1、2021/8/11 星期三1Unit1Nothing ventured, nothing gained2021/8/11 星期三22021/8/11 星期三3Reading2021/8/11 星期三4 Choose the correct answer to each question. l Why did Blackborow think that being young, fit and energetic would encourage Shackleton to take him on the trip? A Shackleton liked young people who were

2、 fit and energetic. B It would be cold and Shackleton would need young, energetic people to do difficult jobs. C Shackleton wanted people who were fit but not trained in useful skills. 1) Blackborow would not have gone unless he was young and energetic.2021/8/11 星期三52 Why did Shackleton accept Perce

3、 when he found him hiding in the ship after the voyage had started? A He didnt have time to turn round and take him back to England. B He admired his courage and encouraged him to stay. C He felt angry but could not show it so he accepted die boy. D He made the best of the situation. 2021/8/11 星期三63

4、 Why did Shackleton not show how disappointed he was when the ship sank? A He thought he could always organize another expedition. B He knew it would be easier to cross Antarctica without the ship C He felt the men would need encouraging after this disaster. D He had already taken all necessary supp

5、lies from the ship2021/8/11 星期三72021/8/11 星期三8Using languageShackletons problems How he overcame them 1 To make sure that the group left behind had the best chance of survival The choice of his party: He took the best navigator and the most difficult crew members so that he left the optimistic and m

6、ost co-operative people behind. 2 How to arrive safely on South Georgia The quality of the navigation: Despite terrible seas the navigator checked the ships position only three times but managed to arrive safely. 3 He arrived on the wrong side of South Georgia. The perseverance of the party: They cr

7、ossed the mountains sometimes sliding on their bottoms and arrived safely.2021/8/11 星期三9Grammar2021/8/11 星期三101. He slept on firewood and straw to remind him of his sufferings. （P1） 【解析】remind提醒，使想起，使記起。 【考查方向】和一些意思相近的動(dòng)詞辨析，考查remind的用法：remind sb of sth/sb；remind sb to do sth；remind sb that。 【真題再現(xiàn)】 In

8、 our childhood, we were often _ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners. (江蘇2005) A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped2021/8/11 星期三11What you said just now _ me of that American professor. （上海2000春） A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized 【點(diǎn)撥】demand要求，需要；remind提醒；allow允許；ho

9、pe希望。句意：小時(shí)候，我們經(jīng)常被祖母提醒注意餐桌禮儀。首先，能帶動(dòng)詞不定式做補(bǔ)足語的只有remind 和allow；其次，根據(jù)語境判斷，此處應(yīng)理解為“被提醒要做”。故選B。 本題考查了remind sb of sb(sth)句式。句意：你剛才所說的話使我想起了那位美國教授。 選C。2021/8/11 星期三122. Shacklenton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of any of his expeditions. (P2)【

10、解析】本句是consider的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。它改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)是：consider sb to be。句中consider意為“認(rèn)為、以為”，后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，常用to be，如果接行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則用to have done作賓補(bǔ)，通常不跟 to do sth.?！究疾榉较颉縞onsider作“考慮”講時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語；consider作“認(rèn)為”解時(shí)，常用于consider sb to be或consider sb to have done sth結(jié)構(gòu)（謂語動(dòng)詞常用被動(dòng)式）。2021/8/11 星期三13【真題再現(xiàn)】Charles Babbage is generally consider

11、ed the first computer.（全國1993）A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented【點(diǎn)撥】consider用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。選A。2021/8/11 星期三143. “Hold on now, Perce. Dont you go turning into another Tom, ” comes the reply. （P2）【解析】hold on繼續(xù)，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持；忍受。【考查方向】hold on常用于口語中，表示“抓住，繼續(xù)，（電話）別掛

