1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的歸納一幾個(gè)基本概念1.定語(yǔ)從句的定義：用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。2.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。3.定語(yǔ)從句的位置：緊跟先行詞（名詞或代詞）之后。4.引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞（包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）。1關(guān)系代詞：that/who/whom/which/as2關(guān)系副詞：when/where/why5.引導(dǎo)詞的位置：位于定語(yǔ)從句之前（先行詞之后）?！綼s除外】6.引導(dǎo)詞的功能（作用）：1連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句。2在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分（關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)）。7.定語(yǔ)從句的類(lèi)型：1限定性定語(yǔ)從句（主句和定語(yǔ)從句之間無(wú)逗號(hào)

2、）。 直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句The man who youre talking to is my friend. 由介詞+關(guān)系代詞（whom/which）引導(dǎo)The man to whom youre talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中的相關(guān)詞組確定，該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talk

3、ed about (介詞)at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about（介詞） whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to （介詞）was built in the 17th century.=The palace to （介詞）which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.二.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系

4、副詞的基本用法。1.who/that指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞，又作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，不能省略。Do you know the gentleman who/that（代替gentlmen,在從句中作主語(yǔ)） is sitting there?2.whom/who/that指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞，又作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)（動(dòng)賓或介賓）。 當(dāng)作動(dòng)賓（動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)）時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。Do you know the gentleman whom/who/that（代替met 后面the gentlmen,從句中做賓語(yǔ)) we met just now? 當(dāng)作介賓（介詞后接賓語(yǔ)）時(shí)：介詞不提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代

5、詞可省略；介詞提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不可省略，即介詞whom(指人時(shí)介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用whom)。The man (whom/who/that，可省略) I spoke with（介詞沒(méi)提前） is my teacher.The man with （提前了）whom （whom不可省略）I spoke is my teacher. 注：固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞+介詞）如look for, take care of等不能把動(dòng)詞與介詞拆開(kāi)，既介詞不能提至引導(dǎo)詞前。She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for. 3.whose: 指人或物

6、，是所有格“的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（動(dòng)賓或介賓）即先行詞的什么東西怎樣了，whose不能省略。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.I didnt find the desk whose leg was broken. （主語(yǔ)）He is the student whose pencil （動(dòng)詞broke的賓語(yǔ)）I broke yesterday. （動(dòng)賓）The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介賓）4.which/that

7、 指物，指代先行詞且在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)包括動(dòng)賓或介賓）。 當(dāng)作動(dòng)賓時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。 當(dāng)作介賓時(shí)：介詞不提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略；介詞提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不可省，即介詞which(指物時(shí)介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用which)。The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak. The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine. The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult. The game

8、s in which the young men competed were difficult. 注:介詞+關(guān)系代詞即介詞+whom/which(先行詞指人用whom，指物用which)。5.as指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，不能省略。主要用于 “the same as；such as；so as；as as；as follows”固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，形式固定此時(shí)的引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.Such people as Hill

9、 knew thought he was honest.My hometown is no longer the same as it was.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).Id like to have the same books as are used in your school.He is not such a person as I expected.He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.注

10、：which和as可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，有時(shí)可以互換。因此，當(dāng)as/which指代前面的整個(gè)句子，或前句中的部分內(nèi)容作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper.She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.He married her, as/which was natural.6 when關(guān)系副詞：指時(shí)間。在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)

11、間狀語(yǔ)，不能省略。此時(shí)的when還可用介詞+which替換（此時(shí)先行詞一定是表時(shí)間的名詞）。I still remember the time when I joined the League.I still remember the time on which I joined the League.I still remember the time (which/that) I joined the League on.7.where關(guān)系副詞：指地點(diǎn)。在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，不能省略。此時(shí)的where還可用介詞+which替換（此時(shí)先行詞一定是表地點(diǎn)的名詞）。I still remembe

12、r the school where I joined the League.I still remember the school in which I joined the League.I still remember the school (which/that) I joined the League in.注：對(duì)關(guān)系副詞when, where的認(rèn)識(shí)。. 先行詞是時(shí)間的名詞，并非都用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Ill never forget the time (which/that) I spent（及物動(dòng)詞，后面省略the time） in Beijing. 先行詞是地點(diǎn)的名詞

13、，并非都用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。This is the factory (which/that) he visited(及物動(dòng)詞，后面省略the factory) yesterday. 當(dāng)句型為It/This/That is(was) the first(secondlast) time引起的句子時(shí)用that連接其后的句子。此時(shí)的time是次數(shù)，不是時(shí)間。It/This is the first time that we travel.It/This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.8. why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因

