住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

BorisYeltsin,Russia’s______president,died.HisfuneralinMoscowwasattendedbyabevyofworldleaderspastandpresent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prior

B.past

C.former

D.late

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：俄羅斯______總統(tǒng)鮑里斯?葉利欽去世。C選項(xiàng)formerpresident“前任總統(tǒng)”為固定搭配，其余選項(xiàng)非固定搭配也不符合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Peopletendto_______howdistincttheirownlivesare,sothecommonalitytheyenjoywithotherpeopleseemtothemaseriesofsmallmiracles.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deny

B.overlook

C.exaggerate

D.ignore

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deny“否定；拒絕承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)overlook“俯瞰；未注意到；（對(duì)不良現(xiàn)象等）視而不見(jiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)exaggerate“夸大，言過(guò)其實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)ignore“無(wú)視，佯裝未見(jiàn)”。句意：人們傾向于_______自己的生活是如何獨(dú)特，所以他們與他人的共性看起來(lái)是他們一系列的小小奇跡。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，人們總覺(jué)得自己的生活很獨(dú)特，所以看到和別人的共性時(shí)覺(jué)得簡(jiǎn)直就是奇跡，這里指人們夸大自己的獨(dú)特性，所以exaggerate“夸大，言過(guò)其實(shí)”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discretionary

B.bureaucratic

C.compulsory

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discretionary“自由決定的”；B選項(xiàng)bureaucratic“官僚主義的”；C選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)性的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的”。句意：與其他國(guó)家的同類銀行相比，國(guó)家銀行一直非常強(qiáng)大。它之所以保持這種效力，部分原因是它對(duì)國(guó)家銀行體系的控制沒(méi)有受到政府干預(yù)的阻礙，因此它的行動(dòng)在很大程度上仍然是_______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指國(guó)家銀行沒(méi)有受政府干預(yù)的阻礙，在行動(dòng)上比較自由，所以discretionary“自由決定的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecule.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetocharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices.Forexample,themoderndairycowistheresultofcenturiesofcarefullybreedingindividualanimalsthatcarriedthegenetictraitforhighmilkproduction.However,newtechnologymakesitpossibleforscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthisobtainsmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicingthepiecesaccordingtoanewpattern.ThegenesplicedDNAmoleculemayhaveageneticcodethathasneverexistedbefore.

AlthoughrecombinantDNAtechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,ithasalreadydemonstrateditsvalue.Newcropbreedsproducedbyhisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulinandinterferoncheaply.Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdragstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.However,therecombinantDNAtechnologybringswithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoralpolitical,andsocialissues.Geneticengineeringillustratesdramaticallythepromisesandangersoftechnologicaldevelopment.Thedecisionsoursocietymakesaboutgeneticengineeringwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome.

31.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.

32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutrecombinantDNAtechnology?

33.Theword“alleviate”inparagraph2isnearestinmeaningto________.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgenetictechnologiesis________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBasicFunctionofGeneticEngineering

B.NewApplicationsofGeneticEngineering

C.RecombinantDNATechnology,ANewProcessinGeneticEngineering

D.ThePromises&DangersofTechnologicalDevelopment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbringaboutrapidandradicalgeneticchangesinlifeforms.

B.ItcanbeusedtorestructureDNAmoleculestoproducenewdesiredplantandanimalbreeds.

C.Itmayincreasetheriskofproducingsomeunexpecteddiseases.

D.Itprovesaneffectivewaytocurecancerandotherincurablediseases.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.relieve

B.avoid

C.eliminate

D.terminate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.therewillinevitablybeaheateddebateoverthegeneralapplicationoftherecombinantDNAtechnology

B.theuseoftherecombinantDNAtechnologyonhumanbeingswillbeforbidden

C.therecombinantDNAtechnologycanbetracedbacktohundredsofyearsago

D.seriousdilemmasmaybegeneratedwhenitisusedtomodifyhumangeneticcode

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiastic

B.indifferent

C.critical

D.objective

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】31.主旨大意題。第一段倒數(shù)第二句ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnology（這種新過(guò)程通常被稱為DNA重組技術(shù)），隨后文章講DNA重組技術(shù)的好與壞，所以C選項(xiàng)“重組DNA技術(shù)，基因工程的新方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“基因工程的基本功能”，B選項(xiàng)“基因工程的新應(yīng)用”和D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)發(fā)展的承諾與危險(xiǎn)”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

