1、 課時(shí)分層作業(yè)(十一).閱讀理解A(2021合肥市調(diào)研性檢測(cè))Moai，Easter Island，ChileEaster Island Heads，popularly known as Moai，are strange yet most famous giant stone sculptures in the world dating back to around 1，100 and 1，500 AD.The most interesting parts are that most of these statues have bodies partly buried inside the g

2、round，and how people from that time created such sculptures.You can fly from Santiago，Chile to get there.Terrace of the Lions，Delos，GreeceDating back to 600 BC，Terrace of the Lions is a replica (復(fù)制品) of marble statues of lions，as many as 16，standing in sequence.Since some have weathered because of c

3、limatic changes，the actual statues have been moved to the nearby museum in case they get damaged or destroyed.Ferryboats operate from Mikonos to Delos.Make sure that yours is a day trip as Delos doesnt have a place to stay.Great Sphinx of Giza，EgyptBuilt in approximately 2，500 BC，Great Sphinx of Giz

4、a is one of the largest singlestone statues in the world that pictures a human head mounted on a massive lion body，all made out of limestone.Watch it at the time of sunset with the huge Pyramids in the backdrop，and you have one of the most impressive evenings ever！You can take a camel or horse ride

5、to reach the Sphinx and Pyramids.Spring Temple Buddha，ChinaSpring Temple Buddha in Henan Province in China features a 20m tall lotusshaped pedestal (底座) housing a monastery，and stands as the worlds tallest statue at 208m in total.Buses travel from Lushan to the Buddha statue regularly.If you dont sp

6、eak Chinese，its better to purchase a ticket online as a communication gap can lead to confusion at times.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了中外四個(gè)著名的雕像，包括智利復(fù)活節(jié)島的摩埃石像、希臘得洛斯島的獅子臺(tái)階、埃及吉薩的獅身人面像和中國(guó)的中原大佛。1What is special about Moai?AIt has the longest history.BIts bodies are partly buried under the ground.CIts the tallest

7、statue in the world.DIt was carved from one single stone.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，智利復(fù)活節(jié)島的摩埃石像的特別之處在于大部分雕像的部分身體都埋在地下。故B項(xiàng)正確。2Which of the following should be accessed by boat?AMoai.BGreat Sphinx.CTerrace of the Lions.DSpring Temple Buddha.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵信息“by boat”定位至第二段，根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Ferryboats operate from Mikon

8、os to Delos.”可知，去希臘得洛斯島的獅子臺(tái)階參觀要乘坐渡船，故C項(xiàng)正確。3What can we infer about the statues mentioned in the text?AThey were once damaged.BThey were rediscovered later.CThey are famous museums.DThey are extraordinary statues.D推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段介紹了智利復(fù)活節(jié)島上世界上很著名的摩埃石像；第二段介紹了希臘得洛斯島的獅子臺(tái)階，其真實(shí)的雕像被挪到了附近的博物館以防被損害；第三段介紹了埃

9、及吉薩的獅身人面像，它是最大的由一塊石頭制成的雕像之一；尾段介紹了中國(guó)的中原大佛，它是世界上最高的雕像。據(jù)此可以判斷，本文介紹的都是非凡的雕像，故D項(xiàng)正確。B(2021河北省九校聯(lián)考)When I was growing up，I had an old neighbor named Doctor Gibbs.He didnt look like any doctor Id ever known.He never yelled at us for playing in his yard，but was always very kind.When Doctor Gibbs wasnt saving

10、 lives，he was planting trees.He had some interesting theories about planting trees.He hardly watered his new trees，an attitude which flew in the face of conventional wisdom.Once I asked why and he told me that watering plants spoiled them because it made them grow weaker.He said he had to make thing

11、s tough for the trees so that only the strongest could survive.He talked about how watering trees made them develop shallow roots and how，if they were not watered，trees would grow deep roots in search of water.So，instead of watering his trees every morning，hed beat them with a rolledup newspaper.I a

