翻譯（5x4）lxForastationaryfield,theworkdoneonaparticlebytheforcesofthefieldmaydependontheinitialandfinalpositionoftheparticleandnotdependonthepathalongwhichtheparticlemoved.Forceshavingsuchapropertyarecalledconservative.對(duì)于固定的場(chǎng),

17、力作用在質(zhì)點(diǎn)上的公取決于初始位置和末位置， 而與路徑無(wú)關(guān),具有這個(gè)性質(zhì)的力叫保守力.2、Acombinationofbodiesthatarestationaryrelativetooneanotherwithrespecttowhichmotionisbeingconsideredanatimepieceindicatingthetimeformsareferenceframe.由運(yùn)動(dòng)上相對(duì)靜止的物體所組成的復(fù)合體，外加顯示（記錄）時(shí)間的儀器，一起構(gòu)成了參考系統(tǒng)。3Theconceptsofanequilibrium,stateandareversibleprocessplayagreatp

18、artinthermodynamics.Allthequantitativeconclusionsofthermodynamicsarestrictlyapplicable （適用）onlytoequilibriumstatesandreversibleprocesses.可逆過(guò)程和平衡態(tài)是熱力學(xué)里重要的部分， 所有的熱力學(xué)定量結(jié)論都嚴(yán)格適合于平衡態(tài)和可逆過(guò)程.4、Ifagasisinequilibrium,itsmoleculesmoveabsolutelywithoutorder,chaotically.Allthedirectionsofmotionareequallyprobable,

19、andnoneofthemcanbegivenpreferenceoverothers.如果氣體處于平衡態(tài),那么氣體分子運(yùn)動(dòng)就沒(méi)有規(guī)律,無(wú)序的， 分子朝各個(gè)方向上的運(yùn)動(dòng)的概率相等,沒(méi)有比其他的更具有優(yōu)勢(shì).5、Huygensfprinciple：Thetheorybywhichlightwavesspreadingoutfromapointsourcecanberegardedasthesuperpositionoftinysecondarywavelets.惠更斯原理，點(diǎn)光源發(fā)出的光可以看成是次級(jí)微小光波的疊加.6、Ifweimagineaseparateisolatedbodyinaspac

20、ewherenootherbodiesarepresent,thenwecannotspeakofthemotionofthebodybecausethereisnothingwithrespecttowhichthebodycouldchangeitsposition.如果我們假設(shè)一個(gè)物體所處的空間中沒(méi)有其他物體,我們不能說(shuō)明這個(gè)物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)有可以觀測(cè)這個(gè)物體位置改變的參考物.7Translationalmotionisdefinedasmotioninwhichanystraightlineassociatedwiththemovingbodyremainsparallelto

21、itself.平動(dòng)可以定義為平動(dòng)的物體上兩點(diǎn)的連線在運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中保持平行.8Dynamicsstudiesthemotionofbodieswithaviewtowhatcausesthismotiontohavethenatureitdoes,i.e.withaviewtotheinteractionsbetweenbodies.動(dòng)力學(xué)研究的是物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因，即物體之間的相互作用.10, Vectorsaredefinedasquantitiescharacterizedbyanumericalvalueandadirectionand,also,asonesthatareaddedaccor

22、dingtothetriangleorparallelogrammethod.矢量具有大小和方向，而且還可以用矢量三角形和平行四邊形法則合成.11, Weshalldefineinternalforcesastheforceswithwhichgivenbodyisacteduponbytheotherbodiesofthesystemandexternalforcesasthoseproducedbytheactionofbodiesnotbelongtothesystem.我們可以定義內(nèi)力是由系統(tǒng)中其他物體產(chǎn)生的，外力是不屬于系統(tǒng)的物體產(chǎn)生并導(dǎo)致物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因12, Conservativ

23、eforcescanbedefinedintwoways：(1)asforceswhoseworkdoesnotdependonthepathalongwhichaparticlepassesfromonepointtotheanother,and(2)asforceswhoseworkalonganyclosedpathequalszero.保守力具有兩種性質(zhì):保守力所做的功只與位置有關(guān),與路徑無(wú)關(guān)，閉合路徑的功為零14, WecanthususethefunctionEptodeterminetheworkdoneonaparticlebyconservativeforcesalongan

24、ypathbeginningatarbitrarypoint1andterminatingatarbitrarypoint2.我們可以用來(lái) ep 表示保守力對(duì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)從任意點(diǎn) 1 道任意點(diǎn) 2 所做的功15, Assumingthatthereferenceframerelativetowhichweareconsideringthecomplexmotionofarigidbodyisstationary,themotionofthebodycanberepresentedasrotationwiththeangularvelocitycoinareferenceframemovingtrans

25、lationallywiththevelocityv0relativetothestationaryframe.假設(shè)參考系相對(duì)我們要研究的剛體是靜止的，那么物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)可以看成是以 W 為角速度的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和以速度為 V 的平動(dòng).16, Allthequantitativeconclusionsofthethermodynamicsarestrictlyapplicableonlytoequilibriumstatesandreversibleprocesses.熱力學(xué)中所有的定量結(jié)論都嚴(yán)格遵守平衡態(tài)和可逆過(guò)程.17, Theabsolutetemperatureisproportionaltothe

26、meankineticenergyoftranslationalmotionofthemoleculesofasubstance.絕對(duì)溫度與物質(zhì)的平均平動(dòng)動(dòng)能成正比.18, TheheatcapacityofabodyisdefinedasthequantityequaltotheamountofheatthatmustbeimpartedtothebodytoraiseitstemperaturebyoneKelvin.物體的熱容為物體升高每開(kāi)爾文所需要的熱量.19, Temperature:Ameasureoftheaveragekineticenergypermoleculeinasub

27、stance,measureindegreesCelsiusorFahrenheitorinKelvin.溫度,分子平均動(dòng)能的量度,單位為攝氏度,華氏度和開(kāi)爾文.20, Absolutezero：thelowestpossibletemperaturethatasubstancemayhave-thetemperatureatwhichmoleculesofasubstancehavetheirminimumkineticenergy.絕對(duì)零度:物體溫度最低的可能值.此時(shí),分子具有最小動(dòng)能21, Multiplicationtheoremofprobabilities：theprobabilityofthesimultaneousoccurrenceofstatisticallyindependenteventsequalstheproductoftheprobabilitiesofeachofthemoccurringseparately.概率相乘定理:獨(dú)立事件同時(shí)發(fā)生的概率等于每個(gè)事件單獨(dú)發(fā)生概率的乘積.22, Entropy:ameasu