1、專題四語法填空知識(shí)運(yùn)用篇第二部分有提示詞填空第一講動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致1技能突破3隨堂訓(xùn)練2走出誤區(qū)4復(fù)習(xí)練案技 能 突 破技法1：基本定義需記牢高考語法填空對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的考查多為基本定義的考查，因此掌握高考考試說明中規(guī)定的時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法對(duì)解題非常重要 (2016全國卷)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and_ (be) too violent for use at the table.解題思路分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子缺少謂語根據(jù)從句中的would及連詞and判斷謂語動(dòng)詞表示過去聯(lián)想表示過去的時(shí)態(tài)的基本定義嘗試解答：_

2、were(2016北京高考改編)I _(read) half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.(2016北京高考改編)Jack _ (work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I _ (leave)my book in the cafe.The best information about hotels usually _(come)from friends who hav

3、e been there.have read was working had left comes 技法2：時(shí)間狀語要明了在高考語法填空中，有時(shí)會(huì)直接給出時(shí)間標(biāo)志，考生可以根據(jù)所給標(biāo)志詞或時(shí)間狀語輕松得出答案。(2016四川高考)Then，after two and a half years，the mother_(drive)the young panda away.解題思路分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子缺少謂語根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語after two and a half years判斷表示過去的情況嘗試解答：_Drove 技法解讀牢記各種時(shí)態(tài)常用標(biāo)志詞看到always，usually，often，sometim

4、es，every week (day，year，month.)，once a week(day，year，month.)，on Sundays等時(shí)間狀語，想到一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；看到y(tǒng)esterday，last時(shí)間(如1astweek，month. year，Monday等)，in過去的年份，時(shí)間ago(如a few minutes ago，two weeks ago，years ago等)，before，the age of，the other day，once upon a time，時(shí)間段later等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般過去時(shí)；看到tomorrow，next day(week，month，ye

5、ar.)，soon，the day after tomorrow，in時(shí)間段(in two hours，in a few minutes等)，in the future等時(shí)間段，要想到用一般將來時(shí)；看到now，at this time，at this moment，look，listen，at present，these days，this week等標(biāo)志詞，要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；看到for一段時(shí)間，since時(shí)間點(diǎn)，since時(shí)間段ago，ever since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，lately，recently，up to now，in/during/over

6、 the past/last一段時(shí)間，要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；看到by/before/by the end of/by the time of過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，要想到用過去完成時(shí)。(2015全國卷)This cycle _(go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.Once up on a time，there _ (be)a silly emperor wh

7、o loved clothing more than anything else.At the moment，he is _(write)an article which is related to the origin of human beings.In the last few years，China _ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.goes was writing has made 技法3：語境理解少不了高考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查更關(guān)注通過語境解題，因此學(xué)會(huì)判斷上下文的語境信息很關(guān)鍵。(2017江蘇高考)The pu

8、blication of Great Expectations, which _(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.解題思路分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子缺少謂語根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)strengthened判斷從句謂語表達(dá)過去發(fā)生的事情嘗試解答：_was 技法解讀句子沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，考生需借助上下文語境，挖掘 出隱含信息，弄清動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間以及順序，才能得出答案。(2014全國卷)In 1969，the pollution is terrible along t

9、he Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It _(be)unimaginable that it could be ever cleaned up.To my delight，I _(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.I went to Ningxia and _(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.was was chosen staged 技法4：固定句式很重要固定句式在高考語法填空中占有一席之

10、地，因此記牢它們對(duì)解題非常關(guān)鍵。(2017天津高考) I _(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.解題思路分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)使用固定結(jié)構(gòu)“was/were doing.when.正在.就在這時(shí)突然.”。根據(jù)固定結(jié)構(gòu)判斷主句中時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)嘗試解答：_解析：考查固定句型was/were doing.when.正在.就在這時(shí)突然.。句意：我正駕車開往倫敦，就在這時(shí)我突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己走錯(cuò)了路。was driving 技法解讀牢記幾種固定句式看到no sooner.than.或hardly.when.

11、，要想到主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)；看到并列連詞when，要想到與was/were doing連用；看到It/This/That is序數(shù)詞that從句，要想到從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；看到It/This/That was序數(shù)詞that從句，要想到從句用過去完成時(shí)；看到It/This is最高級(jí)十名詞that從句，要想到從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；看到“祈使句and/or陳述句”，要想到陳述句用一般將來時(shí)。Its said that this is the first time the painting _(show) to the public，which attracts many people.I

12、t goes without saying that this is the best place I _(be) to.Yesterday，I _(wait)for bus when the rain started to come down.Put your heart into study，and you _(make)a lot of progress soon.has been showed have been was waiting will make 技法5：邏輯關(guān)系要理清搞清句中主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系是做題的根本。如果主語和謂語存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語和謂語存在被動(dòng)

13、關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(2016全國卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might_(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.解題思路分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子缺少謂語判斷主語chopsticks與謂語make的邏輯關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系嘗試解答：_be made 技法解讀(1)牢記高考常考的幾種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are done一般過去時(shí)was/were done一般將來時(shí)shall/will be done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were b

14、eing done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been done過去完成時(shí)had been done將來完成時(shí)shall/will have been done(2)不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和短語不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)沒有賓語，故不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。take place，come true，come about，break out，appear，happen，disappear，last，arise等。表示主語特征的詞，如read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock，break，catch，cut，drive，open等，常與not，hardly，well，easily，badly，ni

15、cely等副詞連用。系動(dòng)詞如appear，be，become，fall，feel，get，grow，keep，look，remain，seem smell，sound，stay，taste，turn等不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(2016四川高考)The giant，panda _ (love)by people throughout the world.(2016江蘇高考改編)More efforts，as reported，_ (make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform.(2017江蘇高考)He hu

