1、2017高考英語重點(diǎn)語法：高考英語常考語法總結(jié)形容詞和副詞形容詞、副詞是每年高考必考點(diǎn)之一 ，近幾年語境綜合化程度越來越高，難度加大。高考熱點(diǎn)有：形容詞、副詞詞義辨析;原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的使用;倍數(shù)的表 達(dá)方法;比較等級(jí)的修飾語;多個(gè)形容詞的排列順序;常見形容詞、副詞的慣用法等。 關(guān)于形容詞與副詞這一考點(diǎn)，主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面： 1. 考查形容詞和副詞的基本用法 形容詞在句中一般作定語、表語、補(bǔ)語，而副詞在句中主要作狀語。 2. 考查形容詞作定語的后置規(guī)律 形容詞作定語一般位于所修飾的名詞前，但下列三種情況形容詞要后置：形容詞短語作定語時(shí);表語形容詞作定語時(shí);修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)。 3. 考查

2、多個(gè)形容詞作定語的排序 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其排序規(guī)律是：(限定詞+程度副詞+) 描繪+大小(長(zhǎng)短、高低)+形狀+年齡(新舊)+顏色+國(guó)籍或產(chǎn)地+物質(zhì)材料+類別或用途+名詞。 4. 考查副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律 副詞修飾形容詞或其它副詞時(shí)，一般位于被修飾詞的前面，但enough卻要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞的后面。 5. 考查ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別 -ed形容詞，通常說明人，意為“(某人)感到”;-ing形容詞通常說明事物，意為“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。 6. 考查兩種不同形式的副詞的用法差異 即考查與形容詞同形的副詞與形容詞后加ly構(gòu)成的副詞的區(qū)別。 7. 考查形容詞和副

3、詞的比較等級(jí)。 8. 考查比較等級(jí)的修飾語 。 考點(diǎn)1： 在具體的語境中辨析形容詞與副詞的語義 從復(fù)現(xiàn)的頻率來看，此點(diǎn)是高考對(duì)形容詞、副詞考查的第一大熱點(diǎn)。解答此類題關(guān)鍵是要分析具體的語境，結(jié)合基本詞義、搭配等來選擇正確的答案。 經(jīng)過統(tǒng)計(jì)，常見?？嫉男稳菰~和副詞有(按頻度排列)：even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purpos

4、efully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising 還有以下形容詞和副詞應(yīng)當(dāng)熟悉和掌握： a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentiv ely; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; ea

5、sy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously

6、; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; shor t; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well 考點(diǎn)2：考查形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)及前面的修飾語 【備考清單】 1) 比較

7、級(jí)、最高級(jí)的選用及應(yīng)用范圍 比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)常用于表示兩者或多者間的比較。復(fù)習(xí)中須注意如下句型的用法： as + 原級(jí)adj. / adv. + as表示“和一樣”及not as / so + 原級(jí)adj. / adv. + as表示“不如”。例如： (94全國(guó)) John plays football as well as, if not better than, David. The piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good. as + 原級(jí)adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟一樣”。例如： (2001全國(guó)

8、) Its generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. (2003北京) Our neighbour has as big a house as ours. 比較級(jí) + than表“比更”及l(fā)ess . than表示“不如”。例如： This year they have produced less grain than they did last year. This road is wider than that one. the + 比較級(jí)， the + 比較級(jí)表示“越，就越”。例如： (9

9、3上海) Its believed that the harder you work, the better result youll get. the +比較級(jí)+ of the + 名詞 / 代詞表示兩者中“較的”。例如： Who is the younger of the two boys? 比較級(jí) + 比較級(jí)(越來越)。_ 例如： Our country is getting stronger and stronger. Things became worse and worse from then on. 用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不適合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如:

10、The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生氣。 He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不希望見的人。 2) 形容詞、副詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)前的程度狀語 注意一些形容詞或副詞前的特定修飾語。例如： (2004廣東) Sometimes it was a bit boring to work the re because there wasnt always that much to do. (那樣多) I quite like it. They are quite different /

11、 wrong. quite possible / impossible My hometown is much changed. much to my surprise(很讓我吃驚) be well worth doing (很值得做) 比較級(jí)前?？捎胹till, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等詞修飾。(注意more不用于修飾比較級(jí))。例如： (94全國(guó)) If there were no examinations, we should hav

