1、GrammarInfinitive第1頁，共49頁。Review the V.ing form1. Learning without practice is no good. 2. I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. 3. Our work is serving the people. 4. The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. 5. All moving bodies have energy. 6. Im sorry for havi

2、ng you waiting so long.7. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them.subjectobjectpredicativeattributiveattributivecomplementadverbial第2頁，共49頁。V.-ingGerund: subject ; object ; predicative ;attributivePresent Participle: attribute ; complement ; adverbial 囧GerundPresent Participle第3頁，共

3、49頁。Analyse the following sentences1. Its our duty to take good care of the old. 2.My job is to help patients.3.He wanted to go home.4.I have no chance to go sightseeing.5.He asked me to do the work.6.Check your composition to avoid mistakes.subjectpredicativeobjectattributivecomplementadverbial第4頁，

4、共49頁。InfinitiveInfinitive : to dosubject ; object ; predicative ; attributive ;complement ; adverbial 囧第5頁，共49頁。Infinitive與V.-ing作主語時的區(qū)別不定式作主語表示具體動作;動名詞作主語表示抽象的一般行為.Smoking is prohibited here.It is stupid of you to write down what the teacher says. 第6頁，共49頁。用it作形式主語,把真正的主語不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中. It+be+名詞+

5、to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work It seems(appears)+形容詞+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 第7頁，共49頁。 It+be+形容詞+for sb +to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an ho

6、ur. It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.在句型中,常用表示客觀情況的形容詞,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)批評的詞. 第8頁，共49頁。Infinitive與V.-ing作表語

7、時的區(qū)別不定式作主語表示具體動作;動名詞作主語表示抽象的一般行為.To see is to believe.Our work is serving the people.Ps.當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時,其含義一是條件,一是結(jié)果 第9頁，共49頁。Infinitive與V.-ing作賓語時的區(qū)別1.不定式作賓語以下動詞后,只能跟不定式作賓語.如:agree,ask, aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promi-se, refuse, wish

8、等 這些詞大部分可接that引導(dǎo)的從句.如: I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. 第10頁，共49頁。當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時,先用形式賓語it代替不定式,把不定式置于補(bǔ)語之后, 即:主語+動 詞+it+補(bǔ)語+to do句式. ( think , find , feel , consider ,etc) 如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels

9、it his duty to help the poor. 第11頁，共49頁。介詞but, except, besides +to do(do) 在這種句型中,如介詞前有動詞do,后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式;如無do,則接to不定式,即帶do不帶to, 帶to不帶do.如: The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. 第12頁，共49頁。2.動名詞作賓語（復(fù)習(xí)）以下動詞后,只能接動名詞作賓語,如:admit, appreciate,

10、consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, dont mind, give up, 等. 如: I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health. 第13頁，共49頁。動名詞作介詞的賓語 I should go to attend the birt

11、hday celebration instead of staying at home. 動名詞前的介詞有時可以省略 如: have difficulty(in)doing have no trouble(in)doingprevent/stop(from)doing spend (in) doing sth第14頁，共49頁。某些動詞后面,既可接動詞不定式,也可接動名詞作賓語,意義不變. 如:begin, continue, start, need, require, want等. (在need, require, want后接-ing形式,表示被動意義,也可接不定式,但要用被動形式 )Yo

12、ur handwriting needs improving (to be improved)(當(dāng)謂語動詞begin, continue, start等是進(jìn)行式時+to do)如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. (當(dāng)begin, continue, start與know, understand等心理活動的詞連用時+to do)如:I soon began to understand what was happening. 第15頁，共49頁。某些動詞后接不定式或動名詞時,意義差別較大,應(yīng)根據(jù)句子

13、語境選擇使用. forget, remember, regret mean try stop cant help go on like,love ,hate第16頁，共49頁。Infinitive與V.-ing作定語時的區(qū)別V.-ing作定語 （復(fù)習(xí)）This passage can be used as listening materials. The reading room of our school library can hold 800 people. All moving bodies have energy.The man standing at the school gate

14、 is Professor Li. 第17頁，共49頁。Infinitive作定語不定式在句中作定語,置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后. （后置）The next train to arrive is from Washington. Have you anything to be taken to your sister. Do you have anything to say on the question.Would you please give me some paper to write on. My wish to visit France has come true at last.

