住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘受流行趨勢(shì)的影響，作者做什么？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服裝的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，無論好壞，我都在節(jié)食?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“不得不節(jié)食”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘在作者看來，現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是什么？’根據(jù)第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有錢也不能太瘦。這句話經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是已故溫莎公爵夫人說的，它體現(xiàn)了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的許多古怪精神。苗條被認(rèn)為是一種美德。”以及根據(jù)第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情況正好相反。我們已經(jīng)把瘦變成了美德的新標(biāo)志?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是B選項(xiàng)“苗條被認(rèn)為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘人類歷史上人們對(duì)體重的看法？’根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教團(tuán)體中，財(cái)富是救贖和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖則是財(cái)富和幸福的象征?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“與他們的宗教信仰密切相關(guān)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對(duì)那些專注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在許多情況下，肥胖與增加心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)息息相關(guān)。不過除了超重，這些疾病也同樣與我們的生活方式及高脂肪飲食習(xí)慣有很大關(guān)系?；枷到y(tǒng)癌癥的相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能更主要是飲食而非體重問題——食物高脂肪低纖維?！币约白詈笠欢沃小癐tisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人認(rèn)為他們自然而然就可保持健康，從而不注意總體生活方式，實(shí)際上會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)?！笨芍髡咛岢龇逝?、生活方式與疾病的關(guān)系，確定D選項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者從什么方面批評(píng)了女性對(duì)瘦身的癡迷？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些變瘦的人(或已經(jīng)變瘦的人)認(rèn)為他們天生就健康，因此不關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式，這實(shí)際上是危險(xiǎn)的。瘦可以是純粹的虛榮?！贝_定作者從健康方面和虛榮心方面批評(píng)了女性對(duì)瘦身的癡迷，B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone'sparents.CalledtheMaintenanceofParentsBill,itreceivedthebackingoftheSingaporeGovernment.

Thatdoesnotmeanithasn'tgenerateddiscussion.SeveralmembersoftheParliamentopposedthemeasureasun-Asian.Otherswhoacknowledgedtheproblemoftheelderlypoorbelieveditisaproportionateresponse.Stillothersbelieveitwillsubvertrelationswithinthefamily:cynicsdubbeditthe“SueYourSon”law.

Thosewhosaythatthebilldoesnotpromotefilialresponsibility,ofcourse,areright.Ithasnothingtodowithfilialresponsibility.Itkicksinwherefilialresponsibilityfails.Thelawcannotlegislatefilialresponsibilityanymorethanitcanlegislatelove.Allthelawcandoistoprovideasafetynetwherethismoralityprovesinsufficient.Singaporeneedsthisbillnottoreplacemorality,buttoprovideincentivestoshoreitup.

Likemanyotherdevelopednations,Singaporefacestheproblemsofanincreasingproportionofpeopleover60yearsofage.Demographyisinexorable.In1980,7.2%ofthepopulationwasinthisbracket.Attheturnofthecenturythatfiguregrewto11%.By2030,theproportionisprojectedtobe26%.Theproblemisnotoldageperse.Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.

Butnoamountofgovernmentexhortationorpaternalismwillcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficientmeanstomakeendsmeet.Somepeoplewillfallthroughtheholesinanysafetynet.

Traditionally,aperson’sinsuranceagainstpovertyinhisoldagewashisfamily.Thisisnotarevolutionaryconcept.NorisituniquelyAsian.Careandsupportforone’sparentsisauniversalvaluesharedbyallcivilizedsocieties.

TheprobleminSingaporeisthatthemoralobligationtolookafterone’sparentsisunenforceable.Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.Ahusbandcanbeforcedtosupporthiswife.But,untilnow,asonordaughterhadnolegalobligationtosupporthisorherparents.

In1989,anAdvisoryCouncilwassetuptolookintotheproblemsoftheaged.Itsreportstatedwithatingeofcomplacencythat95%ofthosewhodidnothavetheirownincomewerereceivingcashcontributionsfromrelations.Butwhataboutthe5%whoaren'tgettingrelatives'support?Theyhaveseveraloptions:(a)getajobandworkuntiltheydie;(b)applyforpublicassistance(youhavetobedestitutetoapply);or(c)starvequietly.Noneoftheseoptionsissociallyacceptable.Andwhatifthis5%figuregrows,asitislikelytodo,associetyages?

TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.Thislegislationwillallowapersontoapplytothecourtformaintenancefromanyorallofhischildren.Thecourtwouldhavethediscretiontorefusetomakeanorderifitis

unjust.

Thosewhoderidetheproposalforopeningupthecourtstofamilylawsuitsmissthepoint.Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw:thebill’seffectwouldbefarmoresubtle.