12、斷，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持；忍受。”2021/8/11 星期三15【真題再現(xiàn)】Hello, John here. Can I speak to Mary, please? _ . （上海2000春）Of course, but shes out B. She will be back in a moment C. You may leave a message D. Hold on, please 【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)上下文對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知，這是找約翰接電話，第二個(gè)人說：“別掛斷，我去給你喊?！惫蚀鸢笧镈。2021/8/11 星期三164. With no trees growing on Antarctica and

13、 no oil, the only fuel we could use was seal fat. (P9)【解析】with常構(gòu)成“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語或定語?！究疾榉较颉孔髻e補(bǔ)的常有名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞形式、動(dòng)詞不定式等，但過去分詞表示已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，它與賓語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系；動(dòng)名詞形式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，它與賓語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系；動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生。2021/8/11 星期三17【真題再現(xiàn)】I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.（北京2005）going on B. goes

14、 onC. went on D. to go on_ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life. （2005江西）AHaving given up hope of cureBWith no hope for cureCThere being hope for cureDIn the hope of cure2021/8/11 星期三18【點(diǎn)撥】本題須重點(diǎn)注意的是with 是介詞，而非連詞，所以

15、它后面不能接句子；再者，noise和go on 構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示伴隨，所以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語。答案為A。本題關(guān)鍵在于考慮到and的用法及句子的意思，由and前后結(jié)構(gòu)一般大致可知，應(yīng)選B。2021/8/11 星期三195. As one of our group, Lionel Greenstreet noted in his diary after a few weeks how bored he was with the meals. (P9)【解析】感嘆句充當(dāng)賓語從句?！究疾榉较颉扛袊@句有兩種句式：how+adj./adv.+主語+謂語! what+a(an) +(形容詞)+名詞+

16、主語+謂語!感嘆句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，仍用感嘆語序。2021/8/11 星期三20【真題再現(xiàn)】Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. （2004廣東）A. that B. howC. such D. soI was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made.（湖南2005） A. what B. that C. how D. which 【點(diǎn)撥】屬于第一種句式：

17、how+adj./adv.+主語+謂語! 答案為B。屬于第二種句式：what+a(an)+名詞+主語+謂語!或what+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語! 答案為A。2021/8/11 星期三21Exercises2021/8/11 星期三221.Nowadays more and more people think it challenging to _ on dangerous journeys. A. risk B. struggle C. venture D. fight2.The expedition team suffered beyond _ when they got lost in

18、the heavy forest. A. courage B. endurance C. perseverance D. rank3.The story of rescue was so touching that all the students were listening with _ attention. A. breathless B. soundless C. speechless D. delayless2021/8/11 星期三234.Luckily, most blind people _ good senses of hearing and touch.A. bless w

19、ithB. are blessed withC. bless inD. are blessed in5.It was reported that all 224 passengers _ died in the air-crash.A. boarding B. boarded C. on aboardD. aboard6.The door fell down and _ the vase beside it to pieces.A. pressed B. pushed C. crashed D. crushed2021/8/11 星期三247.It was doubtlessly _ for

20、the kids to play the same game all day long. A. discouraging B. discouraged C. boring D. bored8.This kind of coal _ a lot of smoke when _. A. sends off; burnt B. sends off; burning C. gives off; burnt D. gives off; burning9.Despite the failure of his experiments, the scientist _ in his research.A. s

21、tuck B. insisted C. persevered D. continued2021/8/11 星期三2510.The government is _ building more boarding schools in the countryside. A. advising B. advocatingC. arguingD. proposing11. How did he carry the badly injured lady to the hospital? _.A. It was of great care B. It was careful enoughC. It was

22、great care D. It was with great care2021/8/11 星期三2612. - Is Mr. Fan there? There is something I really need to talk to him about. - No, he is out. _? A. Whats that B. What do you want to say C. Can I take a message for him D. Can you trust me13. - Watch! - I _ but I _ anything unusual. A. watched; h