32.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“能給生命形式帶來(lái)迅速而徹底的基因變化”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句restructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthisobtainsmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.（重組DNA分子本身，從而獲得比過(guò)去更迅速、更徹底的基因變化。），符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“可以用來(lái)重組DNA分子來(lái)產(chǎn)生新的想要的植物和動(dòng)物品種”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Newcropbreedsproducedbyhisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.（通過(guò)這種方法生產(chǎn)的新作物品種已經(jīng)在農(nóng)民的田地里生長(zhǎng)。），符合題意。C選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)增加產(chǎn)生一些意想不到的疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”：根據(jù)第二段第七句Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.（基因剪接可以產(chǎn)生新的疾病微生物，對(duì)我們或我們所依賴的動(dòng)植物都是致命的。），符合題意。D選項(xiàng)“被證明是治療癌癥和其他不治之癥的有效方法”：根據(jù)第二段第五句Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdragstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.（他們還致力于用基因工程制造出一代神奇的藥物來(lái)對(duì)抗癌癥和其他致命疾病。），這不證明是有效的，不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

33.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。alleviate的意思是“緩解，減輕”。根據(jù)第二段第三句Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.（轉(zhuǎn)基因作物可以抵抗害蟲(chóng)、疾病和干旱，這可能是減輕世界各地饑餓的重要努力。），世界各地的饑餓情況只能緩解，所以A選項(xiàng)“緩解，減輕”正確。B選項(xiàng)“避免”，C選項(xiàng)“消除”和D選項(xiàng)“終止”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

34.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“重組DNA技術(shù)的普遍應(yīng)用將不可避免地引發(fā)一場(chǎng)激烈的辯論”和C選項(xiàng)“重組DNA技術(shù)可以追溯到幾百年前”：文章沒(méi)有提到。B選項(xiàng)“重組DNA技術(shù)在人類身上的使用將被禁止”：根據(jù)第二段第四句Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulinandinterferoncheaply.（科學(xué)家們正試圖利用基因工程便宜地生產(chǎn)胰島素和干擾素等重要藥物。），可知重組DNA技術(shù)已經(jīng)在人類身上使用，沒(méi)有提到在未來(lái)會(huì)被禁止，不符合題意。D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)它被用來(lái)修改人類遺傳密碼時(shí)，可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的困境”：根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoralpolitical,andsocialissues.（改變?nèi)祟惢蚪Y(jié)構(gòu)的可能性引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的道德、政治和社會(huì)問(wèn)題。），符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

35.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者同時(shí)描述了DNA重組技術(shù)帶來(lái)的好與壞，同時(shí)進(jìn)行例證，所以D選項(xiàng)“客觀”正確。A選項(xiàng)“熱心”，B選項(xiàng)“冷漠”和C選項(xiàng)“批判”不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Icouldthenrealizethathewasafeverspecialistofworld_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.renown

B.domain

C.prominence

D.authority

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)renown“聲譽(yù)，名望”；B選項(xiàng)domain“領(lǐng)域；產(chǎn)業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)prominence“顯著；卓越”；D選項(xiàng)authority“權(quán)威；權(quán)力”。句意：那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到他是一位世界_______的治療發(fā)燒的專家。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指這位專家很出名，所以renown“聲譽(yù)，名望”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Beforeturningtowriting,Ispenteightyearsasalawyer______abouthowlifewouldbewithaprominentfatherblazingmytrail.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasizing

B.fascinating

C.facilitating

D.finalizing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fantasizing“想象，幻想”；B選項(xiàng)fascinating“使著迷”；C選項(xiàng)facilitating“促進(jìn)；使便利”；D選項(xiàng)finalizing“最終確定（計(jì)劃、協(xié)議等）”。句意：在開(kāi)始寫作之前，我做了八年的律師，______如果有一位杰出的父親為我開(kāi)路，生活會(huì)是怎樣的。根據(jù)howlifewouldbe可知這里使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以fantasizing“想象，幻想”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