1.TheMaintenanceofParentsBill（

）.

2.Byquotingthegrowingpercentagepointsoftheagedinthepopulation,theauthorseemstoimplythat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthattraditionalvalues

（

）.

5.TheauthorthinksthatiftheBillbecomeslaw,itseffectwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.receivedunanimoussupportintileSingaporeParliament

B.wasbelievedtosolvealltheproblemsoftheelderlypoor

C.wasintendedtosubstitutefortraditionalvaluesinSingapore

D.waspassedtomaketheyoungmoreresponsibletotheold

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecountrywillfacemountingproblemsoftheoldinfuture

B.thesocialwelfaresystemwouldbeundergreatpressure

C.youngpeopleshouldbegivenmoremoraleducation

D.theoldshouldbeprovidedwithmeansoflivelihood

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.FilialresponsibilityinSingaporeisenforcedbylaw.

B.Fathershavelegalobligationstolookaftertheirchildren.

C.Itisanacceptablepracticefortheoldtocontinueworking.

D.TheAdvisoryCouncilwasdissatisfiedwiththeproblemsoftheold.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.playaninsignificantroleinsolvingsocialproblems

B.arehelpfultotheelderlywhentheysuetheirchildren

C.areveryimportantinpreservingAsianuniqueness

D.aresignificantinhelpingtheBillgetapproved

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.indirect

B.unnoticed

C.apparent

D.contradictory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)本文第一句內(nèi)容"ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone’sparents.”可知雖說新法受到了新加坡政府的支持，但是在第二段中說了議會(huì)中有些成員反對(duì)此法，所以A選項(xiàng)‘得到了新加坡議會(huì)的一致支持’錯(cuò)誤。作者雖然介紹了此法的一些作用，但并沒有說新法將會(huì)解決貧窮老人所有的問題，所以B選項(xiàng)‘被認(rèn)為是解決所有貧困老人的問題’錯(cuò)誤。由本文倒數(shù)第二段看出新法不僅不會(huì)取代新加坡的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀，反而會(huì)在保持傳統(tǒng)美德方面起重要作用，所以C選項(xiàng)‘是為了取代新加坡的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀’錯(cuò)誤。運(yùn)用排除法確定只有D選項(xiàng)“新法能讓年輕人對(duì)自己的父母更負(fù)責(zé)任”正確。

2.推理判斷題。作者通過新加坡老齡人口比率的迅速增長(zhǎng)來暗示這個(gè)國(guó)家將會(huì)面臨很多由人口老齡化帶來的問題。而第四段最后一句“Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.經(jīng)濟(jì)活躍人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)不活躍人口的比例將會(huì)下降?！北砻鲉栴}已經(jīng)是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的問題了，所以A選項(xiàng)‘這個(gè)國(guó)家未來將面臨越來越多的老年人問題’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)本文第七段第二句內(nèi)容“Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.法律可以強(qiáng)迫父親撫養(yǎng)孩子?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)‘父親有照顧孩子的法律義務(wù)。’正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)本文倒數(shù)第二段第一句話“TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.《贍養(yǎng)父母法案》的提出是為了鼓勵(lì)傳統(tǒng)美德，這些美德迄今使亞洲國(guó)家避免了其他富裕社會(huì)所遭遇的一些崩潰?！贝_定作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)美德會(huì)保持亞洲的獨(dú)特性，所以C選項(xiàng)‘保持亞洲的獨(dú)特性很重要’正確。

5.推理判斷題。題目的意思是‘作者認(rèn)為，如果該法案成為法律，其效果將是….’文章最后說“Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.只有在極端情況下，父母才會(huì)把孩子告上法庭?！痹诮酉聛淼膸锥卫?，作者講到贍養(yǎng)父母是個(gè)人的責(zé)任，并非社會(huì)的責(zé)任。而有些人礙于情面，不得不重新考慮贍養(yǎng)父母的問題。因此該議案起到了間接的作用。A選項(xiàng)‘間接的’正確。B選項(xiàng)unnoticed表示“被忽視的”；C選項(xiàng)apparent表示“明顯的”；D選項(xiàng)contradictory表示“矛盾的”。

3.翻譯題

中國(guó)有許多不同的宗教，如外來的佛教、基督教和伊斯蘭教，以及本土的道教。寺廟是中國(guó)人為尊重佛教，對(duì)佛教建筑的新稱呼。它是我國(guó)悠久歷史文化的象征，也是寶貴的藝術(shù)珍品。寺廟文化完整地保存了我國(guó)各個(gè)朝代的歷史文物，也滲透到國(guó)民生活的各個(gè)方面。各地一年一度的廟會(huì)不僅豐富了文化氛圍，也同時(shí)促進(jìn)了地方旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。