12、sked him why he did that，and he said it was to get the trees attention.Doctor Gibbs died a couple of years after I left home.Every now and then，I walked by his house and looked at the trees that Id watched him plant some 25 years ago.They were tall and strong.Every night before I go to bed I check o

13、n my two sons.I often pray that their lives will be easy.But lately Ive been thinking that its time to change my prayer.I know my children are going to encounter hardship.Theres always a cold wind blowing somewhere.What I need to do is pray for deep roots，so when the rain falls and the winds blow，th

14、ey wont be torn apart.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者的鄰居吉布斯醫(yī)生會(huì)在工作之余種樹，與大多數(shù)人的看法相悖的是，他幾乎不給剛栽的樹澆水，并用報(bào)紙擊打樹。他認(rèn)為必須讓新種的樹經(jīng)歷“磨難”它們才能足夠強(qiáng)壯，得以生存。多年以后，他種的樹已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)得又高又茁壯。作者由此認(rèn)識(shí)到孩子也會(huì)經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨，作者只能企盼自己的兩個(gè)兒子也有像大樹一樣深深的“根”。4What did the author think of Doctor Gibbss theories about planting trees at first?APerfect.BPuzzled.CAmused. DImpracti

15、cal.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段尾句和第三段首句可知，吉布斯醫(yī)生幾乎不給剛栽的樹澆水，他的看法與大多數(shù)人的看法相悖；作者詢問他為什么這么做。據(jù)此可以推斷，作者起初對(duì)吉布斯醫(yī)生的種樹方法感到困惑，故B項(xiàng)正確。5What did Doctor Gibbs do to the trees he planted?AHe let them grow quickly.BHe beat them to get their attention.CHe helped them search for water.DHe read a newspaper near them.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，吉布斯醫(yī)生

16、不是每天早上給樹澆水，而是用一張卷起來的報(bào)紙擊打它們，他說這是為了引起樹的注意。故B項(xiàng)正確。6Which of the following can best describe Doctor Gibbs?AKind and wise.BCalm and brave.CCareful and ambitious.DStrict and devoted.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句中的“but was always very kind”可知，吉布斯醫(yī)生是友好的；再根據(jù)第二、三、四、五段敘述的吉布斯醫(yī)生不同尋常的種樹方法(幾乎不給剛栽的樹澆水、擊打樹以引起樹的注意)最終使樹長(zhǎng)得又高又茁壯可以推斷，他

17、是一個(gè)有智慧的人。故A項(xiàng)正確。7What does the author learn from Doctor Gibbs?AElders are treasures.BTwo heads are better than one.CA man without distant care must have near sorrow.DOnly those who bear the most become the highest.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段最后一句并結(jié)合上文敘述的在經(jīng)歷“磨難”后樹最終長(zhǎng)得又高又茁壯可推知D項(xiàng)正確。C(2021青島市統(tǒng)一模擬檢測(cè))Adults with a poor edu

18、cation are also likely to have poor health, a growing body of evidence suggests. Study after study has confirmed the link, and now experts are zeroing in on the reasons for it and what can be done. “People with higher education tend to have better jobs, better income, and better benefits，” said Davi

19、d R. Williams, a professor of public health in America.Those benefits, he said, go beyond health benefits to include such other factors as the flexibility to take a day off or part of a day to see a doctor. “People with higher levels of education tend to have more resources to cope with stress and l

20、ife，” Williams said. They have stress, of course, but also more resources to cope with itsuch as access to a health club to exercise away the stressthan people with less education, he said.“Being better educated also means that a person is more likely to understand the world of modern medicine，” sai

21、d Erik Angner, an assistant professor of philosophy and economics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, who has researched the link between education and happiness.“Modern medicine is incredibly complex. And if you lack the basic reading skills required to function adequately in the healthcare