23、ave watched B. have watched; see C. was watching; wasnt seeing D. am watching; dont see2021/8/11 星期三2714. She became the first black woman to be _ to the Senate. A. selected B. elected C. chosen D. picked out15. The patient is supposed to go to the hospital for _ checks. A. common B. normal C. regul

24、ar D. usual2021/8/11 星期三28Language points2021/8/11 星期三29 1 I try to think of happier things：warm and dryclothes，a cosy bedroom，sunny days，my mothers face and the celebration we will get when we return，for I am part of failed expedition that tried to cross the continent of Antarctica，something that h

25、ad never been donebefore我嘗試著想一些快樂的事情：溫暖和干爽的衣服、舒適的臥室、陽光燦爛的日子、媽媽的臉龐以及返家后得到的慶賀，因?yàn)槲沂窃噲D橫穿南極大陸的一次失敗探險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)的成員之一，這種事以前還沒有人做過。 值得注意的是，本句中出現(xiàn)了多種形式(如單詞、詞組、分詞、從句)的定語。for所引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)原因狀語從句。 2021/8/11 星期三30expedition既可指“為特定目標(biāo)而進(jìn)行的團(tuán)體旅行或考察”，例如：a scientific expedition to theSouth Pole(對(duì)南極的科學(xué)考察)，叉可指“參加考察的團(tuán)隊(duì)”。在本句中，expedition取第

26、二種意義，即“探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)，遠(yuǎn)征隊(duì)”。如： The expedition successfully reached the top of MtQomolongma探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)員們成功登上珠穆朗瑪峰的峰頂。 An expedition was sent to photograph wild animalsin Africa一支探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)被派往非洲拍攝野生動(dòng)物。2021/8/11 星期三312Our circumstances are so desperate that it isUncertain whether we will ever return alive我們的境況讓人絕望，誰也不清楚會(huì)不會(huì)活著回去。

27、circumstance常用復(fù)數(shù)，表示“環(huán)境l情況形勢(shì)”。如： The circumstances of this case are unusual這件案子的情況很不尋常。 Due to certain circumstances beyond our control，We have been forced to close the exhibition for the next two days由于某些不可拉因素，我們不得不在未來兩天關(guān)閉展覽會(huì)。 常見短語有： in/under no circumstances意思是“決不無論如何也不”。2021/8/11 星期三32如： Under no

28、circumstances will China be the first touse nuclear weapons中國決不首先使用核武器。 She wont give up in any circumstances在任何情況下她都不會(huì)屈服。 in，under the circumstances表示“在這種情況下；因?yàn)檫@種情況”。如： Its amazing that they did so well under thecircumstances他們?cè)谶@種情況下表現(xiàn)得如此出色，實(shí)在令人驚嘆。 In exceptional circumstances students may takeexam

29、s at other times如遇特殊情況，學(xué)生可在其他時(shí)段考試。2021/8/11 星期三33 alive (adj)意思是“活著的活潑的”。這里涉及到一個(gè)語法難點(diǎn)，即形容詞作伴隨狀語，說明狀態(tài)，而不是方式。如： As soon as the king died，the queen was buriedalive皇帝一死，皇后就被活埋。 Make sure that he is captured alive 一定要活捉他。 其它形容詞作伴隨狀語的例子有： Suddenly he fell on the ground dead 突然，他倒地而死。 He went to bed，cold an

30、d hungry他上床睡覺時(shí)覺得又冷又餓。2021/8/11 星期三34 3So it was with great excitement one morning inJuly l914 that I read this advertisement：所以在1914年7月的一個(gè)早晨，我是懷著無比激動(dòng)的心情讀以下這則廣告的： 這旬是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，正常語序是：I read thisadvertisement with great excitement one morning in Jnlyl9142021/8/11 星期三35 4 On January l8th，1915 the Endurance b