【答案】TherearemanydifferentreligionsinChina,suchasforeignBuddhism,Christianity,IslamandnativeTaoism.“Temple”，anewnameforBuddhistarchitecture,embodiesChinesepeople’srespectforBuddhism.ItisasymboloflonghistoryandcultureinChinaandalsopreciousarttreasures.ThetempleculturehascompletelypreservedthehistoricalrelicsofvariousdynastiesinChina,andhaspenetratedintoallaspectsofnationallife.TheannualtemplefairsinallpartsofChinanotonlyenrichtheculturalatmosphere,butalsopromotethedevelopmentoflocaltourism.

4.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyearsandwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionwhichhaveinterestedthemodemphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodemphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodemeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodemsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodemscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservationthesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodems;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodemispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticular,classoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmodemtimesis

（

）.

3.Thedifferencebetween“fact”andtheory”

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodemscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aninductivescience

B.nneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要是在對(duì)為什么從希臘文化頂峰時(shí)期后兩千年來歸納法和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)發(fā)展如此緩慢，而后的兩百年又超越了前人這一問題進(jìn)行科學(xué)探究，所以D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)探究的方法”適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?’’或去我們是否點(diǎn)當(dāng)把兩個(gè)階段的特點(diǎn)歸因于所謂的歷史的偶然性歸因于客觀環(huán)境結(jié)合的影響。這一點(diǎn)除非以指導(dǎo)一切的上帝的智慧和無限權(quán)利來解釋，否則難以說清楚?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)‘這是上帝的行為’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后三句“Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.”“事實(shí)是一個(gè)提議。而理論，若是真理論，就有事實(shí)的一切特性（除非其證實(shí)只能通過非直接的，遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實(shí)必須用簡(jiǎn)單的證實(shí)，理論因此具有事實(shí)的一切特性?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“后者需要證實(shí)”是事實(shí)和理論之間的區(qū)別。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences...”可以推斷出數(shù)學(xué)不是inductivescience，排除A選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)上一題可知需要簡(jiǎn)單證實(shí)的是理論，排除B選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)基于理論和事實(shí)”這一觀點(diǎn)沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)，排除；所以通過排除法得出C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Althoughthementalprocessthatcreatesafreshandoriginalpoemordramaisdoubtless（

）thatwhichoriginatesandelaboratesscientificdiscoveries,thereisclearlyadiscernibledifferencebetweenthecreators.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peripheralto

B.contiguouswith

C.inconsistentwith

D.analogousto

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)“次要的，不重要的”；B選項(xiàng)“接著的，相鄰的，鄰近的”；C選項(xiàng)“不一致，不協(xié)調(diào)”；D選項(xiàng)“類推為，類同為”，根據(jù)句首的although和句末的adiscernibledifference以及句子的整體意思‘盡管原創(chuàng)一首詩(shī)歌或一部戲劇的心理過程很可能與產(chǎn)生并詳細(xì)闡述科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的心理過程類似，但是在創(chuàng)造者之間顯然存在區(qū)別’可以推斷出答案選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該為D。

6.單選題

Allthepublicfacilitiesrequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythan,（

）throughtaxesalone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.raised

B.israised

C.toraise

D.raising

【答案】B

【解析】從句中的省略。分析句子意思‘如果我們想要所有的公共設(shè)施更好地我們服務(wù)，就需要不斷投入新的設(shè)備和進(jìn)行改善，所以單獨(dú)由稅收所籌集的錢是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的’和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，如果將此處還原成完整的句子應(yīng)為requiringmoremoneythanitisraisedthroughtaxedalone,從句中省略了主語(yǔ)it，B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Changesinresidenceandjobsplaceatremendous（1）ofstressandpressureonpeople

（2）

theytrytoadjustthemselvestonewpeopleandplaces.Yettransientrelationshipsarenot

（3）

onlytopeopleandplaces.Objectsmoveinandoutofourlivesatanastonishingrate.America,the“consumersociety”,hasalso

（4）

thename‘thethrowawaysociety”.Everyyearwethrowaway

（5）

quantitiesofbottles,cans,paper,andonandon.Buildingsaretom

（6）

aroundus,andnewonestaketheirplace,fortheyare

（7）

toreplacethantorepair.

（8）everymajorchange,ourplacesfeel

（9）

familiar.Ourlivesbecomefilledwithasenseofimpermanenceanduncertainty.

