1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去（ past-in-the-past ）”。-|- |-|-那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在 構(gòu)成：過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞 had + 過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中 had 通用于各種人稱。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù) 1.

2、 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： （ 1 ） by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before las

3、t Wednesday. 2. 由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定。 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： （ 1 ）賓語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）狀語(yǔ)從句中 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用

4、過(guò)去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the

5、 classroom. （3）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法 1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去

6、”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”） 2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 ) 3. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，它不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by

7、， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked

8、in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞 have (has) + 過(guò)去分詞”；過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 I had learned 1

9、000 English words till then.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 沒(méi)什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been? 他去哪兒了？（答語(yǔ)中使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)是指約翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”） 五、過(guò)去完

10、成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷：先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： She was very happy. Her whole fa

11、mily were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (

12、had) called her before I left the office.英語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)重難點(diǎn)實(shí)例講解要掌握好英語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)，最關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是要掌握它的含義?，F(xiàn)在很多的文章在講解過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)候，都用了一句流行的說(shuō)法，叫“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。雖然這樣的概括點(diǎn)明了過(guò)去完成時(shí)的要點(diǎn)，但究竟什么才叫“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”呢？如果不搞清它的含義，只是去記住什么時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如：before, by, until , when, after等)，或者記住哪些動(dòng)詞常用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)等等，是不能很好掌握過(guò)去完成時(shí)的。一、重點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)中，已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)過(guò)去一般時(shí)表示在過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，為什么還有過(guò)去完成時(shí)呢？要記?。哼^(guò)去完成時(shí)的關(guān)

13、鍵概念是：假設(shè)在過(guò)去發(fā)生了兩件(或以上)的事件，一件是A事件，另一件是B事件，如果A、B兩個(gè)事件幾乎是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那就用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；但是，如果A、B兩個(gè)事件不是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，怎么辦呢？那就是：哪個(gè)事件先發(fā)生，就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；哪個(gè)事件后發(fā)生，就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在上面的假設(shè)中，如果A事件先發(fā)生，A就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果B事件先發(fā)生，B就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；而不管兩件事是用什么樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或其它形式表示的。請(qǐng)看例句：例1She said (that) she had never been to Paris.例2When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.例

14、3We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.例4Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 例5The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.在上面的五個(gè)例子中，我們只要稍微分析一下，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：每個(gè)例子講述的內(nèi)容中，都包含著兩個(gè)(或以上)在過(guò)去發(fā)生的事件。我們將兩件事抽取出

15、來(lái)看一下，就非常明白：必定有一件事是先生的，另一件是后發(fā)生的：例1said had never been to (先沒(méi)有“去”，后“說(shuō)”)例2arrivedhad run away. (先“跑”了，后“到”)例3 had hoped would comedidnt (先“希望”，后才發(fā)生“沒(méi)去”)例4was disappointedhad left arrived (先“離開(kāi)”，后“到達(dá)”和“失望”)例5were writingwent had left (先“離開(kāi)”，后“到”和“寫”)二、難點(diǎn)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的難點(diǎn)在于：有時(shí)候一句話中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)事件，因此無(wú)法比較兩個(gè)事件的先后。那為什么也用過(guò)去

16、完成時(shí)呢？請(qǐng)看下面的例句：例1By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.實(shí)際上，在上面的例句中，仍然有著“先、后”之分的。不過(guò)，這次不是A、B兩件事件的先后，而是有兩個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間的“先、后”關(guān)系。首先，句子中有個(gè)明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)：12歲。說(shuō)他“12歲”，顯然是過(guò)去式。那么，緊接著說(shuō)“他已經(jīng)開(kāi)始謀生了”，這個(gè)“謀生”是發(fā)生在“12歲”時(shí)，還是“12歲”前，還是“12歲”后？答案是肯定的：他的“謀生”發(fā)生在“12歲”之前!也就是說(shuō)，“12歲”已經(jīng)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而在“12歲”之前發(fā)生的事，當(dāng)然是過(guò)去完

17、成時(shí)。所以，在那么多表示時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的詞中，大家要特別注意By、Until等的用法。可以說(shuō)，在講述過(guò)去的事件中，如果出現(xiàn)By時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，很有可能要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)了。(當(dāng)然，我說(shuō)的是很有可能。)類似的時(shí)間表達(dá)方式還有Until、Before等。只要大家把握了過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本含義，不管句子怎么變化，應(yīng)該沒(méi)有多大的問(wèn)題。例如：例2Until then, his family hadnt heard from him for six month.此句的分析同上面差不多。首先有個(gè)明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)then(那時(shí))，而hadnt heard發(fā)生在then之前(包括then)。所以此句用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)。再舉兩個(gè)例子，

