1、Myers PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 12Motivation and Work MotivationMotivationa need or desire that energizes and directs behaviorInstinctcomplex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearnedMotivationDrive-Reduction Theorythe idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension

2、 state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the needDrive-reducingbehaviors(eating, drinking)Need(e.g., forfood, water)Drive(hunger, thirst)MotivationHomeostasistendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal stateregulation of any aspect of body chemistry around a particular levelIn

3、centivea positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behaviorMotivation-HungerStomach contractions accompany our feelings of hungerMotivation-HungerGlucosethe form of sugar that circulates in the bloodprovides the major source of energy for body tissueswhen its level is low, we feel h

4、ungerMotivation-HungerThe hypothalamus controls eating and other body maintenance functionsMotivation-HungerEating DisordersAnorexia Nervosawhen a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly (15%) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starveusually an adolescent femaleBulimia Ne

5、rvosadisorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exerciseWomens Body ImagesSexual MotivationSexa physiologically based motive, like hunger, but it is more affected by learning and valuesSexual Response Cyc

6、lethe four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson excitementplateauorgasmresolutionSexual MotivationRefractory Periodresting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasmEstrogena sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males Sexual M

7、otivationSame drives, different attitudesSexual MotivationBirths to unwed parentsSexual MotivationSexual MotivationMotivation at WorkFlowa completely, involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of ones skillsIndustrial/Orga

8、nizational (I/O) Psychologythe application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplacesMotivation at WorkPersonnel Psychologysub-field of I-O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development Organizational

9、 PsychologySub-field of I-O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational changeMotivation at WorkMotivation at WorkStructured Interviewprocess that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicantsrated on established

10、scalesAchievement Motivationa desire for significant accomplishmentfor mastery of things, people, or ideasfor attaining a high standardMotivation at Work360-degree feedbackMotivation at WorkOn the right pathMotivationTheory Xassumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money workers should be direct