1、優(yōu)點英語專題02名詞和主謂一致考點1 名詞的數一、 名詞的種類專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團體機構名稱可數名詞不可數名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質名詞二、 名詞的數1. 可數名詞的復數(1)規(guī)則變化情況方法例詞一般情況加sstudents，teachers，doc tors，tables以s，x，ch，sh結尾加esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches但stomach復數形式直接加s，即stomachs以輔音字母y結尾變y為i再加esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母y結尾加sboys，toys，pianos，photos以f或fe結尾

2、大都變f或fe為v，再加esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少數加sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o結尾通常加sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes【名師點睛】以-o結尾的下列名詞要加es，它們是黑人英雄在回聲中吃土豆、西紅柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。但下列以-o結尾的名詞既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它們是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcan

3、os(volcanoes)火山。以-f或-fe結尾的下列名詞需要把f或fe去掉，再加-ves，它們是為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹葉站在架子上，把狼劈成兩半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。但下列以-f結尾的名詞既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，如：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。名詞前有man或woman修飾，變復數時，作定語的man 或woman和后面的名詞都要變成復數。如：woman doctorwomen doctors(2)不規(guī)則變

4、化自身有特殊變化的名詞child孩子childrenman男人mentooth牙teethfoot腳，英尺feetmouse老鼠micephenomenon現象phenomenamedium傳播媒介media常見單復數同形的名詞：Chinese 中國人；sheep 綿羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工廠；fish 魚；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示種類時，可加復數詞尾，即fishes，fruits。 Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill. Every possible mea

5、ns has been tried, but none has worked. 合成名詞的復數形式：son-in-law sons-in-lawpasser-by passers-bystory-teller story-tellers【名師點睛】名詞+名詞時，僅將后面的名詞變復數：girl student girl students 但是man/woman+名詞時，前后都要變?yōu)閺蛿担簑oman singer women singers2. 不可數名詞(1)通常只用作不可數名詞的名詞：advice建議， furniture家具， fun樂趣；information信息，news新聞， weat

6、her天氣， progress進步，wealth財富，value價值等。(2)不可數名詞具體化具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時，可以與不定冠詞連用，?？嫉挠校簡卧~抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success 成功成功的人或事pleasure樂趣令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美麗的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危險危險的人或因素delight高興令人高興的事 failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事情 shock震驚令人震驚的事情pride驕傲令人驕傲的事情Your contribution will certainl

7、y make the event a huge success.你的貢獻一定會使這個事件很成功。物質名詞具體化drink飲料two drinks 兩杯飲料coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉筆a chalk 一支粉筆hair 頭發(fā)a hair 一根頭發(fā)抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉化為似乎可以體驗到的動作、行為或類別。例如：Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那些艱難的時期，能夠買得起一杯酒會是一件欣慰的事。（3）“of+抽象名詞”相當于形容詞。能用在此結構

8、中的抽象名詞有importance, value, use, significance, help 等。Its of no practical use to me.這對我沒什么實際用途。The work I am doing is not of much value.我做的工作沒有多大價值。3. 表示數量的詞(組)與名詞的搭配修飾可數的量詞： a number of, the number of, many, a great/good many few , a few, several 修飾不可數的量詞： a large amount of , huge amounts of, a great

9、 deal of, much, too much little, a little 兩個皆可修飾的量詞：some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of , quantity of考點2 名詞的格1. -s所有格用and連接的并列名詞的所有格要分兩種情況，即表示各自的所有關系時，要分別在并列名詞后加-s 或；表示共同的所有關系時，只在最后一個名詞后加-s或。Toms and Jims rooms.湯姆和吉姆(各自)的房間。Tom and Jims room.湯姆和吉姆(共同)的房間。表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。at the barbers

10、在理發(fā)店at the teachers在老師辦公室2. of所有格表示無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關系；名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。the content of the novel小說的內容the name of the girl over there那邊那位女孩的名字3. 雙重所有格指名詞of名詞所有格或名詞of名詞性物主代詞。a play of Shakespeares(莎士比亞的一個戲劇)a friend of mine(我的一個朋友)考點3 名詞作定語1. 直接作定語, 通常用單數形式。college students大學生 girl friend