31、ecame stuck in pack ice (which can be solid or broken into huge floating pieces of ice )as we approached Antarctica1915年1月18日，正當(dāng)我們接近南極洲之時(shí)，“持久號(hào)”被海上的浮冰(有的堅(jiān)硬無比，有的破裂成若干塊巨大的冰塊漂浮在水上)卡住了。、 stuck是stick的過去分詞，意思是“被固定、卡住、塞住或阻住”。2021/8/11 星期三36如： The bus was stuck in the mud公共汽車陷在泥里動(dòng)不了了。 The key stuck in the lo

32、ck鑰匙卡在鎖里拔不出來。 He got stuck in traffic for an hour and missed thetrain他被堵在路上一個(gè)小時(shí)，誤了火車。 pack ice是一個(gè)固定短語，意思是“海上大浮冰”(an expanse of large pieces off floating ice driventogether into an early continuous mass)2021/8/11 星期三37 5 I believe Shackleton must have mourned this unexpected end to his expedition，but

33、 he did not wastetime on regrets我相信沙克爾頓肯定會(huì)對(duì)這次探險(xiǎn)意想不到的結(jié)局而痛心，但他沒并有把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在遺憾和悔恨中。 must have表示對(duì)過去事情的猜測(cè)，而且是很有把握的猜測(cè)。2021/8/11 星期三38如： He looked great He must have enjoyed his holiday他看上去氣色很好，他一定是度過了一個(gè)開心的假期。 My coat isnt there Someone must have taken itby mistake我的外套不在那兒，準(zhǔn)是有人拿錯(cuò)了。2021/8/11 星期三396 Soon Shackle

34、ton set out the framework for ourlife here：no differences in rank or in social status；everyone to keep busy；a fair division of food andbedding；and a concerti for削1不久沙克爾頓給我們這里的生活列出了規(guī)矩：取消級(jí)別和社會(huì)地位上的差異，每個(gè)人都得忙起來公平分配食物和臥具，關(guān)心每一個(gè)人。 2021/8/11 星期三40set out在本句中的意思是“清楚而詳細(xì)地解釋或描繪”(to explain，describe，or arrange so

35、mething ina clear and detailed way，especially in writing)。如： The reasons for my decision are set out in myreport我在報(bào)告里逐項(xiàng)列出了做出該決定的原因。 He set out his plans for the department in hisreport他在報(bào)告中詳細(xì)陳述了他對(duì)部門發(fā)展的計(jì)劃2021/8/11 星期三41set out還有其它的意義：認(rèn)真著手(做某事)；出發(fā)，陳列或擺設(shè)。如： When we set out on this project，we knew it wo

36、uldbe successful當(dāng)我們著手做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我們就知道它一定會(huì)成功。 After a short rest，we set out again稍作休息后，我們?cè)俅纬霭l(fā)。 Please set out the chairs for the meeting in rows often請(qǐng)把開會(huì)要用的椅子擺成十個(gè)一排。 2021/8/11 星期三42詞語聯(lián)想 set about (sth)著手(某項(xiàng)工作) setback妨礙，阻礙 set down把 放下來 set in(氣候、季節(jié)等)開始 set off動(dòng)身，出發(fā)發(fā)射 set up豎起I創(chuàng)立2021/8/11 星期三437 The dan

37、ger of what lay ahead of them，thechances of them ever returning to find us，the fear thatWe might never know their fate and possible delays，atFirst made us feel low and discouraged起初，他們將面臨的危險(xiǎn)、回來尋找我們的機(jī)會(huì)，以及害怕再也無從知曉他們的命運(yùn)和可能的耽擱，都使我們情緒低落、沮喪不已。 2021/8/11 星期三44本句的主語由三個(gè)名詞詞組并列組成，thedanger，the chancesThe fear，

38、但值得注意的是，三個(gè)名詞詞組后面的短語或從句結(jié)構(gòu)的語法功能不盡相同：of what lay ahead of them是danger的定語，of them ever returning to finds是chances的定語，that引導(dǎo)的從旬是修飾fear的同位語從句。2021/8/11 星期三45 8 If this stands for a period of time its saltdisappears and it becomes fresh water suitable fordrinking如果冰塊溶化了一段時(shí)間，水里面的鹽分就會(huì)消失，之后變成適于飲用的淡水。 stand在這里