22、 environment，you might find it hard to effectively understand your medical care.”A report issued by Williams commission found that，compared with college graduates, adults who did not graduate from high school were 2.5 times as likely to be in less than very good health. The report suggested that fac

23、tors outside the medical system play an important role in determining peoples health.Access to medical care is crucial, but it isnt enough to improve health. Whats needed, they suggested, is increased focus on schools and educationencouraging people to obtain more education.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。受過高等教育的人往往

24、有更好的工作、收入和福利，他們往往也有更多的資源來應(yīng)對(duì)壓力和生活。受過更好的教育也意味著一個(gè)人更有可能了解現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)，因此人們需要更多地關(guān)注學(xué)校和教育，接受更多的教育。8Which of the following can be the best title for the text?APoor Education May Lead to Poor HealthBHigher Education Can Bring More IncomeCHappiness Comes from Good EducationDMedical Care Safeguards Good HealthA標(biāo)題歸納題。文

25、章第一段中的“Adults with a poor education are also likely to have poor health”是文章主題句，表示受教育程度低的成年人也可能健康狀況不佳。接下來，第二和第三段說明接受過高等教育對(duì)健康的好處，最后一段介紹了威廉姆斯所在的委員會(huì)發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告，該報(bào)告認(rèn)為，沒有高中畢業(yè)的成年人健康狀況不佳的可能性是大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的2.5倍。因此他們建議人們更多地關(guān)注學(xué)校和教育，并鼓勵(lì)人們接受更多的教育。故A項(xiàng)能夠概括文章的主要內(nèi)容，適合用作標(biāo)題。9What is paragraph 2 mainly about?AResources to deal wit

26、h life.BWays to exercise away stress.CFactors concerning higher education.DBenefits related to higher education.D段落大意題。第二段主要講的是接受高等教育的好處，這些好處不僅僅是健康方面的，還包括一些其他方面，例如受過高等教育的人可以靈活地休假一天或抽出一天中的部分時(shí)間去看醫(yī)生。與受教育程度較低的人相比，他們往往有更多的資源來應(yīng)對(duì)壓力和生活。故選D。10What can we learn from Angners words?ABetter education means under

27、standing the world better.BThe modern medicine world is too difficult to understand.CPeople with a good education may be happier.DReading skills help in understanding medical care.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Angner所說的話“Modern medicine is incredibly complex.And if you lack the basic reading skills required to funct

28、ion adequately in the healthcare environment，you might find it hard to effectively understand your medical care.”可知，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)極其復(fù)雜，如果你缺乏在醫(yī)療保健環(huán)境中充分發(fā)揮作用所需的基本閱讀技能，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你很難有效地理解你的醫(yī)療保健，由此可知，閱讀技巧有助于理解醫(yī)療保健，故選D。11What is stressed in the report issued by Williams commission?AAdults are less likely to have good he

29、alth.BThe medical system determines peoples health.CMore education is needed to improve health.DMore access to medical care is important.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Access to medical care is crucial，but it isnt enough to improve health.Whats needed，they suggested，is increased focus on schools and educationencour

30、aging people to obtain more education.”可知，獲得醫(yī)療服務(wù)至關(guān)重要，但這還不足以改善健康狀況。威廉姆斯所在的委員會(huì)建議人們更多地關(guān)注學(xué)校和教育，并鼓勵(lì)人們接受更多的教育，故選C。D(2021廣東省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)調(diào)研考試)Australian magpies (喜鵲) are common in Australia, loved and feared in equal measure. The fear arises from the fact that nesting females aggressively dive at animalsincluding

31、, or perhaps especially, humansoften drawing blood.The love comes from the fact that they are simply everywhere, easy to identify, and possessed of a song that has come to represent the sound of nature.And also, they seem rather clever. Now，research by zoologists at the University of Western Austral

32、ia has corroborated thisbut their levels of intelligence are dependent on the size of the group they belong to.To reach this conclusion, the Australian scientists examined 56 birds from 14 groups of wild magpies living in the suburbs of Western Australias capital city, Perth.The groups ranged betwee