14、狀語(yǔ)，先行詞通常為reason,不能省略。且why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能是限定性定語(yǔ)從句。Why= for whichI dont know the reason why he was late yesterday.The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus.注：當(dāng)先行詞為reason時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞并非都用why。This is the reason (that/ which) he gave/ explained（及物動(dòng)詞，后面省略the reason） to us.【判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞】從句缺少的是主語(yǔ)、

15、賓語(yǔ)還是狀語(yǔ)是確定用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵。試比較：I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong. ( spent是及物動(dòng)詞，后缺賓語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞或省略 )I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland. （ 從句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整，缺狀語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系副詞或介詞加關(guān)系代詞 ）The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday is

16、nt believable. ( gave是及物動(dòng)詞，后缺賓語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞或省略 )The reason why he didnt come to school yesterday isnt believable.（ 從句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整，缺狀語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系副詞或介詞加關(guān)系代詞 ）三. 值得注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：第一. 當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞(that/which)只用that的情況。1.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the best film that has been shown this year.This is the first book (that) I b

17、orrow from the library. He is the first student that/who came to school today.2.當(dāng)先行詞為兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別指人和物的名詞時(shí)。He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited. 3.當(dāng)先行詞本身是all的，用that。(all that=what)All that (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.=All (what) I want to say to you is “Thank

18、you”.Go over all that (what) we learned. =Go over all (what) we learned.（that在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)可以省略）4.先行詞為something, anything, nothing, everything, thing時(shí)，用that. Ill tell you anything (that) I know.5.當(dāng)先行詞前有all, much, little, many, (a) few, every, some, any, no, only, the very, one of, the only, the last, th

19、e next等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)。This is one of the books (that) Im very interesting in. This is one of the books in which Im very interesting.This is the only book (that) I read.He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.All the glasses that were on the table fell off onto the floor.6.（人，物），當(dāng)先行詞在以who或w

20、hich開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)以避免混淆Who is the man that is talking with the lady?Which of you that know the answer can come to the front?7.當(dāng)先行詞是在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用thatHe likes the girl that she used to be.第二. 當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞(that/which)只用which的情況。1.作介賓且介詞置于引導(dǎo)詞之前時(shí)The room in which he lives is very large.2.引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)（主

21、，賓都用which,都不能省略）Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. The house, which I visited yesterday, is very large.3.which指整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容或部分內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句He always makes fun of me, which upsets me.第三.其他特殊情況1.先行詞是these, those指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用who.Those who are playing over there are my stu

22、dents.2.先行詞是人稱(chēng)代詞(he, she)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用who.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.3.不定代詞someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用who.Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.4.先行詞是the only one of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式（因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的先行詞是the only one,而不

23、是of 后的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.先行詞是one of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式（因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的先行詞是of 后的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),而不是one）This is one of the students who are late.5.當(dāng)主句缺先行詞時(shí)，用the one 代替，但須注意：the one只能代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)如為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，指什么用什么Is

24、this school the one I visited yesterday?Is pop music the music he likes best?6. 當(dāng)先行詞是the way,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)（the way表以方式方法），引導(dǎo)詞通常用that或省略，也可用in whichI dont like the way (that) you speak.=I dont like the way in which you speak.=I dont like the way (which/that) you speak in.【運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題】1 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中

25、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和先行詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。This is one of the books which were written by Mark Twain.這是馬克吐溫所寫(xiě)的書(shū)中的一本。（先行詞是books，因此動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用were。）2 關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分，因此要注意避免從句中句子成分的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。This is the most beautiful place that I have visited it.This is the most beautiful place that I have visited. 這是我參觀過(guò)的最美的地方。（去掉it，因t

26、hat代替先行詞the most beautiful place在定語(yǔ)從句中作visit的賓語(yǔ)，再加it就多余了。） The school where I worked there is a big one.The school where I worked is a big one.我所工作過(guò)的學(xué)校是一所大學(xué)校。（去掉there，因where既引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，又在從句中代替in the school作狀語(yǔ)。）3 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略。The books were on the table were given to you.The books that were on the table were given to you.桌上的那些書(shū)是給你的。（關(guān)系代詞that作主語(yǔ)不能?。? “one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)情況?！皁ne of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)名詞是先行詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果“one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”前面有the very /only等修飾語(yǔ)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，因?yàn)橄刃性~是，而不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：He is the only one of the students who s