11、女友 vegetable garden菜園 basketball match籃球賽Lets stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我們的書店停一下吧！He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 這雙鞋他是在那個鞋店買的。2. 名詞所有格作定語。students books學生用書 Chinas capital中國的首都 the worlds population世界人口3. man，woman，gentleman作定語man，woman，gentleman作定語時可以用單數和復數兩種形式，但必須隨所修飾名詞的

12、數而定。He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他說明天有兩個女醫(yī)生到我們村子來。There are many men teachers in our school. 我們學校有很多男教師。4. 某些常用復數的名詞用作定語某些常用復數的名詞，當它們用作定語時，也須用復數形式。arms production 武器生產 clothes shop服裝商店sales department營業(yè)部 a goods train貨車 savings bank 儲蓄所 foreign languages dep

13、artment外語系5. 單位名稱、報紙、廣播、電視等的標題中經常出現復數名詞作定語。Learning Skills center學習技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱樂部6. 表示類別時名詞直接作定語還是用所有格作定語一定要嚴格遵守習慣。a peasant family/boy(peasant習慣直接作定語) a workers family(worker習慣用所有格作定語)7. 兩種定語有時并存但意義不一樣。women drivers女司機 the womans driver這位婦女的司機girl friend女朋友 the girls friend 這女孩的朋友mother

14、 tongue母語 mothers tongue母親的舌頭8. 名詞與其同根形容詞都可以作定語，但意思上往往有差別：用名詞作定語時，表示被修飾的名詞的質地 或性質；用名詞的同根形容詞作定語，則說明被修飾的名詞的特征。gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)考點4 主謂一致高考主謂一致的知識結構一致原則考點詳解例句語法一致1. 以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式；主語為復數時，謂語動詞用復數形式。His father is working on the farm.To stu

15、dy English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.2. 由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復數形式的謂語動詞。Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they h

16、eard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.3. 主語為單數名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式；若主語為復數，謂語用復數形式。Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on th

17、e playground.She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或no +單數名詞和由some，any，no，every構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數看待。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.5. 在定語從句中，關系代詞that，who， which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of

18、 my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如：The police are looking for the lost child.7.

19、 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名詞”構成的短語以及由“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.注：a number of 與the number of的區(qū)別8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。There c

20、omes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.邏輯一致1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代詞可以是單數，也可是復數，主要靠意思來決定。Which is your bag？Which are your bags？All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示“時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的復數作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體。Thirty mi

21、nutes is enough for the work.Ten miles is too long.3. 若主語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式?！癟he Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.4. 表數量的短語“one and a half”后接復數名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一致原則考點詳解例句邏輯一致5. 算式中表示數目（字）的主語通常作單數看待，其謂語動詞采用單數形式。Twelve plus ei

22、ght is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些學科名詞是以 ics 結尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都屬于形式上是復數的名詞，實際意義為單數名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。The paper works was built in 1990.I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等詞作主語時，謂語用復數，但如果這些名詞前有a（the） p

23、air of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，動詞用復數。The old are taken good care of.9. a (large) quantity of 修飾可數或不可數名詞, 作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。A large quantity of people is needed here.注意：quantities一般用復數。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the ta

24、ble.10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修飾不可數名詞, 作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數; large amounts of 修飾不可數名詞, 作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復數。A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.就近一致1. 當兩個主語由either or， neither nor，whether or ，not only but also連接時

25、，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right. 2. there be句型的be動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引導的句子用法同上。如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.一、語法一致語法一致：就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。單數n.，不

26、可數n.,不定式，動名詞或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。主語為復數時，謂語動詞用復數。His father is working on the farm. Time is money. To finish all the work on time is impossible. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多用單數但如果表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的 并列結構時，謂語動詞用復數。What I boug

27、ht were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you.由and 或both.and 連接起來的合成主語后面謂語動詞用復數。Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are friends. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.如果and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就用單數。 The writer and artist has come.由and 連接的并列單數主語前分別有each, every, no more than a(an), man

