1、新視野讀寫教程第三版第二冊讀寫教程課后翻譯參考答案第一單元英譯中English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nationswhose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English an

2、d Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British

3、Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema

4、, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人們普遍認(rèn)為英語是一種世界語言，經(jīng)常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用。 與其他語言一樣，英語也發(fā)生了很大的變化。英語的歷史可以分為三個(gè)主要階段：古英語，中古英語和現(xiàn)代英語。英語起源于公元5 世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時(shí)三個(gè)日耳曼部落入侵英國，他們對英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代社會初期，英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從17 世紀(jì)初，它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現(xiàn)。 歐洲幾百年的探險(xiǎn)和殖民過程導(dǎo)致了英語的重大變化。今天， 由于美國電影、電視、貿(mào)易和技術(shù)、包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大受歡迎

5、，美國英語的影響力尤其顯著。漢譯中中國書法(calligraphy)是一門獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)、是世界上獨(dú)一無二的藝術(shù)現(xiàn) 寶。中國書法藝術(shù)的形成，發(fā)展與漢文字的產(chǎn)生與演進(jìn)存在著密不可分的關(guān)系。漢字在漫長的演變發(fā)展過程中，一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)。書法能夠通過作品把書法家個(gè)人的生活感受、學(xué)識、修養(yǎng)、個(gè)性等折射出來，所以，通常有“字如其人 ”的說法。中國書法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶，而且在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫中獨(dú)放異彩。Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the

6、world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a

7、 unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers per sonal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality,and so forth, thus there is an expression that“ seeing the calligrapher s handlike seeing the person ” A. s one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines

8、 splendidly in the world s treasure house of culture and art.第二單元英譯漢A MOOC (massive open online course) is an online course aimed atunlimited participation and open access via the web. M00Cs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education. These

9、 classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials, M00Cs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors. M

10、OOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course inspire people to “ tryon” subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself; provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging mu

11、ltimodal ( 多模式的) learning that canaddress the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕課是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程，它旨在通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)廣泛參與和開放接入。慕課是遠(yuǎn)程教育邁出的最新一步，現(xiàn)已在高等教育領(lǐng)域迅速引領(lǐng)潮流。通過這些課程，大學(xué)可以擴(kuò)大影響的范圍，從影響成千上萬住在城里付學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)生，擴(kuò)展到惠及全球上百萬的學(xué)生。除了擁有傳統(tǒng)的課程資料，慕課

12、還給使用者提供互動論壇，支持學(xué)生和講師之間的交流。慕課能夠促進(jìn)參與者之間的交流，使得多種觀點(diǎn)、知識和技能涌現(xiàn)到課堂上來；它鼓勵人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程，甚至是嘗試新的教育方式；它提供多種學(xué)習(xí)課程資料的方式，鼓勵多模式學(xué)習(xí)，以各種學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格滿足學(xué)習(xí)者的需求；另外， 慕課促進(jìn)教學(xué)的改善，使技術(shù)在面對面授課中得以更好地應(yīng)用。中 翻 英 近年來， 隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我國的數(shù)字化教育資源建設(shè)取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)平臺，數(shù)字化教學(xué)在教育中發(fā)揮著越來越大的作用。和傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方式相比，數(shù)字化教學(xué)方式有很大的優(yōu)勢。一方面， 數(shù)字化教學(xué)使教學(xué)資源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了學(xué)習(xí)者

13、的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和空間，人們可以隨時(shí)隨地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)入數(shù)字化的虛擬學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學(xué)習(xí)成為可能。In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teachin

14、g is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditionalway of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learner stusdy time and space to learn

15、, allowing people to get accessto the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.第三單元英譯中 As an important part of the American culture value system,“ individualism ”is admired by

16、most American people. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members. In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically. W

17、hat would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual. With freedom comes the responsibility to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the responsibility: to accept the consequencesof the choices. Many A

18、mericans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant. Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had a strong effect on the family.作為美國文化價(jià)值體系的一個(gè)重要組成部分， “個(gè)人主義”受到大多數(shù)美國人的推崇。美國人認(rèn)為

19、家庭作為一個(gè)群體，其主要目的是促進(jìn)家庭各成員的幸福。與許多其他文化相比，美國家庭成員的主要職責(zé)，不是在社會上或經(jīng)濟(jì)上提高整個(gè)家庭的地位。人們通常認(rèn)為，什么是對個(gè)人最好的要比什么是對家庭最好的更為重要。與自由相伴而來的是照顧自己的責(zé)任，因?yàn)樗x擇的自由承載了責(zé)任，即必須接受自己的選擇所帶來的后果。許多美國人給他們的孩子很多的自由，因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ⒆觽兡軌颡?dú)立和自力更生。在美國人強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人自由的同時(shí)，父母與孩子間平等的信念也對美國家庭產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。中譯英 孝道(filial piety)是中國古代社會的基本道彳惠規(guī)范(code of ethics)。中國人把孝視為人格之本、家庭和睦之本、國家安康之

20、本。由于孝道是儒家倫理思想的核心，它成了中國社會千百年來維系家庭關(guān)系的道德準(zhǔn)則。它毫無疑問是中華民族的一種傳統(tǒng)美德。孝道文化是一個(gè)復(fù)合概念，內(nèi)容豐富，涉及面廣。它既有文化理念，又有制度禮儀(institutional etiquette) 。一般來說，它指社會要求子女對父母應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，包括尊敬、關(guān)愛、贍養(yǎng)老人等等。孝道是古老的“東方文明”之根本。Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in the ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence o

21、f a person s integrity, family harmony, athe nation wsell-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it hasbeen the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationshipfor thousands of years. It s undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial

22、 piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth.