如果遇到的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手是受到各自政府過(guò)度保護(hù)的企業(yè)，強(qiáng)大的美國(guó)企業(yè)通常都能迅速地把它們壓制住。事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明，利伯維爾場(chǎng)體制比任何中央計(jì)劃體制都能更有效地分配資金和資源，美國(guó)人也已經(jīng)利用了這一點(diǎn)。因?yàn)槊绹?guó)在基礎(chǔ)層次上有這樣的優(yōu)勢(shì)，它處于國(guó)際財(cái)經(jīng)界的最高層也就不足為奇了。美國(guó)具有這樣的優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)而使它能夠制定游戲規(guī)則，當(dāng)然是對(duì)它自己有利的規(guī)則。

【答案】Whenitcomestocompetingwithcompaniesover-protectedbytheirrespectivegovernments,powerfulAmericancompaniesareusuallyquicktoneutralizethem.TheLibrevillecanallocatefundsandresourcesmoreefficientlythananycentrallyplannedeconomy,whichhasbeenprovedandtheAmericanshaveutilized.Withsuchanadvantageatafundamentallevel,itisnotsurprisingthattheUnitedStatesisatthetopoftheinternationalfinancialpeckingorderandsettherulesofthegame,whichofcoursearebeneficialforit.

8.單選題

Usingmanysymbolsmakes______toputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.itispossible

C.itpossible

D.thatpossible

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：使用多種多樣的符號(hào)可以在一張地圖里放進(jìn)大量的信息。根據(jù)固定搭配makesth.+adj.(forsb.)todosth.“做某事（對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)）是怎么樣的”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知這里it是形式賓語(yǔ)，所以C選項(xiàng)itpossible符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”ispresentedinawidelycitedessayentitled“InDefenseofEquality”.

ThemoststrikingfeatureofWalzer’scritiqueisthat,farfromrejectingtheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomerit,Walzerinsistsonitsvalidity.Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities—“intelligence,physicalstrength,agilityandgrace,artisticcreativity,mechanicalskill,leadership,endurance,memory,psychologicalinsight,thecapacityforhardwork—evenmoralstrength,sensitivity,theabilitytoexpresscompassion”.Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.

ThecenterpieceofWalzer’sargumentistheinvocationofaquotationfromPascal’sPensees,whichconcludes:“Tyrannyisthewishtoobtainbyonemeanswhatcanonlybehadbyanother.”Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities.Sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength.Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit).AndWalzeradvocatesasthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality“theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.WhatWalzerenvisionsisasocietyinwhichwealthisnolongerconvertibleintosocialgoodswithwhichithasnointrinsicconnection.

Walzer’sargumentisapuzzlingone.Afterall,whyshouldthosequalitiesunrelatedtotheproductionofmaterialgoodsberewardedwithmaterialgoods?Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?YetWalzer’sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism—namely,thatitbringstopredominantpositionsinasocietypeoplewho,nomatterhowlegitimatelytheyhaveearnedtheirmaterialrewards,oftenlackthoseotherqualitiesthatevokeaffectionoradmiration.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:inanysocietythat,likeacapitalistsociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialtermsdisproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.

16.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

17.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingasissuesaddressedbyWalzerEXCEPT________.

18.Thepassageprovidessufficientinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

19.TheauthorimpliesthatWalzer’sinterpretationoftheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomeritisdistinctiveforits________.

20.Theauthorimpliesthatsensitivityisnotaqualitythat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arguethatWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthecornerstoneofWalzer’sthinking

B.presentmoreclearlythandoestheessay“InDefenseofEquality”thedistinctivefeaturesofWalzer’spolitico-economictheories

C.demonstratethatWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisneitheroriginalnorpersuasive

D.outlineandtoexaminecriticallyWalzer’spositiononeconomicequality

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.properrecompenseforindividualexcellence

B.properinterpretationof“economicequality”

C.properlevelofasociety’swealth

D.groundsforcallingcapitalism“thetyrannyofmoney”

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whatweightinrelationtootherqualitiesshouldaqualitylikesensitivityhave,accordingtoWalzer,indeterminingtheproperdistributionofgoods?

B.WhichqualitydoesWalzerdeemtoohighlyvaluedunderliberalcapitalism?

C.Whicharethesocialgoodsthatare,accordingtoWalzer,outsidethereachofthepowerofmoney?