28、y a(an)修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it. 主語后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語時，謂語動詞的單復數由主語的單復數決定。 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to Chin

29、a. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. either, neither, each, every或no+單數neither/neither/none of 復數名詞，還有some, any, no, every 構成的復合不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數。Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter.Neither of the texts is interesting. None of us

30、has been to South Africa.定語從句中，關系代詞that, which, who 作主語時，謂語動詞的數和先行詞一致。He is one of my students who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 集體名詞family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整體時，用單數；指集體的成員時，用復數。 His family is a happy one.The whole family are w

31、atching TV.The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)One third of the population here are workers.(人)people, cattle, police作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of 名詞，或者是分數/百分數名詞構成的短語作主語，謂語動詞的數由名詞的單復數決定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted.

32、 A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are absent.倒裝句中，謂語v.的數與其后的主語一致。On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.二、意義一致原則表示時間、度量、長度、價值等的復數名詞作主語，因為其在概念上是一個整體，謂語動詞用單數。Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is st

33、olen from the ATM.如果是書名，片名，格言，劇名，報名，國名等的復數形式作主語，謂語動詞用單數。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.one and a half 復數n.，謂語動詞用單數。One and a half apples is left on the table.算是中表示數目通常用單數（加減乘除）表示學科的以ics結尾的名詞作主語，用單數。Physics is an important subject in middle schools. Mathematics is the study of number

34、s. Politics, economics, athletics等。復數形式的單復數同形的名詞作主語，意義一致。 The glass works was built up in 1980. These glass works are near the railway station.由兩部分組成的名詞，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。a pair of 等量詞時，視情況而定。The adj. 表示一類人，作主語時用復數。The young are usually very active. The old are lonely.

35、三、就近一致原則就近一致：在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。1. 當兩個主語由either or， neither nor，whether or ，not only but also連接時，謂語動詞和鄰 近的主語一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 他的父母和我都不能說服他改變注意。2. there be句型的be動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個 主語保持一致。There aretwopens，abookandthre

36、epencilsonthedesk. 書桌上有兩支鋼筆，一本書和三支鉛筆。Thereis abook，twopensandthreepencilsonthedesk. 書桌上有一本書，兩支鋼筆和三支鉛筆。3. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。Here is a map and a handbook for you. 這是一張你的地圖和一本手冊。Such are the facts. 事實就是如此。4. 就遠原則：謂語動詞與前面主語一致。主語后面接連接性短語時，這種結構并不影響主語和謂語的關系，即謂語動詞的數與主語的數保持一致。此類連接性短語有aswellas，asmuchas，al

37、ongwith，with，like，ratherthan，togetherwith，but，except，besides，including，inadditionto等。Yoursisteraswellasyourparentsisverykindtome你姐姐和你父母一樣，對我很好。She，likeyouandbetty，isveryclever像你和betty一樣，她也很聰明。四、 名詞+介詞短語作主語 名詞或代詞后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短語作主語時，謂語動詞的形式應和介詞短語前的名詞或代詞的人稱和數保持一

38、致。 She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他學生都喜歡玩電腦游戲。 He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。 Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，沒人知道。五、不定代詞作主語1. 當作主語的名詞前有each，neither，either，every修飾或each，neither，either作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。 Each student has a book. 每一個學生都有一本書。

39、 Either answer is correct. 兩個答案都是正確的。 Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都沒有和他在一起。 Every minute is important to us. 每一分鐘對大家都很重要。2. 當復合不定代詞someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。 Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。 Is everybody here

40、today? 今天大家都到了嗎? Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。 Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天沒有人離開。六、特殊名詞作主語1. 國名、人名、書名、報刊名、組織機構等專有名詞作主語時，即使其形式上是復數，謂語動詞也要用單數。 The United States lies to the east of China. 美國在中國的東方。(國名) Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅長學外語。(人名)2. the+形容詞作主語時，表示某類人，謂語動詞