39、的意思是“使(液體)保持靜止不動(dòng)，靜置沉淀”。如： Leave the water to stand overnight讓水沉淀一晚。 Stand the mixture for 20 minutes and see whathappens將混合溶液靜置20分鐘，看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么變化。2021/8/11 星期三469 We could also eat the remains when the fire died down火熄滅后我們也可以吃剩下的東西。 值得注意的是remains并不是r咖甜n的復(fù)數(shù)，remain,有動(dòng)詞意義，而無名詞意義。remains是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，意思是“剩余物；遺

40、跡；遺體；殘骸”。如： the remains of a meal殘羹剩飯 the remains of an army殘兵敗將 His remains are buried in the churchyard他的尸體葬在教堂的墓地里。2021/8/11 星期三47 die down的意思是“漸弱；漸熄”(to become less strong or violent)。如： The wind died down風(fēng)勢(shì)漸漸弱了下來。 The excitement soon died down那股興奮勁兒漸漸冷了下來。 詞語聯(lián)想 die away(聲音、風(fēng)、光等)漸漸減弱，甚至停止 die o行

41、 c有生命的群體)一個(gè)接一個(gè)地死去 die out (家族、種族、習(xí)俗、觀念等)完全消失一絕種2021/8/11 星期三4810 As a chef, it was my duty to clean and cook these animals so 1 was soon being encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could It was difficult作為廚子，我的責(zé)任就是把這些動(dòng)物清洗干凈并做成熟肉。沒過多久，他們就不斷鼓動(dòng)我想方設(shè)法變化伙食的花樣。這可真不容易。 chef和cook都有“廚師”的意思，但chef多 指“廚

42、技高超的男性廚師，主廚”，而cook則泛指 “烹調(diào)食物的人”。2021/8/11 星期三49如： He works as a chef in a restaurant他在一家餐館 當(dāng)廚師。 Who is the cook in your family?在你們家誰做 飯? 這里有兩個(gè)it，所指代的對(duì)象不同。第一個(gè)it 是形式主語，指代to clean and cook these animals， 而第二個(gè)it是代詞，指代前旬中的to vary the meals in whatever way I could。2021/8/11 星期三50 vary意思是“改變，變化使多樣化”，既可 作及物動(dòng)

43、詞，又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。如： The temperature varies from time to time溫度時(shí) 有變化。 The teacher was advised to vary his teachingmethods有人建議這位老師改變一下教學(xué)方法。 Mom is a good cook；she varies the meals so thatWhenever get tired of eating at home：媽媽是個(gè)好廚師。她總是變換飯菜的口味，所以我們從不厭煩在家吃飯。2021/8/11 星期三5111 It was almost as dangerous to beco

44、me too hotfrom wearing too many clothes as to become too coldfrom wearing too few穿衣服太多而太熱同穿得太少而太冷差不多一樣危險(xiǎn)。 這個(gè)句子比較的是兩個(gè)不定式短語，意思是：To become too hot from wearing too many Clothes wasalmost as dangerous as to become too cold from wearingtoo few2021/8/11 星期三5212 Our optimism and faith in Shackleton hadHelp

45、ed us persevere in staying alive and he had repaid usBy is commitment to return and save us from a slow but painful death樂觀和對(duì)沙克爾頓的信任幫助我們堅(jiān)持頑強(qiáng)地活了下來，他給我們的回報(bào)則是承諾返回島上，并且把我從緩慢而又痛苦的死亡中解救出來。 persevere的意思是“堅(jiān)持；忍耐”，不及物動(dòng)詞，后面常接In或with。2021/8/11 星期三53如： He perseveres in his studies他孜孜不倦地學(xué)習(xí)。 She persevered with he