D.WhatdeficienciesinWalzer’sownargumentdoesWalzeracknowledge?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.insistenceonmaximizingeveryone’srewards

B.emphasisonequality

C.provenvalidity

D.broadconceptionofwhatconstitutesmerit

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.isessentialinproducingwealth

B.wealthypeoplelack

C.canbesensiblymeasuredonascale

D.characterizestyrannicalpeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】16.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.（沃爾澤批評(píng)自由資本主義的一個(gè)主要主題是，它不夠平等）和第二句Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”（沃爾澤反對(duì)資本主義產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等，支持“激進(jìn)的財(cái)富再分配”），結(jié)合下文對(duì)這觀點(diǎn)的具體闡述，可知本文的目的是D選項(xiàng)“概述并批判性地審視沃爾澤在經(jīng)濟(jì)平等上的立場(chǎng)”。A選項(xiàng)：“證明沃爾澤對(duì)自由資本主義的批判是他思想的基石”，文章的重點(diǎn)不在沃爾澤的理論基礎(chǔ)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“比《為平等辯護(hù)》這篇文章更清楚地呈現(xiàn)了沃爾澤的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的鮮明特征”；C選項(xiàng)“證明沃爾澤對(duì)自由資本主義的批評(píng)既非原創(chuàng)也不具說(shuō)服力”這只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)個(gè)人卓越品質(zhì)的適當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.（卓越的人應(yīng)該得到與其卓越相稱的卓越利益。），可知A選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“正確解釋‘經(jīng)濟(jì)平等’”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalism（沃爾澤反對(duì)資本主義產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等），可知B選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“稱資本主義為‘金錢暴政’的理由”：根據(jù)第三段第四句Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney（據(jù)此，沃爾澤將資本主義描述為對(duì)于金錢的暴政。），可知D選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)財(cái)富的適當(dāng)水平”文章沒(méi)有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoneyenablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.（然而，在資本主義制度下，賺錢的能力使其擁有者能夠獲得幾乎所有其他種類的社會(huì)福利，比如他人的敬意和尊重。），可知沃爾澤認(rèn)為賺錢的能力在資本主義制度中被高估了，隨后在后文闡述具體的情況，所以B選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤認(rèn)為在自由資本主義下什么品質(zhì)被高估了？”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤認(rèn)為，在決定商品的合理分配時(shí)，像敏感性這樣的品質(zhì)與其他品質(zhì)相比應(yīng)該有多大的權(quán)重？”：根據(jù)第四段第三句Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?（如果堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，那些擅長(zhǎng)于“敏感”或“表達(dá)同情的能力”的人，應(yīng)獲得與那些擅長(zhǎng)于對(duì)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富至關(guān)重要的品質(zhì)（如“努力工作的能力”）的人同等的財(cái)富，按帕斯卡爾的意思，這難道不是專制暴政嗎？），這里只是點(diǎn)出敏感的品質(zhì)不應(yīng)該和其他品質(zhì)獲得相同等的財(cái)富，沒(méi)有點(diǎn)出應(yīng)該占的比重，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)沃爾澤的觀點(diǎn)，哪些社會(huì)商品是金錢所不能觸及的？”：根據(jù)第三段第五句AndWalzeradvocatesasthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality“theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.（沃爾澤主張，要消除這種暴政，恢復(fù)真正的平等，就必須“在金錢的范圍之外廢除金錢的力量”。），這里講的是怎樣消除暴政，而不是金錢不能觸及哪些社會(huì)商品，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤承認(rèn)自己的論點(diǎn)有哪些不足之處？”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句YetWalzer’sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism（然則，沃爾澤的論點(diǎn)，無(wú)論它不充分到何種地步，確實(shí)指出了資本主義體制中最嚴(yán)重的一個(gè)弱點(diǎn)），這里講的是資本主義制度的弱點(diǎn)，而不是沃爾澤論點(diǎn)的不足之處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities…Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.（但人們表現(xiàn)出各種各樣的品質(zhì)……每一種都應(yīng)得到適當(dāng)?shù)幕貓?bào)，因此，物質(zhì)財(cái)富的合理分配應(yīng)反映出在這些不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的個(gè)人差異。），沃爾澤和其他人不一樣的地方在于對(duì)價(jià)值的定義更廣泛，所以D選項(xiàng)“什么是功績(jī)的廣義概念”正確。A選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持每個(gè)人的回報(bào)最大化”：文章只是提到合理的回報(bào)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)平等”：不是解釋價(jià)值的概念中強(qiáng)調(diào)的，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“證明有效性”：是普遍同意的觀點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Isitnottyrannical…toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualitiesessentialinproducingwealth?（如果堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，那些擅長(zhǎng)于“敏感”或“表達(dá)同情的能力”的人，應(yīng)獲得與那些擅長(zhǎng)于對(duì)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富至關(guān)重要的品質(zhì)的人同等的財(cái)富，這難道不是專制暴政嗎？），可知作者認(rèn)為其他品質(zhì)也能創(chuàng)造財(cái)富，所以A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的必要條件”正確。B選項(xiàng)“有錢人缺少的品質(zhì)”，C選項(xiàng)“可以用刻度明確地測(cè)量”和D選項(xiàng)“專橫之人的特點(diǎn)”沒(méi)有提到，不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Blackpeoplearebynomeans______whitepeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inferiorover