12、e a much happier time. (2000上海) Youre standing too near the cinema. Can you move a bit farther? This is by far the better. 最高級(jí)可用序數(shù)詞、much、 by far、 nearly、 almost等詞修飾。例如： Afri ca is the second largest continent. The Pacific is by far the largest ocean. I like this film the very best / much the best. 考

13、點(diǎn)3： 形容詞作表語，形容詞、副詞作后置定語 【備考清單】 1) 形容詞用于系動(dòng)詞后作表語 在最近幾年高考試題中系動(dòng)詞加形容詞作表語的情況出現(xiàn)過很多次。高考對(duì)此點(diǎn)的考查集中于區(qū)別到底是系動(dòng)詞還是一般動(dòng)詞并選擇合適的形容詞，而不是副詞作表語。常見的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有如下三類： 表示感覺的系動(dòng)詞：sound, look, taste, appear, smell, feel, seem等 表示變化的系動(dòng)詞：become, fall, get, turn, grow, make, come, go等 表示狀態(tài)存在的系動(dòng)詞：remain, keep, stay, continue, prove, lie, s

14、tand等。2) 形容詞、副詞作后置定語 【備考清單】 常見的幾種修飾語后置的情況有： 形容詞修飾something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代詞時(shí)要后置。present作“出席的”時(shí)只作后置定語。表語形容詞如alive, asleep, awake, alone等只能作后置定語。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí), 放在動(dòng)詞之后 。修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí), 放在被修飾詞之前。enough修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)要后置，修飾名詞時(shí)可放在名詞的前后。形容詞短語修飾名詞作主語時(shí)要后置。用and或or連接的形容詞作定語時(shí)要后置, 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。表數(shù)量的詞作定語時(shí)要后置。副詞修飾形容詞的特殊

15、詞序, “so, as, how, too + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”。 考點(diǎn)4： 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法 【備考清單】 三種常見倍數(shù)表達(dá)法： 1) 倍數(shù) + as + 原級(jí)形容詞 + a s .。例如： This road is three times as long as that one. 2) 倍數(shù) + the size / length / width / depth / height of .。例如： The river is five times the width of that one. 3) 倍數(shù) + 比較級(jí) + than + 被比較對(duì)象。例如： The sun is a mill

16、ion times larger than the earth. 考點(diǎn)5： 多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的排序問題及語序不同意義不同的詞組 【備考清單】 1) 多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的排序問題 多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的排序一般遵從如下規(guī)律： 如果兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，與被修飾的名詞關(guān)系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差不多，則音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的在后。例如： a small wonderful gift 常用的順序?yàn)椋?限定詞+描繪性形容詞(beautiful)+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形容性形容詞+(large, long, high)+新舊(old)+顏色(red)+產(chǎn)地(Chi

17、nese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修飾名詞(desk) 記住以上規(guī)則是必要的，但還應(yīng)多閱讀、多體會(huì)，增強(qiáng)語感是關(guān)鍵。例如： all these last few days 最近的這些日子 some beautiful little red flowers 一些美麗的小紅花 a high red brick wall 一堵高高的紅磚墻 a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一輛漂亮的白色日本軍用吉普車 其中限定詞的排列順序?yàn)椋?all / both / half / double / 倍數(shù)詞 / 分?jǐn)?shù)詞 + 冠詞 / 指示代詞 /

18、 物主代詞 / 名詞所有格 / some / any / no / every / each +基數(shù)詞 / 序數(shù)詞 / little / few / last / next / other / another / more，形容詞的排列順序?yàn)椋捍笮?、長(zhǎng)短、高低、新舊、顏色、產(chǎn)地、材料、用途、類別等。 盡管以上給出了排序的基本規(guī)律，但由于所涉及的詞太多，想要記清楚確實(shí)有難度。下面給出四句口訣輔助記憶： 所有這些詞， 順序往后數(shù); 美小圓舊黃，法國(guó)木書房。 上面口訣中前兩句主要用于解決排在最前邊的多個(gè)限定詞之間的順序。它可以應(yīng)用于all (所有) these (這些) last (順序) few