46、r piano lessons她持之以恒地努力學(xué)鋼琴。 The police will persevere with their efforts toInvestigate the crime警方會(huì)盡全力將這起犯罪案件調(diào)查到底。2021/8/11 星期三54repay的意思是“回報(bào)；報(bào)答；償還”。如： When do you think you will be able to repayus7你認(rèn)為你什么時(shí)候能還我們錢? I couldnt find a way of repaying the familys kindness我不知該如何報(bào)答這一家人的好意。 常見搭配 repay sb for

47、 sth因?yàn)?某事)而報(bào)答(某人) repay sb withby doing sth(以某種方式)回報(bào)(某人)。如： Well never be able to repay you for everything you,ve done for us我們永遠(yuǎn)也無法報(bào)答你為我們所2021/8/11 星期三55做的一切。 She tried to be a good teacher，and the students repaid her with their love and respect她努力想當(dāng)一名好老師，而學(xué)生也以愛和尊敬回報(bào)她。 After I have done so much for

48、 you how can you repay me by lying to me?我為你付出這么多，你怎么能用謊話來回報(bào)我? commitment的意思是“承諾責(zé)任約束”。2021/8/11 星期三56如： Weve made a commitment to helpand we will我們已經(jīng)答應(yīng)幫忙，我們一定說到做到。 I cant d0 this job right now because of other commitments因?yàn)檫€有別的事要做，目前我不能做這項(xiàng)工作。 Hecould9tgoonholidaywithusbecauseofwork commitments他公務(wù)纏身，

49、不能和我們一起去度假。2021/8/11 星期三57Grammar:2021/8/11 星期三58定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的。充當(dāng)定語的有:形容詞、代詞、名詞、分詞、介詞短語或副詞和從句. 定語一般用在所修飾詞前，當(dāng)然也存在后置的，如從句，對(duì)所修飾詞期限定或修飾作用。 all students go to school all作students的定語，起限定作用，意思是“所有的”學(xué)生都去學(xué)校，而不是“一部分”。2021/8/11 星期三59英語句子中修飾名詞，代詞或其它名詞化了詞的句子成分叫定語。充當(dāng)定語的有:形容詞、代詞、名詞、分詞、介詞短語或副詞和從句.定語的位置一般有兩種：用在所修飾

50、詞之前的叫前置定語，用在所修飾詞之后的叫后置定語。單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。2021/8/11 星期三601）定語前置在英語里,一般定語前置時(shí)的次序?yàn)?限定詞，形容詞、分詞、動(dòng)名詞和名詞性定語。但當(dāng)幾個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在名詞短語之前,我們要注意其次序。其形容詞遵循的詞序?yàn)椋合抻^形齡色國材，指：限定詞（一般指數(shù)量）；外觀（美麗等）；形狀（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年齡；顏色；國籍；材料；用途。如：a famous American universityan interesting little red French oil pa

51、intinga new plastic bucketpurple velvet curtainsan elegant German clock2021/8/11 星期三61另外,有些形容詞也有特殊的次序:1) 描述身體特征的形容詞先于表示情感和性格特征的形容詞例如:a small lovely girl , a long patient queue , a pale anxious patient ; 2) 表示顏色的形容詞放在表示情感和性格特征的形容詞之后例如:a kindly black teacher ,an inquisitive brown dog ;3) little ,old 和young 有時(shí)可以作為名詞短語不可分割的一部分,所以可以直接放在名詞之前,例如:a lovely little girl 表示性格特征的形容詞可以放在old young 之前,也可放在old young 之后,例如:a young ambitious man (強(qiáng)調(diào)年齡) ,an ambitious young man(強(qiáng)調(diào)雄心勃勃) 。當(dāng)然,三個(gè)以上形容詞連用作定語,就顯得累贅,因此上面所說的情況一般較少出現(xiàn).2021