23、Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient “ Oriental civilization ”.第四單元英譯中 Valentine Dsay on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries. It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers. There are different origins regardi

24、ng the festival. One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods. On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer d ausghter of blindness. The night before

25、he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “ From your Valentine ” . Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones. Today, people celebrate Valentine s Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or othergifts, or joi

26、ning in romantic dinners. The holiday has now become popular all over the world. In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和歐洲各國都會慶祝2 月 14 日的情人節(jié)。這是一個(gè)充滿愛情和浪漫的節(jié)日， 戀人之間通常都會交換情人卡和愛情信物。關(guān)于這個(gè)節(jié)日的起源有著不同的說法。 一個(gè)傳說是羅馬人把一個(gè)叫圣瓦倫丁的神父關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄，因?yàn)樗芙^相信羅馬神。2 月 14 日那天，瓦倫丁被處死，不僅因?yàn)樗腔酵剑?/p>

27、而且因?yàn)樗斡艘晃槐O(jiān)獄看守雙目失明的女兒。他在被處死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名 “你的瓦倫丁”的告別信。后來，2 月 14 日就成了一個(gè)人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節(jié)日。現(xiàn)在， 人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節(jié)，他們發(fā)送賀卡、鮮花，贈送巧克力或其他禮品，或共進(jìn)浪漫的晚餐。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)節(jié)日已流行世界各地。在中國，這個(gè)節(jié)日也正越來越受年輕人的歡迎。中譯英 農(nóng)歷七月初七是中國的七夕節(jié)(Qixi Festival，) 是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個(gè)節(jié)日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動，年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此，七夕節(jié)被認(rèn)為是中國的情人節(jié)”(Valentine ' SoDiy少節(jié)來自

28、牛郎與織女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的傳說。相傳，每年的這個(gè)夜晚，天 上的織女都會與牛郎相會。所以， 在七夕的夜晚，人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河(the Milky Way)相會。姑娘們也會在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧，以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時(shí)代的變遷，這些活動正在消失，唯有標(biāo)志著忠貞愛情的牛郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間。July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every ye

29、ar, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “ Valentine D ays” T. he Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night e

30、very year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing

31、. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.第五單元英翻中 The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued u

32、ntil the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies. Among many great explorers du

33、ring this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so f

34、orth. This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations acknowledging each other.大發(fā)現(xiàn)年代，也被稱為大勘探年代，是歐洲進(jìn)行全球勘查的一個(gè)歷史時(shí)期，始于

35、 15 世紀(jì)初并一直持續(xù)到18 世紀(jì)。 這一時(shí)期通常被認(rèn)為是中世紀(jì)和近代之間的橋梁， 當(dāng)時(shí)西方帝國主義剛興起，歐洲各王國之間正在經(jīng)濟(jì)上互相競爭，他們想通過建立貿(mào)易路線和殖民地來尋找財(cái)富。在這一時(shí)期眾多偉大的探險(xiǎn)家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗哥倫布，因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸。歐洲的海外擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致了殖 民帝國的崛起，舊大陸與新大陸的接觸也促成了兩邊的互相交換：大量的植物、動物、食物、文化等得到遷移。這代表了歷史上生態(tài)、農(nóng)業(yè)和文化在全球范圍內(nèi)最重大的活動之一。歐洲大勘探讓繪制全球性的世界地圖成為可能，從而使人們看到一個(gè)新的世界與古老的文明正遙相呼應(yīng)。中譯英絲綢之路（Silk Roa。是我國古代一條連接中國和歐亞

36、大陸（Eurasia）的交通線路，由于這條商路以絲綢貿(mào)易為主，故稱“絲綢之路 ”。作為國際貿(mào)易的通道和文化交流的橋梁，絲綢之路有效地促進(jìn)了東西方經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流和發(fā)展，對世界文明進(jìn)程有著深遠(yuǎn)影響。當(dāng)前，在新的歷史條件下，我國提出了“一帶一路 ”（One Belt, One Road （即 絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”和“2他:紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”）的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想。 “一帶一路 ”以合作共贏為核心，強(qiáng)調(diào)相關(guān)各國的互利共贏和共同發(fā)展。這 一戰(zhàn)略一經(jīng)提出即受到沿線各國的積極響應(yīng)。The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China an

37、d Eurasia.This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name“ the Silk Road ” .international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact o

38、n the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “ One Belt, One Road ” （namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road）. The strategy of “ OneBelt, One Road” focuses on cooperation and mutual

39、 benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.第六單元英譯中Minimalism （極簡主義） is about getting rid of excess stuff and keeping onlywhat you need.

40、Minimalist living, in simplest terms, is to live with as less as possible, mentally and physically until you achieve peace of mind. Results that ensue are less stress, more time, and increased happiness. Minimalists like to say that they re limore meaningfully, more deliberately, and that the minima

41、list lifestyle allows them to focus on what ms ore important in life: friends, hobbies, travel, experiences. Of course, minimalism doesn t mean there s anything inherently wrong with owning material possessions.Today s problem seems to be that we tend to give too much meaning to our things, often forsaking （拋棄 ） our health, our relationships, our passions, our personal growth, and our desire to contribute beyond ourselves. In addition to its application in people s daily life, minimalism also fionndsinapplicatmany creative disciplines, including art, arch