19、(數(shù)量) days短語中。這個(gè)短語基本上可以體現(xiàn)多個(gè)限定詞之間的先后順序?？谠E后兩句可對(duì)應(yīng)一句話“This is a charming small round old yellow French wood reading room.”其中多個(gè)形容詞之間的先后順序基本上可以在這一句中得以體現(xiàn)，而且漢語歌訣的形式將使記憶更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌訣時(shí)最好是“抓兩頭”，即牢記排在最前邊的限定詞及排在最后邊的形容詞，如產(chǎn)地、材料、用途等，則能輕松突破此難點(diǎn)。 考點(diǎn)6： 考查形容詞與副詞區(qū)別, 易混詞帶有-ly的形容詞、副詞及復(fù)合形容詞 【備考清單】 1) 注意如下有無-ly的形容詞和副詞的意義區(qū)別：

20、wide / high / deep(具體的意義)寬 / 高 / 深 widely / highly / deeply(抽象意義)廣泛地 / 高度地 / 深深地 most十分、非常 / 最多(大)的 mostly主要地、絕大多數(shù)地、多半 close靠近地 closely密切地、仔細(xì)地 late遲的，遲到的 lately最近、近來 direct直接(主要用于談?wù)撀烦毯蜁r(shí)間,和straight意思相同) directly直率地、立即 2) 注意合成形容詞本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)形容詞，其合成部份中的名詞不能變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。例如： He wrote a two-thousand-word report. His

21、uncle is 6 feet tall. He is a forty-year old man. 3) “名詞+ ly”構(gòu)成的是形容詞，而不是副詞。 這類形容詞有friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily等 4) 有些詞既可以作形容詞也可以作副詞。例如: He got up late, so he was late for school again. Can you see that straight road? Go straight along this road, youll find the supermarket at the end. Thi

22、s maths problem was hard. I thought hard and got the answer at last. 【精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案 1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice. A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best 2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. b

23、etter D. the most 3. The plane flew smoothly _ in the sky and people spoke _ of the experienced pilot. A. high;high B. highly;highly C. high;highly D. highly;high 4. What do you think of the concert? Oh, it was_success. A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really 5. I havent seen_ this since I collected st

24、amps. A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp a 6.The task is too much for me, so I cant carry on _any longer. I must get some help. A. singly B.simply C.alone D.lonely 7. Have your working conditions improved? -No, _than before, Im afraid. A. no better B.a l

25、ittle batter C.not worse D.no worse 8. To their great relief, the missing child returned home, _, after an absence of two weeks. A.felt tired and sound B.tiring and soundly C.feeling tired but soundly D.tired but sound 9. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go_, you know. A.hand in han

26、d B.step by step C.from time ti time D.one zfter another 10. How are you getting on with your classates? _. Ive got to know them all. A. Far better B.Much pleased C.Very comfortable D.Very good 11. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language. A.extremely B.natu

27、rally C.basically D.especially 12. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science. A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as 13. It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twic

28、e as much 14. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white 15. This _girl is Lindas cousin. A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 16. Mr. Smith o

29、wns _collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large 17.Did you enjoy yourself at the party? Yes. Ive never been to _one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 18.Are you going to have a holiday this

30、year? I'd love to. I can't wait to leave this place _. A. off B. out C. behind D. over 19. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldnt get _ A. between B. through C. across D. beyond 20. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _heard of her. A. ev

31、en B. ever C. just D. never 21. (2008年天津市十二區(qū)縣重點(diǎn)學(xué)校高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考(一)，英語，33)You dont go to that supermarket quite often, do you? No, I only go there _ because its too far away from my house. A. eventually B. constantly C. occasionally D. frequently 22. (2008年天津市十二區(qū)縣重點(diǎn)學(xué)校高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考(二)，英語，3)My daughter cares more f

32、or new clothes than anything else in the world, so she is very _ about what she wears. A. special B. strict C. especial D. particular 23.(2009年東北三省三校第一次聯(lián)合模擬考試英語試題，英語，24)Well, thats just the deal. _ price will be out of my reach. A. The higher B. A higher C. The highest D. A highest 24. (唐山市20082009學(xué)

33、年度高三年級(jí)第一次模擬考試，英語，20)Much to my surprise, the eight-year-old boy fixed my computer within ten minutes. A.skillfully B.immediately C.normally D.nervously 25.(銀川一中2009屆高三年級(jí)第一次模擬考試，英語，33)Attention, coffee lovers! We have for you, the best coffee machine _ invented. A. ever B. already C. even D. nowadays

34、 26.(2008學(xué)年紹興一中第一次高考模擬試卷，英語，36)It is _ to spend money in preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people _ after they are ill. A. good; good B. well; better C. better; better D. better; good 27.(20082009學(xué)年度南昌市高三第一次模擬測(cè)試卷，英語，31)The increase of the number