18、請(qǐng)大家自己分析：例3We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term.例4I waited until he had finished his homework.例5We had got to the station before 10:00.過(guò)去完成時(shí)練習(xí)和分析提示請(qǐng)先閱讀本站的文章“過(guò)去完成時(shí)重難點(diǎn)實(shí)例講解”，然后完成下列練習(xí)。 漢譯英 1.到上學(xué)期你們學(xué)會(huì)了多少首歌？ 2.到昨天晚上，他把這篇課文讀了三遍。 3.十點(diǎn)鐘前，我們到達(dá)了車站。4.在他上中學(xué)之前，已學(xué)會(huì)了兩百多個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。5.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影

19、已經(jīng)開(kāi)始五分鐘了。6.昨天找看見(jiàn)李平了。自從我們離開(kāi)北京，就一直沒(méi)有見(jiàn)面。 7.我昨天沒(méi)有給魏華那本書(shū)，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)為自己買了一本。 8.他問(wèn)李先生是否已經(jīng)回來(lái)了 9.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他住那五年了。 1. How many songs had you learned by the end of last term? 注兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的比較。 2. By yesterday evening, he had read the text three times. 注兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的比較。 3. We had got to the station before 10:00. 注兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的比較。 4. He had le

20、arned two hundred English words before he went to middle school. 注兩個(gè)事件的比較。 5.When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes. 注兩個(gè)事件的比較。 6. I saw Li Ping yesterday. We had not seen each other since we left Beijing. 注兩個(gè)事件的比較。 7. I did not give the book to Wei Hua yesterday, because sh

21、e had already bought a copy for herself. 注兩個(gè)事件的比較。 8. He asked if Mr Li had already come back. 注兩個(gè)事件的比較。 9. I heard he had lived there for five years. 注兩個(gè)事件的比較。練習(xí)1 They usually_TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches2 The sun _ in the east and_ in the west. A. raises; se

22、tB. rise; setsC. rises; setsD. rises; set3 Our teacher will return by the time school_.A. will begin B. began C. is beginning D. begins4 -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim? -So do I, but my sister _. A. hasnt B. doesnt C. didnt D. wont5 -That ten pound note belongs to

23、me.-_A. Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesnt C. Yes, it is D. No, it isnt6 She will go if it _ tomorrow.A. isnt rain B. dont rain C. doesnt rain D. didnt rain初中英語(yǔ)綜合時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí) (1)B.1 .My sister _ the Youth League last year. She _ a Youth League member for about a year now. A. joinedhas become B. joinedhas been

24、 C. has joinedhas been D. did joinhad beenC.2. Neither of us _ a doctor. A. were B. am C. is D. areC.3. Mr Zhao doesnt like swimming, _? A. didnt he B. did he C. does he D. wont he C.4. Ill talk to him when he _. A. come B. will come C. comes D. cameC.5. They _ supper when we _ into the room. A. are

25、 havingwent B. were havinggo C. were havingwent D. are havinggoD.6. Well go climbing if it _ tomorrow. A. wont rain B. did rain C. isnt rain D. doesnt rainA.7. I dont know if it _ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rainD.8. Nathan Hale _ he _ his life for his country. A. saidgive B. say

26、swill give C. saidgives D. saidwould giveC.9. Most people _ TV. A. enjoy to watch B. enjoy watch C. enjoy watching D. enjoys watchingA.10.Father _ his cap and went out. A. put on B. puts on C. had put D. will put onB.11.How long _ your uncle _ in the army ? A. hasjoined B. hasbeen C. doesjoin D. had

27、joinedD.12.Peter _ the work in a week.A. have finished B. finishes C. is finishing D. will finishA.13.The students _ the History Museum if it _ fine tomorrow. A. will visit.is B. will visitwill be C. would visit was D. would visitwould beA.14.Joan _ me whether I _ the book before. A. askedhad read B

28、. askedshall read C. askedwould read D. askedhas readC.15.By the end of last term, we _ Book Five. A. have learned B. would learn C. had learned D. were learningA.16._ she _ her lessons at seven yesterday evening ? A. Wasgoing over B. Isgo over C. Hasgone over D. Willgo overC.17.He cant go to the ci

29、nema with me because he _ a meeting. A. was having B. would have C. is having D. hadA.18.Both of the two dictionaries _ very useful. A. are B. is C. was D. amC.19. He _ to me since last month. A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. hasnt written D. wont writeD.20. Xu Ping _ to Japan only once. A. has go

30、ne B. had gone C. had been D. has beenB.21. Nobody _ the answer. A. have known B. knew C. didnt know D. are knowingB.22._ you ever _ to Nanjing ? A. Havegone B. Havebeen C. Dogo D. Will goC.23. He _ he _ something wrong before. A. sayswas B. say.have done C. saidhad done D. saidwould doD.24. He _ me

31、 he _ an interesting book. A. tellwould borrow B. told will borrow C. tellwill borrow D. told had borrowedB.25. Thomas Edison _ already _ a chemistry lab for himself by the time he _ ten. A. hasbuiltwas B. hadbuiltwas C. wouldbuildwas D. wasbuildingisA.26. At the age of eleven, my grandfather _ to w

32、ork in a factory. A. began B. has begun C. will begin D. beginsD.27. One day while I _ along the street, I _ someone calling. A. walkedwas hearing B. was walkinghas heard C. was walkinghad heard D. was walkingheardC.28. Neither I nor he _. A. can swims well B. are swimming well C. swims well D. have

33、 swum wellD.29. _ you _ where your sister has gone ? A. Did know B. Willknow C. Areknow D. Do knowC.30. Betty _ morning exercises yesterday. A. not did B. dont do C. didnt do D. wont doC.31. The door of her room _ every day. A. are not cleaned B. not are cleaned C. is not cleaned D. not is cleanedD.