B.moreinferiorthan

C.inferiorto

D.moreinferiorto

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞用法。A選項(xiàng)inferiorover錯(cuò)誤，inferior不和over連用；B選項(xiàng)moreinferiorthan“更低劣的”，黑人和白人都不低劣，用比較級(jí)不符合語(yǔ)境；C選項(xiàng)inferiorto，beinferiortosb./sth.“較差的”，符合題意；D選項(xiàng)moreinferiorto用法錯(cuò)誤。句意：黑人一點(diǎn)也不比白人低劣。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Between1897and1919,atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasproduced

B.havebeenproduced

C.wouldhaveproduced

D.hadbeenproduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：1897年至1919年間，至少29部出現(xiàn)人造生命的電影被制作出來(lái)。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)motionpictures和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞produce的關(guān)系確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)事件發(fā)生在過(guò)去以及wereportrayed確定用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)hadbeenproduced符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

The______questioninthiscaseiswhethertheaccusedhadamotiveforthiscrimeornot.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crucial

B.forcible

C.supreme

D.valuable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crucial“決定性的”；B選項(xiàng)forcible“有說(shuō)服力的”；C選項(xiàng)supreme“最高的；極大的，極其的”；D選項(xiàng)valuable“有價(jià)值的；重要的”。句意：這個(gè)案子的______問(wèn)題是被告是否有犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，A選項(xiàng)crucial“決定性的”比較符合犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)在案件中的參考作用，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Youhavenothingto_______byrefusingtolistentoouradvice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gain

B.grasp

C.seize

D.earn

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gain“獲益；得到（好處）”；B選項(xiàng)grasp“毫不猶豫地抓住（機(jī)會(huì)）；抓緊；理解”；C選項(xiàng)seize“把握（機(jī)會(huì)、時(shí)機(jī)、主動(dòng)等）；（常指通過(guò)暴力突然）奪取”；D選項(xiàng)earn“賺錢；博得”。句意：如果你不聽(tīng)我們的建議，你就沒(méi)有什么_______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指如果不聽(tīng)從建議，就得不到好處，所以gain“獲益；得到（好處）”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt.Inthe21thcentury,ourdystopiasimagineaworldwherebooksareforgotten.Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovelSuperSadTrueLoveStorydescribesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.Thebookonthebook,itsuggests,isclosing.

Thebook—thephysicalpaperbook—isbeingcircledbyashoalofsharks,withsalesdown9percentthisyearalone.It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.

InhisgorgeouslittlebookTheLostArtofReading—WhyBooksMatterinaDistractedTime,thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling.Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating—butthen,afewyearsago,he“becomeaware,inanapartmentfullofbooks,thatIcouldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread”.Hewouldsitdowntodoitatnight,ashealwayshad,andreadafewparagraphs,thenfindhismindwaswandering,imploringhimtocheckhisemail,orTwitter,orFacebook.“WhatI’mstrugglingwith,”hewrites,“istheencroachmentofthebuzz,thesensethatthere’ssomethingouttherethatmeritsmyattention.”

Ithinkmostofushavethissensetoday,ifwearehonest.Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother.Toread,youneedtoslowdown.Youneedmentalsilenceexceptforthewords.That’sgettinghardertofind.

No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb,andtheywillhavetowrenchmyTwitterfeedfrommycolddeadhands.Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.

Intheageoftheinternet,physicalpaperbooksareatechnologyweneedmore,notless.Inthe1950s,thenovelistHermanHessewrote:“Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.Wehavenotyetquitereachedthepointwhereyoungcompetitors,suchasradio,cinema,etc,havetakenoverthefunctionsfromthebookitcan’taffordtolose.”