35、of the students makes the limited computers not _ to each student. A.available B.affordable C.helpful D.acceptable 28. (湖北省黃岡中學(xué)2009屆高三第一次模擬考試，英語，28)Food safety is _ important, so the government spares no efforts to prevent food pollution. A.strongly B. reasonably C.highly D. naturally 39.(四川省資陽市2009

36、屆高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬考試, 英語，8)10,000 dollars is a large sum of money，but it is still _than we need for a new house A.very few B.very little C.far fewer D.far less 30. (山東省莒南一中20082009學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期學(xué)業(yè)水平階段性測(cè)評(píng)，英語,22) Wouldnt it be for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport. A.free B.vacant C.hand

37、y D.convenient 答案與解析 1. 【解析】A容易誤選D，認(rèn)為最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞。其實(shí)此題最佳答案為A，該句可視為I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意為“她唱得多好啊!我從未聽過她這么好的聲音”。 2. 【解析】C此題首先不宜選B或D，因?yàn)?well known 的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)通常是 better known和best known，有時(shí)也可以是 more well known 和 most well known，但通常不能是 more known 和 most known。至于是選A還是C，這就要看語境

38、。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 兩個(gè)對(duì)象，故應(yīng)選比較級(jí)。 3. 【解析】C high in the sky 是個(gè)形容詞短語，意為“高高地在天上”。同時(shí)，speak highly of 是個(gè)詞組，表示“高度贊揚(yáng)”的意思。 4. 【解析】B quite a , quite some用以指人或物不尋常，如We had quite a party.(我們的聚會(huì)不一般。)It must be quite some car.(那輛車可不比尋常。) 5. 【解析】A表示“象這么舊的郵票”可用以 下形式表達(dá)：as old a stamp as this; a stamp as old a

39、s this; 否定句中前一個(gè)as可用so。 6.【解析】C句意：這項(xiàng)任務(wù)對(duì)我來說太重了，我再也不能單獨(dú)自己做了，我必須找個(gè)助手。Singly各自的，一個(gè)一個(gè)地;simply簡(jiǎn)單的，僅僅，只不過;alone獨(dú)立，單獨(dú);lonely孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的。 7. 【解析】A你們的工作條件改善了嗎?-沒有，和以前一樣(不好)。no+比較級(jí)+ than 表示“兩者同樣不的意思”。 8. 【解析】D句意：使他們寬慰的是，丟失的孩子兩周后又重返家園，雖然很疲憊但很健康。形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或結(jié)果，不表示動(dòng)作的方式。 9. 【解析】A句意：我們必須保持室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生，你知道臟亂與疾病是分不開的。hand in hand

40、-happenning together and closely connected密切相關(guān)的，同時(shí)發(fā)生的。本句還可說成：Dirt goes hand in hand with disease. 10. 【解析】A句意：你和你們班的同學(xué)相處的如何?好多了，我和他們都認(rèn)識(shí)了。答語為省略句，補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)為：Im getting on far better with my classmates. 11. 【解析】D 本題考查副詞的詞義辨析。注意掌握詞語的準(zhǔn)確含義，結(jié)合語境進(jìn)行分析。A項(xiàng)意為“極端地”;B項(xiàng)意為“自然地”;C項(xiàng)“基本上”;D項(xiàng)“尤其，特別地”。根據(jù)句意“如果你不會(huì)講(它的)語言，在國(guó)外你就

41、總會(huì)困難重重”可知答案。 12.【解析】D本題可 從考查形容詞的同級(jí)比較點(diǎn)入手。在同級(jí)比較asas句式中，如果as后面的形容詞作定語且其所修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞時(shí)，該冠詞須置于形容詞之后，即形成“as + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + a s”結(jié)構(gòu)。這道題在名詞專題中也有解析，不同的是觀察視角不同，應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)發(fā)散思維。 13.【解析】D表示倍數(shù)的twice(兩倍)要放在第一個(gè)as前，即“倍數(shù)+as+形容詞(+名詞)+as”。故選D。 14.【解析】B large是“大小”，German是“產(chǎn)地”，white是“顏色”;其排列順序應(yīng)當(dāng)是“大小+顏色+產(chǎn)地”。故選B。 15. 【解析】A pretty是描繪性形容詞，little是表示大小的形容詞，Spanish是表示國(guó)籍的形容詞，所以，它們