34、32.No rubbish _ for three weeks. A. collected B. is collected C. has collected D. has been collectedB.33.By 1980 the bridge _. A. was completed B. had been completed C. has been completed D. have been completedB.34.Another railway bridge _ there now. A. is building B. is being built C. is built D. h

35、as been builtD.35. _ the water in the wet clothes _ vapor now ? A. Areturned into B. Isturned into C. Arebeing turned into D. Isbeing turned intoC.36. _ this film _ last week ? A. Didshow B. Hasbeen shown C. Wasshown D. Wasbe shownA.37.He told me that the composition _ by him. A. was not written B.

36、not was written C. is not written D. not is writtenD.38._ the play _ again next week ? A. Willput on B. Isput on C. Will beput on D. Willbe put onA.39._ the exercises _ tomorrow ? A. Maybe handed in B. May behanded in C. May be handedin D. May handedinB.40.She _ to a hospital at once. A. must send B

37、. must be sent C. must to be sent D. had to sendB.41. Mike usually _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. got D. will getB.42. The sun _ us light and heat. A. give B. gives C. will give D. often giveA.43.Tom looked sad and cried , “ I _ terrible !” A. am feeling B feels C. will feel D. have f

38、eltD.44.At that time , things _ hard for the working people. A. is B. are C. was D. wereD.45. Long long ago, there _ a farmer in a small village. A. are B. were C. is D. livedC.46. Could you show me the way to No, 5 Middle School ? Im afraid I couldnt . I _ never _ there. A. dogo B. didgo C. havebee

39、n D. had beenC.47. We _ a meeting these days. A. have B. had C. are having D. were havingA.48. The oldest kind of computer _ the abacus. A. is B. was C. has been D. have beenB.49. I _ the boy in the classroom just now . A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seenD.50. Mr Black was surprised, “ I _ I lost

40、 my wallet. “ A. know B. dont know C. knew D. didnt knowD.51.The guard said, “ I am sorry. I _ .” A. dont know it is you B. didnt know it is you C. dont know it was you D. didnt know it was youB.52.The fisherman said to the Genie, “ Youre so big and jar is so small. _ you really in the jar ?” A. Are

41、 B. Were C. Was D. Wasnt B.53.He is going to be a doctor when he _. A. grow up B. grows up C. will grow up D. is going to grow upB.54. Grandma said she would tell me a story when she _. A. has time B. had time C. would have time D. would has timeB.55. Ill tell him all about it as soon as he _. A. co

42、me back B. comes back C. will come back D. is going come backB.56. _ we set off right away ? A. Will B. Shall C. Are D. DoD.57. It seems it _. A. will rain B. shall rain C. rains D. is going to rainA.58. My little sister _ six next month. A. will be B. shall be C. can be D. is going to B.59. Go down

43、 the street and turn right at the first crossing . You _ our school. A. find B. will find C. shall find D. are going to findA.60. Its nothing serious. Your son _ all right by supper time. A. will be B. shall be C. is D. is going to beB.61. Work hard, and you _ catch up with the others. A. can be B.

44、Will C. shall D. are going to C.62. Where is Jenny ? She _ in the next room. A. do some reading B. does some reading C. is doing some reading D. will do some reading D.63. Look! Tom _ in the river. A. go swimming B. goes swimming C. going to swimming D. is swimmingD.64. His sister _ _ cakes. Thats w

45、hy her hands are all covered with flour （面粉）. A. makes B. made C. will make D. is makingC.65. Listen carefully ! Can you hear what the professor _ ? A. talks about B. talked about C. is talking about D. will talk aboutC.66. What _ you _ this time yesterday ? A. dodo B. aredoing C. weredoing D. would

46、doD.67. When I got there, the Browns _ at the lunch table. A. is siting B. are sitting C. was siting D. were sittingC.68. It suddenly began to rain while I _ the bus. A. wait B. waited C. was waiting for D. were waiting forC.69. It _ hard when I was on my way to the cinema. A. rain B. raining C. was raining D. were rainingB.70. The train will arrive _. A. after an hour B. in an hour C. an hour later D. for an hourC.71. How may English films _ since last year ? A. do you see B. did you see C. have you seen D. had you seenC.72