15、 囧第18頁，共49頁。不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系: (1)表示將來的動作(例). (2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系,如是不及物動詞,則需加介詞(例). (3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系,同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時,盡管有被動含義,卻仍 用主動語態(tài)(例);如只有動賓關(guān)系,而無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,則需用被動語態(tài)(例). (4)不定式作定語時,一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句,例to arrive=that will arrive. 囧第19頁，共49頁。常接不定式作定語的詞1. chance idea time way effort right moment etcEg. I ha

16、ve no chance to go back. It was my sister who had the idea to cycle the entire Mekong river第20頁，共49頁。2. the only 及 序數(shù)詞（the first/second) 順序詞（the last/next)Eg. He is the first (one) to leave the office.第21頁，共49頁。Infinitive與V.-ing作補(bǔ)語時的區(qū)別Present participle 作 補(bǔ)語 (復(fù)習(xí)）I hear her singing in the next room.I

17、 am sorry for having you waiting so long.第22頁，共49頁。作感官動詞的補(bǔ)語I hear her singing in the next room.I hear her sing in the next room.作使役動詞的補(bǔ)語I am sorry for having you waiting so long.I will have Bob take your suitcase,sir.第23頁，共49頁。什么情況下用不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)一感覺二聽三讓四看：一個表示感覺的詞feel；兩個表示聽hear，listen to；三個表示讓let, mak

18、e, have；四個表示看see，look at，watch，notice Ps.這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,to不能省略They make the students do too much homework.The students are made to do too much homework.第24頁，共49頁。常要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有: allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive(強(qiáng)迫),encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persu

19、ade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等 Would you like me to give your regards to Mary I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. 第25頁，共49頁。allow/permit/advise/forbidhope/suggest + sb. to do (X)sb. to dodoing第26頁，共49頁。Infinitive與V.-ing作狀語時的區(qū)別英語 中的狀語時間 地點(diǎn) 原因 結(jié)果 方式 伴隨 條件 讓步 目的現(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語 第27頁，共49頁。

20、to do 可以作 目的、原因、結(jié)果狀語作目的狀語 I stayed there to see what would happen. I stayed there in order to see what would happen.I stayed there so as to see what would happen. 可置于句首第28頁，共49頁。作原因狀語時的區(qū)別Having finished the job,David went back home.We are glad to hear the news. 現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語，通常表示主動的概念。在部分表示感情色彩的形容詞之后可接不

21、定式作原因狀語astonished,glad,happy,pleased,sad, sorry,surprised 等. 第29頁，共49頁。作結(jié)果狀語時的區(qū)別His father died, leaving the family even worse off.The bus rolled in a valley, causing ten deaths and more wounded .現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示順其自然的結(jié)果。第30頁，共49頁。不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用在下列句式中.如: soas to; suchas to Im not so stupid as to put it in wr

22、iting. Im not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing. enoughto First, most people are not rich enough to buy a car.only to Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital. tooto Im too tired to stay up longer. 第31頁，共49頁。不定式的其它用法 1.不定式短語還可作獨(dú)立成分,用于句首,句中或句末. to be exact(確切地說) to beg

23、in with(首先) to do him justice(說句對他公道的話)to be sure(真的) to tell the truth(說實(shí)話）To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment to me. 第32頁，共49頁。不定式的其它用法2.疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) who,what,which,when,where,whether,how 后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句中作主語,賓語,表語等.When to leave for London has not been decided yet. Mr. Smith didnt

24、 know whether to leave or stay there. I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. The question was where to get the medicine needed. 第33頁，共49頁。不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的 時態(tài) 語態(tài)一般時完成時doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done第34頁，共49頁。不定式的時態(tài)1. 一般式 to do不定式的一般式所表示的動作或狀態(tài)，與謂語的動作或狀態(tài)是同時發(fā)生（或幾乎同時發(fā)生），或是在其之后發(fā)生。I want

25、to have a cup of tea. (同時）We expect her to come. (之后)第35頁，共49頁。2.進(jìn)行式 to be doing不定式的進(jìn)行式表示在謂語動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時正在進(jìn)行的動作。He pretended to be waiting for someone.3.完成式 to have done不定式的完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的動作。Bell is said to have invented the telephone.第36頁，共49頁。Ps. be,expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,w

26、ant,wish的過去式+不定式的完成式，或它們的過去完成式+不定式的一般式，表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的的愿望、期待或計劃。I intended to have called on you yesterday.= I had intended to call on you yesterday.第37頁，共49頁。不定式的語態(tài) 一般式 to be done完成式 to have been done 1.不定式的邏輯主語是不定式的執(zhí)行者，要用不定式的主動語態(tài)。 如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式的承受者，則要用不定式的被動語態(tài)。Do you want to teach the child?( you是teach的執(zhí)行者）Do you want to be taught English?(you是taught的承受者：someone teaches you）第38頁，共49頁。Have you anything to be taken to your sister.（是“別人”去take) Do you have anything to say on the question. (是“you”去say）當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的詞是其動作的承受者，即構(gòu)成了“動賓關(guān)系”，不定式可用主動語態(tài)也可用被動語態(tài)，但意義不同。第39頁，共49頁。不定式的省略有