16、rried home，never once looking back to see if he _(follow)Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what _(look)nice.Because of the heavy snow，a serious accident _(happen) to the family.is loved will be made was being followed looks happened 技法6：主謂一致原則(2016全國卷)Leaving the less important th

17、ings until tomorrow_(be) often acceptable.解題思路分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子缺少謂語動(dòng)名詞短語作主語可判斷謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)嘗試解答：_is技法解讀(1)語法一致原則主語是單數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞，或both.and.連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。主語后有with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，rather than，including，besides，like，except，but等詞或短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

18、形式由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定?！癮 number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Reading is learning.讀書就是學(xué)習(xí)。在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致。(2)意義一致原則即謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語所表達(dá)的概念。由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞，如果是指同一概念(即and后面無冠詞)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。表示金錢、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長度等

19、復(fù)數(shù)名詞及詞組作主語時(shí)，一般被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。集體名詞(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government等)如果表示整體概念，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示集體中的成員，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3)就近一致原則由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also).，not.but.或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與較近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。There be.和Here be.這兩個(gè)句式中的be動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。(2017溫州一模)It was the boy，rath

20、er than his teacher，that _(be) to blame for what he had done.(2017雙鴨山一模)The number of traffic accidents that happen in developing countries _(be) increasing.To a disabled person，even 50 meters _(be)a long distance to cover.It is reported that there _(be) going to be heavy storms in the coming month.

21、Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ (be) tired of having one examination after another.was is is are are At yesterdays party，the number of people invited _ (be) fifty，but a number of them _ (be) absent for different reasons.(2017天津高考)Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，_(regard)as one o

22、f the best all-round forms of exercise.was were is regarded 時(shí)成語態(tài)解題技巧四步、一提醒第一步，確定句子是否缺謂語如果括號(hào)中給出的詞是動(dòng)詞，首先分析句子成分，看句子是否缺謂語。第二步，確定動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)確定缺少謂語之后，根據(jù)具體的語境、時(shí)間狀語等確定使用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。第三步，確定動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)根據(jù)主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系確定語態(tài)。第四步，確定主謂一致最后根據(jù)主語確定謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上的一致性。提醒：如果括號(hào)中給出的詞是動(dòng)詞，偶爾會(huì)考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Every morning when we get up，we have a _(choose)

23、of how we want to face life that day.choice 走 出 誤 區(qū)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1相近時(shí)態(tài)混用(2017青島一模)China _ (spend)a lot of money on such research over the past years.(母題變式)China _ (spend)a lot of money on such research before Tu Youyou gained the award.has spent had spent 點(diǎn)撥現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是指某個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在有影響，是站在“

24、現(xiàn)在”的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上；過去完成時(shí)則比現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往前推了一段時(shí)間，即“過去的過去”，是站在“過去”的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上。(2)題根據(jù)over the past years可知spend這個(gè)動(dòng)作是站在“現(xiàn)在”的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上，填has spent；題根據(jù)before Tu Youyou gained the award可判斷spend這個(gè)動(dòng)作是站在“過去”的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上，填had spent。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2語境信息把握不準(zhǔn)(2017東城一模)The manager _ (leave) for London for a business conference this afternoon Can you get him to t

25、he airport?(母題變式)The manager _ (leave) for London for a business conference already.Can you visit him when he comes back?is leaving has left 點(diǎn)撥(1)根據(jù)題中后文Can you get him to the airport？說明經(jīng)理將要離開，此處be現(xiàn)在分詞表示將來時(shí)，故填 is leaving。(2)根據(jù)題中后文Can you visit him when he comes back？說明經(jīng)理已經(jīng)離開。另外，根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞already，故填has lef

26、t。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3把其他成分當(dāng)成主語It is reported that these ways to grow more trees in the desert _ (be) very effective.(母題變式)It is reported that finding ways to grow more trees in the desert _ (be) his life goal.are is 點(diǎn)撥(1)題中主語為these ways，因此謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)題中主語為finding ways，動(dòng)名詞作主語，因此謂語要用單數(shù)形式。隨 堂 訓(xùn) 練.單句練習(xí) More subway lin

27、es_(build)to make travelling easy in Beijing in the coming years. Since its start，WeChat_(develop) into the most popular messaging communication service in China.The father as well as his three children_(go)skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. My grandpa has been enjoying go

28、od health ever since he _ (stop) smoking. My uncle_(live) in Taiwan for 20 years.Now he has settled down in the mainland.will be built has developed goes stopped lived Every December Nobel Prizes_(award) to people who have made outstanding contributions to the world.He was unhappy when he sold his v

29、iolin.After all，he _(have) it for a very long time. The professor has just finished writing a book and it _ (publish) before long.are awarded had will be published .易錯(cuò)練習(xí)：注意下列動(dòng)詞的不規(guī)則變化He opened the door，_(take) off his coat and went into the kitchen.He_(write) a letter where he explained what had happ

30、ened in the accident.Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives.For example，the information for weather forecasts _(send) by satellites. The dog was very happy，and_(eat) the meat up at once. The pictures displayed on the wall_( choose) from thousands of students.took wrote is sent ate we

31、re chosen .語篇練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)填空。Every April，there 1._(be) a special day when people remember and honor their ancestors.It 2._(call) Tomb Sweeping Day，also known as Qingming Festival.Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival.It 3._(begin) over 2,000 years ago.A lot of poems about Qingming 4._(write) by the end of the Tang Dynasty.A well-known poem by the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu 5._(d