1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法一. 何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. 不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要如：Paper is made from wood.The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.He was wounded in the fight.2. 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)如：Calculator cant be used in the maths exam.Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.He was awarded first prize in that contest

2、.3為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉褂帽粍?dòng)語態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.Electricity is used to run machines.二. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1. be +done 可以是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式。被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，done可以帶by短語，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中done相當(dāng)于adj. 不帶 by短語。如：The question is settled. (系表結(jié)構(gòu))Such questions

3、are settled by us. (被動(dòng)語態(tài))The composition is well written. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The composition is written with great care . (被動(dòng)語態(tài))The job was well done. (系表結(jié)構(gòu))The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被動(dòng)語態(tài))2. 許多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過去分詞。句中如果有by，通常是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：I was worried a

4、bout you all night. (表狀態(tài))I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表動(dòng)作)The glass was broken by Jack. (表動(dòng)作)The glass is broken. (表狀態(tài))I was frightened by his ghost story.She was frightened at the sight of a snake.三.不同形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. 含有直賓和間賓的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)一般是主語結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)的主語。如：He showed me his p

5、ictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him.Aunt made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dress was made for me by aunt.He sent me a birthday present.I was sent a birthday present by him.A birthday present was sent to me by him.2含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)句，賓補(bǔ)不變。（1） 將賓

6、語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)不變。如：They call her Xiao Li. She is called Xiao Li. He left the door open. The door war left open by him.（2） make, let, have, hear , watch, see, feel, notice. help既動(dòng)詞后變做賓補(bǔ)的不定式一般不加to，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)，必須加to .如：My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.I was often made to do this and that b

7、y my brother when I young.I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night.Did you see Jack take away the magazine?Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。是由情態(tài)V + be +p.p.構(gòu)成如：They can not find him.He can not be found.You m

8、ust pay me for this.I must be paid for this.He can repair your watch.Your watch can be repaired.4. 短語V的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般來講，只有及物V才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因?yàn)橹挥衯t才能有動(dòng)作的承受者; 但有許多由不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞及其他詞類構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語。因而可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但應(yīng)注意短語V是一個(gè)不可分割的整體。變被動(dòng)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的prep或adv.這樣的短語有：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of

9、, look forward to, make uses of, etc .如：They had put out the fire before the fire-brigade arrived.The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.They will set up a new public school here.A new public school will be set up here.5. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。.如：The goods sells well. The door cant open.

10、6.有些詞如want, need, require和 be worth后面，v-ing 形式為主動(dòng)，意義為被動(dòng)。如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.The book is worth reading.7.主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語是從句，變成被動(dòng)時(shí)使用形式替代詞it.如：We know that Britain is an island country.Its known that Britain is an island country.The teacher said that this book has been translated into sev

11、eral languagesIts said that this book has beentranslated into several languages8. 賓語為反身代詞，相互代詞及虛詞it時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)，只用主動(dòng)。如：I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.9. 謂語動(dòng)詞是以下時(shí)，無被動(dòng)。happen, belong to, suit, fit(適合), have, let, join, fall, last（延長）,cost（花費(fèi)）break out（爆發(fā)）appear, burst out(迸發(fā))，hold(容納)，lack（缺乏），agree with（同意）.10. 據(jù)說類動(dòng)詞：say, consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc.如：It is said that There is said to be Sth ./ Sb . is said to11.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng) 感官動(dòng)詞：sound, taste, smell, fell, look, seem等主語是物時(shí)； 一些vi主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義open, close, shut, read, write, tr