41、用復數。 The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顧。 The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人講話要有禮貌。3. 以-s結尾的學科名詞，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s結尾的抽象名詞，如news，plastics等作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數。 Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理對我來講很難學。 The news was very exciting. 這條新聞十分激動人心。4. 單復數形式相同的名詞，如Chines

42、e，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數由名詞前的修飾語來確定。 A Chinese wants to see you. 一個中國人想見你。 Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那邊有10只綿羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一國人，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。The Chinese speak Chinese. 中國人說漢語。七、表數量概念的詞或短語作主語1. 表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等的復數名詞作主語時，通常看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數。 Ten years has passed

43、quickly. 10年很快就過去了。 Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就夠了。 100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很長的路。2. 加減乘除運算中的謂語動詞用單數，其中加法與乘法也可用復數。 Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。 Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. many a/more than one+單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。 There is more than one answer. 有不止一個答案。 Many a student has pass

44、ed the exam. 許多學生通過了考試。4. one and a half+復數名詞作主語時，謂語用單數。 One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部時間。 One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一個半梨被留在盤子里。5. the rest of. 短語作主語時，如果of后接復數名詞，謂語用復數；如果of后接不可數名詞，謂語用單數。 The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行車降價出售。 The rest of the bread is go

45、ne. 剩余的面包不見了。6. none of+復數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞既可以用單數也可以用復數。 None of the dogs was/were there. 那兒沒有狗。7. a number of+名詞復數表示許多/大量的，其后的謂語動詞用復數；the number of+名詞復數表示的數量，其中心詞為number，故謂語動詞用單數。 A number of farmers are standing over there. 許多農民站在那邊。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 這所學校的

46、學生數量已達到2 000多人。8. a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名詞作主語，謂語動詞由of后的名詞來確定。如果of后是不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數；如果of后是復數名詞，謂語動詞用復數。 A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的時間。Plenty of workers are working. 許多工人在工作。八、動名詞、不定式和從句作主語動名詞、不定式或從句作主語時，謂語一般用單數。 Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操對你的身體有益。 To play with fire near a

47、 gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危險。 What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在會上的發(fā)言很重要。難點剖析 一、名詞類別間的互換個體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉換例句意義名詞性質She held someflowersin her hand.The trees are now inflower花兒個體名詞開花抽象名詞Youthis beautiful.He is ayouthof twenty青春抽象名詞年輕人個體名詞They have achieved remarkablesuccessin

48、 their work.How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功抽象名詞成功的事個體名詞物質名詞與個體名詞的相互轉換例句意義名詞性質Ironis a kind of metal.Please lend me youriron.鐵物質名詞熨斗個體名詞He broke a piece ofglass.He broke aglass.玻璃物質名詞玻璃杯個體名詞I bought a chicken this morningPlease help yourself to somechicken小雞個體名詞

49、雞肉物質名詞抽象名詞與個體名詞的轉換具有動作意義的抽象名詞加用與某些動詞（如：have等）連用，表示某一次短暫的動作Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please.Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpfulA. some；aB.an；some C. some；some D.an；aThey sent usword of the latest happenings.消息（抽象名詞）A. aB.anC./D. theCould w

50、e haveword before you go to the meeting?（個體名詞）A. aB.anC./D.the類例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(進步)/make an early start(早點出發(fā))/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲) /give a try表示知識和時間的抽象名詞轉換為普通名詞時可以用來表示其中的一部分M

51、any people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.A. a；/B. the；an C. the；the D. /；thea knowledge of truth(知道實際情況)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供關于中國更為翔實的知識)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速記的知識)If there were no examination, we should have _ at school.A. the hap

52、piest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD. a much happier timeis money.A. The timeB. A timeC. TimeD. Times抽象名詞轉換為普通名詞可用來表示“一次、一陣、一種”具體的行為、事件、現象或結果。這時名詞前往往有形容詞修飾Oh, John. _you gave me!A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surpriseS

53、he looked upwhen I shouted.A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise其他例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A. so unusualB. such unusualC. such an unusualD. so an unusual二、 主謂一致的其他情況其他情況例句and連接并列主語時，謂語動詞常常使用復數；但是and連接的并列主語指同一人、同一物時，謂語使用單數。The writer an