31.BymentioningtheworkofGarySteynghart,theauthorintendsto________.

32.Themostsignificantreasonforthefallingsalesofpaperbooksisthat________.

33.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecaninferthat________.

34.Theexplanationoftheword“wired”probablyindicatesthat________.

35.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreeon?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocatetheideathatreadingphysicalpaperbooksisoutoffashion

B.introduceabrandnewelectronicproductevenmoreomnivorousthaniPhone

C.provethatbookswillbeoutweighedbyrealityshowsandporninthefuture

D.indicatethatbooksareleftoutinfictionsdescribingthefutureworld

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.electronicbooksaretakingovermoreandmoremarketshareofpaperbooks

B.people’mindsdon’thavethespaceforreadingduetoallkindsoftemptation

C.bookstoresareoutofbusinessaspeopleprefertoborrowingbooksfromthelibrary

D.peoplethinkthingsontheInternetaremoreworthyoftheirattention

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleareinclinedtotakereadingforgranted

B.people’mindsareencroachedbytheInternet

C.it’shardtoconcentrateonreadingnowadays

D.DavidUlin’sbookgivesreadersastrangefeeling

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplealwaysmisunderstandthefunctionsofinternet

B.Internetispartlyresponsibleforthevanishingofpaperbooks

C.peoplecalltheinternet“wiredworld”forareason

D.Internetwilltakeoverthefunctionsofpaperbooks

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Truereaderscanmaintainreadinginallkindsofenvironment,includingnoisyone.

B.TheInternetshouldbestrictlycondemnedforendangeringphysicalpaperbooks.

C.Physicalpaperbooksarefacingextremedangerofbeingreplacedbyotherthings.

D.Readingbooksisn’tinaccordancewiththeincreasingneedforentertainment.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt…Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovel…describesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.（在20世紀(jì)，所有關(guān)于未來(lái)的可怕小說(shuō)都想象書(shū)會(huì)被燒毀……只舉一個(gè)例子，GarySteynghart的小說(shuō)……描述了一個(gè)世界，在這里每個(gè)人都沉迷于電子設(shè)備——一個(gè)更無(wú)所不包的蘋果手機(jī)，里面有閃爍的購(gòu)物車、真人秀和色情——不知怎么的，人們開(kāi)始認(rèn)為剩下的幾本沒(méi)讀過(guò)的紙書(shū)散發(fā)一股臭味。）可知在第一段中作者主要想表達(dá)在描述未來(lái)的書(shū)中不會(huì)有書(shū)的位置，所以D選項(xiàng)“表明在描述未來(lái)世界的小說(shuō)中沒(méi)有書(shū)”正確，沒(méi)有說(shuō)到真人秀等事物和書(shū)籍的關(guān)系，故C選項(xiàng)“證明書(shū)籍在未來(lái)將被真人秀和色情所取代”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“提倡閱讀紙質(zhì)書(shū)已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)的觀點(diǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“推出一款比iPhone更雜項(xiàng)的全新電子產(chǎn)品”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