33、n 3 and 12 individuals. Each magpietested separately to avoid the risk of it getting help from its mateswas put through four tasks that taxed its cognitive (認(rèn)知的) abilities.These included finding food hidden in a transparent container，finding food hidden in differently coloured containers, and a memo

34、ry test involving finding hidden food. Adult and young birds were tested repeatedly and the results were clear. The birds that lived in larger groups were quicker to master the tasks than those that lived in smaller ones. The difference between intelligent big group members and less intelligent litt

35、le group members appeared very early in the birds lives.In a paper published in the journal Nature, lead author Benjamin Ashton and his colleagues report that birds living in large groups “show increased cognitive performance”. Moreover，this “general intelligence factor” is strongly linked to reprod

36、uctive (生殖的) success in females.Ashton suggests that the findings indicate the evolution of intelligence is influenced by pressures present in complex social groups. “Our results suggest that the social environment plays a key role in the development of cognition，” he says.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。澳大利亞的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，

37、澳大利亞喜鵲的智力水平與它們所屬的群體大小有密切關(guān)系。它們所屬的群體越大，它們的智商就越高。12Which word best describes Australians feelings about Australian magpies?AFrightened.BLoving.CMixed. DTolerant.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Australian magpies are common in Australia，loved and feared in equal measure. The fear. The love.”可知，澳大利亞人對(duì)澳大利亞喜鵲有著愛恨交加的復(fù)雜感情。故選

38、C。13What does the underlined word “corroborated” in paragraph 2 mean?AAssessed. BConfirmed.CDisapproved. DDoubted.B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段首句中的“they seem rather clever”、畫線詞后的“but their levels of intelligence are dependent on the size of the group they belong to”和第三段中的“To reach this conclusion”可知，此處表示科學(xué)家通過研究證實(shí)了澳大

39、利亞喜鵲就是很聰明。故選B。14How were the magpies treated in the research?AThey were allowed to seek help.BThey were put in containers.CThey were divided into some groups.DThey were studied individually.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Each magpietested separately to avoid the risk of it getting help from its mateswas put through

40、 four tasks that taxed its cognitive abilities.”可知，在研究中，每只喜鵲都單獨(dú)被測(cè)試(以避免它們向伙伴尋求幫助)。故選D。15Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AMagpies Seem to Be More Social BirdsBMagpies in Small Groups Often Perform BetterCLargegroup Living Increases Magpies IntelligenceDCognitive Levels Affect

41、 Magpies Reproductive SuccessC標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Now，research by zoologists at the University of Western Australia has corroborated this”、第三段中的“The birds that lived in larger groups were quicker to master the tasks than those that lived in smaller ones.”、第四段中的“birds living in large groupsshow increased c

42、ognitive performance”和最后一段中的“Our results suggest that the social environment plays a key role in the development of cognition”可知，本文主要講的是科學(xué)家們通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在大群體中的喜鵲能更快速地掌握任務(wù)，表現(xiàn)出了更高的認(rèn)知水平，由此可判斷C項(xiàng)(大群體生活提高喜鵲的智力)最適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。.閱讀七選五(2021南京市、鹽城市模擬)If you think youre a pessimist and theres no hope of ever turning it

43、 around, then think again! According to mental health experts, it is actually very possible to turn into a glasshalffull kind of person, and heres what you can do to see things in a brighter light. 1 Writing down your ideas of an optimistic tomorrow will make a huge difference when it comes to your

44、overall attitude to life. You may also want to consider a serious challenge you have in life right now, and simply sit back and think about all of the possible positive outcomes.Choose to be optimistic. Life is all about choices. You can choose to spend the entire day reading or cleaning. You can ma

45、ke the call youve been thinking about for a while or you can put it off for another day. Whats more, you can also choose to be positive or you can choose to simply carry on living as you are. 2 And then carry on that way for the rest of your life.Extend positiveness to others. Making others feel goo