Therateatwhichnewandsometimescontradictoryinformationcomesatus

（10）

contributestoourfeelingsofinstabilityandtransience.It’sestimatedthat90percentofallscientistswhoeverlivedare

（11）

today.Newscientificdiscoveriesarebeingmadeeverydayoftheweek,（12）

unlikeinotherages,newideasarequicklyinpracticalways.The（13）

ofnewtechnologyonourlivesisfeltalmostimmediately.

Aswelook

（14）

onhistory,wethinkintermsoflargeperiodsoftime,fromthetenthousandyearsoftheagriculturalrevolutiontothethreehundredyearsoftheindustrial

（15）

.Todaytime

（16）

likeit'saccelerating.Wenolonger

（17）

tothinkofchangeintermsofcenturies

（18）

intermsof

（19）

:the1960s,1970sand1980s.Thedaymaycomewhenwethinkofgreat

（20）

ofhistoricalchangeintermsofyears,evenmonths.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.number

B.amount

C.sum

D.series

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.since

C.as

D.sothat

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.adapted

B.referred

C.applied

D.limited

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.earned

B.taken

C.given

D.called

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.credible

B.incredible

C.credulous

D.incredulous

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.up

C.off

D.down

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.faster

B.lighter

C.cheaper

D.better

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.By

C.With

D.Through

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.less

B.more

C.quite

D.too

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.even

B.ever

C.farther

D.further

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.alive

B.dead

C.long-lived

D.short-lived

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.but

C.for

D.or

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.result

B.force

C.influence

D.impression

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.down

B.round

C.out

D.back

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.date

B.age

C.time

D.day

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.feels

B.looks

C.should

D.would

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.manage

B.incline

C.tend

D.intend

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.butrather

B.orrather

C.wouldrather

D.ratherthan

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.pentathlons

B.decathlons

C.pentads

D.decades

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.deals

B.periods

C.times

D.portions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:D

第20題:D

【解析】（1）量詞用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)anumberof意為“大量的”，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；B選項(xiàng)aamountof意為“大量的”，后面可以跟不可數(shù)名詞；C選項(xiàng)asumof意為“總計(jì)，合計(jì)”；D選項(xiàng)aseriesof意為“一系列的”。空后的stressandpressure為不可數(shù)名詞所以B選項(xiàng)正確，atremendousamountof...數(shù)目非常巨大的。

（2）連詞用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)until表示“直到…”；B選項(xiàng)since通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中；C選項(xiàng)as一般引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示原因或者表示“正如，好像”；D選項(xiàng)sothat通常引導(dǎo)結(jié)果或目的狀語(yǔ)從句。本句句意為“居住地和工作地的改變給人們帶來了巨大的壓力因?yàn)樗麄円ψ屪约哼m應(yīng)新的人和新的環(huán)境。”根據(jù)句意確定是因果關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（3）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“適應(yīng)于”；B選項(xiàng)refer“參考，查閱”；C選項(xiàng)apply“應(yīng)用于”；D選項(xiàng)limit“限制，局限”。根據(jù)本句開頭的yet可知句意轉(zhuǎn)折，因此句意為“然而這種短暫的關(guān)系不僅僅對(duì)人和地方有限制”。D選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)earn“賺錢，掙得，獲得”；B選項(xiàng)take“攜帶”；C選項(xiàng)give“給予”；D選項(xiàng)call“呼叫”。本句句意為“美國(guó)，又稱‘消費(fèi)合作社’，也獲得一個(gè)名字叫做‘東西用過就扔的社會(huì)’?！盇選項(xiàng)正確。

（5）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)credible“可靠的，可信的”；B選項(xiàng)incredible“不可靠的，不可信的”；C選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的”;D選項(xiàng)incredulous“懷疑的，不輕信的”。句意為“每年我們都扔掉難以置信的數(shù)量的瓶子、罐子、紙等等”。根據(jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是數(shù)量大得驚人，讓人難以置信，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（6）固定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。torn是tear的過去分詞，A選項(xiàng)tearaway“疾馳”；B選項(xiàng)tearup“撕毀，撕碎”；C選項(xiàng)tearoff“撕下，撕掉”；D選項(xiàng)teardown“拆卸，撕毀”。本句是指很多建筑物被拆掉然后新的又重新建起，強(qiáng)調(diào)拆建筑物，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（7）形容詞比較級(jí)辨析。A選項(xiàng)faster“更快”；B選項(xiàng)lighter“更輕”；C選項(xiàng)cheaper“更便宜，更廉價(jià)”；D選項(xiàng)better“更好”。句意“我們周圍的建筑物被拆掉，然后新的建筑物又在原地重建，因?yàn)樗鼈儽绕鹬匦?，重建更好些?！盌選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）介詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”；B選項(xiàng)by“通過，被……”；C選項(xiàng)with“伴隨，有…”；D選項(xiàng)through“通過”。句意為“隨著每一個(gè)主要的變化，我們的地方變得不再熟悉了?！盋項(xiàng)選表示伴隨正確。