32.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.（最重要的是，它所占據(jù)的精神空間正在被我們周圍數(shù)以千計(jì)的大規(guī)模毀滅性武器所侵蝕。），可知紙質(zhì)書(shū)銷量下降主要是因?yàn)樽x者的思想被其他的東西占據(jù)，所以B選項(xiàng)“由于各種各樣的誘惑，人們的思維沒(méi)有空間來(lái)閱讀”正確。A選項(xiàng)“電子圖書(shū)正在占領(lǐng)越來(lái)越多的市場(chǎng)份額的紙質(zhì)書(shū)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.（它正在被電子書(shū)啃噬。），可知文中有提到，但這不是主要原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“書(shū)店因?yàn)槿藗兏矚g從圖書(shū)館借書(shū)而歇業(yè)”：根據(jù)第二段第三句It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.（它受到書(shū)店和圖書(shū)館落寞的沖擊。），可知書(shū)店和圖書(shū)館沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系，也不是主要原因，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的東西更值得他們關(guān)注”：文章沒(méi)有提及，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.（這很難承認(rèn)，但我們都能感覺(jué)到：閱讀書(shū)籍正變得越來(lái)越困難。），接著在第三段第一句thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling（評(píng)論家DavidUlin承認(rèn)他有一種奇怪的感覺(jué)），這種感覺(jué)就是couldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread（再也無(wú)法在自己內(nèi)心找到閱讀所必需的安靜），綜合來(lái)看，C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在很難集中精力讀書(shū)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們傾向于視閱讀理所當(dāng)然”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating（在他的一生中，他把閱讀當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然的飲食），這是David的想法，而不是人們普遍的想法，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“人們的思想被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)侵占”：這在之前就提到，也不是這一段表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“DavidUlin的書(shū)給讀者一種奇怪的感覺(jué)”不符合文章內(nèi)容，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第三、四句Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.（喜愛(ài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)不會(huì)變成不合時(shí)宜地對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的繁榮進(jìn)行痛斥。但這就是“wired”這個(gè)詞既表示“連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，又表示“興奮、瘋狂、無(wú)法集中注意力”的原因。），這里的無(wú)法集中注意力指的是不能靜下來(lái)讀書(shū)，所以這里表達(dá)的是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓人不像以前那樣讀書(shū)多了，B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)紙質(zhì)書(shū)的消失負(fù)有部分責(zé)任”正確，人們不會(huì)因?yàn)槠渌蚨饣ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)本身，所以A選項(xiàng)“人們總是誤解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的功能”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“人們稱互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為‘連線世界’是有原因的”：不是這里要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，并且這是對(duì)原文的重述，不屬于推斷，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將取代紙質(zhì)書(shū)的功能”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

35.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章提到的越來(lái)越多的誘惑讓人不能集中注意力來(lái)看書(shū)，人們的思維空間被其他的東西占滿而騰不出空間看書(shū)，可知C選項(xiàng)“紙質(zhì)書(shū)正面臨被其他東西取代的極端危險(xiǎn)”符合文章意思，所以正確。A選項(xiàng)“真正的閱讀者可以在各種環(huán)境中保持閱讀，包括嘈雜的環(huán)境”：根據(jù)第四段Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother…That’sgettinghardertofind.（如果你在房間的另一邊用筆記本電腦砰砰地讀一本書(shū)，這就像你在一個(gè)派對(duì)上看書(shū)，每個(gè)人都在互相大喊大叫……這越來(lái)越難找了）文章說(shuō)到因?yàn)檎T惑太多越來(lái)越難集中注意力讀書(shū)，沒(méi)有說(shuō)到真正的閱讀者是怎樣的，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)該被嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)危害紙質(zhì)書(shū)”：根據(jù)第五段No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb…Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.（不，別誤會(huì)我。我熱愛(ài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)……這不會(huì)變成不合時(shí)宜地對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的繁榮的痛斥。），可知作者不認(rèn)為要譴責(zé)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“閱讀書(shū)籍不符合日益增長(zhǎng)的娛樂(lè)需求”：根據(jù)第六段第二句Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.（新發(fā)明越能滿足娛樂(lè)和主流教育的需求，書(shū)就越能恢復(fù)其地位和權(quán)威。），可知娛樂(lè)得到滿足對(duì)書(shū)籍發(fā)展有利，與文章意思不符，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

SectionA:EnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

AllthesignsarethatBritainiscavinginonthethreeissuesinthefirstphaseoftheBrexit(BritishexitEU)talks.TheresaMaywastoldshehadtoyieldbynextweektopersuadetheEuropeanUnionsummitonDecember14th-15thtoagreethattherehadbeensufficientprogresstobegintalksontransitionandafuturetradeframework.TheprimeministerhasdulymadebigconcessionsontherightsofEUcitizensinBritainandontheexitbill,perhapsenoughtopassthetest.Thereevenseemstobesomemovementonthetrickiestissueofall,howtoavoidahardborderbetweenNorthernIrelandandtheRepublic,makingaDecemberdealmorelikely—butstillnotcertain.

(36)Yetbehindthegoodnewlurksapersistentanddangerousthreat.ThemorethatMrs.Mayyields,themoresomeBrexiteersarguethatBritainshouldleaveonMarch29th2019withoutanydealatall.Evenifshewinsagreementtomovetophasetwoofthetalks,thelureofnodealwillnotdisappear.Brexiteershatetheconcessionsthatarebeingmadeinphaseone,especiallyovermoney.Andtradebuffsareunitedinpredictingthatthephasetwocouldproveevenmorepainful,withtheEUstickingto