46、d about themselves can have lasting positive effects on your own life.Never forget to admire your family, friends, and colleagues for the good things which they are doing in their lives, even if they dont directly affect you. 3 Adjust your negative thinking patterns. Its fine to acknowledge that bad

47、 things in life might happen at any time. 4 Yet being overly negative can seriously ruin your chances of finding happiness in your life. Reframing your awkwardly negative thoughts into more realistic patterns may be the key to helping you maintain optimism.Practice gratitude. Spend some time thinkin

48、g about all of the things you have to be thankful for. 5 You could even choose to keep diaries, where you can put down anything that makes you smile. If nothing else, take a moment every once in a while to stop, smile and be thankful for the positive things in life.AImagine a positive future.BForm t

49、he habit of keeping diaries.COf course, its also necessary to praise yourself.DIgnoring reality isnt the most helpful method.EBeing optimistic starts with the decision to be positive.FIt will often provide you with an instant optimism boost.GTake a moment to work out how realistic your thoughts real

50、ly are.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幫助持悲觀態(tài)度的人們進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)變的幾種辦法想象積極的未來、選擇樂觀、傳遞積極樂觀、調(diào)整消極思維模式、踐行感恩。1A考查主旨句。本段主要講了“說到對(duì)生活的總體態(tài)度時(shí)，把你對(duì)于一個(gè)積極的明天的想法寫下來會(huì)有很大的影響想想所有未來可能出現(xiàn)的積極的結(jié)果?！睋?jù)此可知，本段主要是說要積極樂觀地暢想未來，故A項(xiàng)適合作本段的主旨句。2E考查上下文銜接。空前一句講到了“你可以選擇積極或者只是繼續(xù)按你本來的樣子生活”，而空后一句講到了“余生繼續(xù)那種生活方式?！痹俳Y(jié)合本段主旨句“選擇樂觀”可知，空處應(yīng)該會(huì)講到選擇積極樂觀，故E項(xiàng)符合語境。3C考查上下文銜接。本段主旨

51、句為“將積極樂觀傳遞給別人?！笨涨耙痪渲v的是“對(duì)于你的家人、朋友、同事做的好事，哪怕對(duì)你無直接影響，也要記得去贊賞他們?！边@是贊賞他人，C項(xiàng)的“贊賞自己”與之相對(duì)應(yīng)，所以C項(xiàng)符合語境。4D考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v到了“承認(rèn)生活中隨時(shí)可能會(huì)發(fā)生一些不好的事情是可以的?！笨蘸笠痪渲v到了“然而，過度消極會(huì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害你在生活中找到幸福的機(jī)會(huì)。”因此空處講的應(yīng)該是面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)不要逃避，故D項(xiàng)符合語境。5F考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v到了“花些時(shí)間去思考一下所有你應(yīng)該感恩的事情?！笨蘸笠痪渲v到了“你甚至可以記日記，把所有讓你微笑的事情記錄下來?！边@兩句都是對(duì)“踐行感恩”的舉例，因此空處應(yīng)該是對(duì)這樣做的效果的評(píng)價(jià)

52、，所以F項(xiàng)符合語境。.完形填空(2021福州市質(zhì)量檢測(cè))As a motivational speaker, Robert Kiyosaki has achieved a lot. His reputation is mainly 1 his success as founder of the Rich Dad Company. However, he also has 2 himself as one of the most influential motivators of our time.Robert Kiyosaki 3 believes in the power of knowle

53、dge.While accepting formal education is 4 ， he is convinced that the process of 5 lasts throughout ones life. For Kiyosaki，the most successful people are those who are 6 ， who question everything, and who 7 every chance to learn.Kiyosaki is a great believer in action. He 8 those who seek success to take action now. Success comes to those who act and dont 9 their ambition. Action creates the energy that drives you on to further action.Kiyosaki has little