（9）副詞比較級(jí)辨析。A選項(xiàng)less“更少”;B選項(xiàng)more“更多”;C選項(xiàng)quite“相當(dāng)，很”；D選項(xiàng)too“也”。句意為“隨著每一個(gè)主要的變化，我們的地方變得不再熟悉了?！币簿褪钦f，隨著周圍的不斷變化，熟悉感就會(huì)越來越少，A選項(xiàng)less表示更少正確。

（10）副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)even“甚至”；B選項(xiàng)ever“曾經(jīng)”，多用于完成時(shí)態(tài)；C選項(xiàng)farther“更遠(yuǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)further“更深一層”。本句句意為“新的有時(shí)候也充滿矛盾的信息不斷涌向我們的頻率更加深了我們的不穩(wěn)定感和無常感。”此處強(qiáng)調(diào)程度深，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（11）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)alive“活著的，活潑的，有生氣的”；B選項(xiàng)dead“無生命的，呆板的”；C選項(xiàng)long-lived“長(zhǎng)命的，歷時(shí)長(zhǎng)久的”;D選項(xiàng)short-lived“短命的”。句意為“據(jù)報(bào)道所有的科學(xué)家中有90%壽命很短。”D選項(xiàng)正確。

（12）連詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)so表示因果關(guān)系；B選項(xiàng)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；C選項(xiàng)for表示因果關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)or表示選擇關(guān)系以及“否則”的意思。本句句意為“新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)每周每天都在創(chuàng)造，但是不像在其他時(shí)代一樣，新的想法很快就付諸實(shí)踐了?！鼻昂缶湟廪D(zhuǎn)折，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（13）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)result“結(jié)果”；B選項(xiàng)force“力量”；C選項(xiàng)influence“影響”；D選項(xiàng)impression“效果，印象，印記，感想”。句意為“我們生活中的新科技的影響幾乎立刻就能感知到?！盋選項(xiàng)正確。

（14）固定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與look搭配意為：A選項(xiàng)lookdown“輕視”；B選項(xiàng)lookround“環(huán)顧四周”；C選項(xiàng)lookout“小心，向外看”;D選項(xiàng)lookbackon“回顧，回憶”。句意“隨著我們回顧歷史……”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（15）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)date“日期”；age“年代，年齡”；C選項(xiàng)time“時(shí)間，時(shí)代”；D選項(xiàng)day“天，每天”。此處與空前的theagriculturalrevolution“農(nóng)業(yè)改革”相對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是“工業(yè)時(shí)代”，“theindustrialage”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（16）動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)feels“感覺”；B選項(xiàng)looks“看”，與like搭配意為“看起來像”；C選項(xiàng)should“應(yīng)該”;D選項(xiàng)would“想要”。句意為“當(dāng)今時(shí)代看起來好像是加速的”。B選項(xiàng)正確。

（17）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)manage“管理，控制”；B選項(xiàng)incline“使傾斜，傾斜于”；C選項(xiàng)tend“傾向”；D選項(xiàng)intend“打算，有打算”。本句句意為“我們不再傾向于從世紀(jì)的角度思考改變了而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代，20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度?！眛endtodosth.意為“傾向于做某事”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（18）固定搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)butrather“而是，而寧可說是"；B選項(xiàng)orrather“更精確地說，不如說”；C選項(xiàng)wouldrather“寧愿”；D選項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是”。句意“…而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代，20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度。”可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

（19）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)pentathlon“五項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)”；decathlons“十項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)”;C選項(xiàng)pentad“五個(gè)一組”；D選項(xiàng)decades“十年”。根據(jù)句意“我們不再傾向于從世紀(jì)的角度思考改變了而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代，20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度?！币约翱蘸蟮膖he1960s，1970s以及1980s的舉例可知這里是和年代有關(guān)的，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（20）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deals“交易，協(xié)議”；B選項(xiàng)periods“時(shí)期”；C選項(xiàng)times“時(shí)代”;D選項(xiàng)portions“部分”。句意為“以后的日子里我們可能需要根據(jù)幾年甚至幾個(gè)月來考慮歷史的變化的問題?！备鶕?jù)句意確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen'ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefenseswhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen'sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehavior:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople'ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

1.Thephra