ERP原理和SAPERP復習1、名詞Client:hardware/softwareenvironmentthatcanmakearequestforservicesforacentralrepositoryofresourcesCompanyCode:anindependentaccountingunit.BalancesheetsandProfit&LossStatements,requiredbylaw,arecreatedatthecompanycodelevel.Plant:LowestvaluationareaOrganizationallevelwhereMaterialRequirements(MRP)runsGenerallyusedtodescribeaproductionsite,adistributioncenterorcentralizedwarehouseMaybeaphysicalorlogicalunitDivision:RepresentaproductlineShippingAfixedlocationwithinaplantthatcarriesoutshippingactivitiesStorageLocatinStoragelocationisasub-divisionofaPlantwhereinventoryismanaged.Inquiry:acustomer’srequesttoacompanyforinformationorquotationinrespecttotheirproductsorserviceswithoutobligationtopurchase.Quotation:presentsthecustomerwithalegallybindingoffertodeliverspecificproductsoraselectionofacertainamountofproductsinaspecifiedtimeframeatapre-definedprice.Tolerances:Atolerancelimitissetforallowedvariancebeforeawarning/errormessageisdisplayedRFQ:RequestforQuotationREQisaninvitationtoavendorbyaPurchasingOrganizationtosubmitabidforthesupplyofmaterialsorservicesBOM:物料清單（BillofMaterial）---列出某一產(chǎn)品的所有構(gòu)成項目以及他們之間的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。SOP:銷售運營計劃FlexibleforecastingandplanningtoolUsuallyconsistsofthreesteps:SalesPlan2.ProductionPlan3.RoughCutCapacityPlanPlannedatanaggregatelevelintimebucketsWorkCenters:Alocationwithinaplantwherevalue-addedwork(operationsoractivities)areperformedMPS:MasterProductionScheduling,allowsacompanytodistinguishplanningmethodsbetweenmaterialsthathaveastronginfluenceonprofitorusecriticalresourcesandthosethatdonot2、討論ERPMRPII的對比分析ERPMRPII等管理思想，功能覆蓋企業(yè)全業(yè)務(wù)，并系統(tǒng)。MRPII：內(nèi)容---以物料需求計劃為中心的企業(yè)生產(chǎn)管理計劃，以工業(yè)工程的計劃與控制---基于企業(yè)的經(jīng)營目標制定生---/采購作業(yè)計劃。SAPBusinessSuite的產(chǎn)品組成SD：銷售與分銷MM：物料管理PP：生產(chǎn)計劃QM：質(zhì)量管理PM：維護及檢測HR：人力資源IS：特殊行業(yè)應用WF：工作流程PS：專案管理AM：固定資產(chǎn)CO：成本控制FI：資金流SAPERPCoreApplications的模塊LogisticsSales&DistributionPlantMaintenanceMaterialsManagementProductionPlanningQualityManagementAccountingFinancialAccountingControllingAssetManagementTreasuryHumanResourcesPersonnelManagementBenefitsPayrollSAPERP系統(tǒng)登錄步驟接著輸入不能被別人知道的賬號和密碼。Client：350Password：******[welcome1]SAPERP的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)GUIGraphicalUserInterfaceorWebInterfaceApplicationServerOneormore,helpdistributeworkloadDatabaseServerOnesingledatarepositorySAPERP的主要模塊及其功能SAPsession同時可以打開的最大數(shù)目:6個SapSystemMessages的三種提示信息OrganizationalUnits:DistributionChannelSalesorganizationDistributionChannel1DistributionChannel2OrganizationalUnits:DistributionChannelSalesorganizationDistributionChannel1DistributionChannel2IsameansthroughwhichsalesmaterialsreachthecustomerRepresentsyourstrategiestodistributegoodsand/orservicesyourcustomerForexample:wholesaletrade,retailtrade,internettrade,...SAPERP系統(tǒng)中一個企業(yè)模型的結(jié)構(gòu)1,Companycode2,SalesArea3,Plant4,StorageLocation5,ShippingPointSD模塊的主要步驟PresalesactivitiesSalesorderprocessingInventorysourcingShippingBillingSDCustomerMasterDataMaterialMasterDataSalesConditionDataSD模塊的輸出方式有哪些QuotationConfirmationInvoiceSDMM模塊的關(guān)系MMContainsalltheinformationacompanyneedstomanageaboutamaterial.SoSDWillusetheinformationintheMM,MMis“Buy”.SDis“Sell”SDneedselltheMaterialswhichbuyinMMprocess簡述銷售訂單的處理流程(salesorderprocess)Pre-salesActivitiesSalesOrderEntryCheckAvailabilityPickMaterialsPackMaterialsPostGoodsIssueInvoiceCustomersReceiptofCustomerPaymentDeliveryScheduling處理中的兩種時間推導方式PurchasingOrganizationPurchasingGroup的區(qū)分PurchasingOrganizationOrganizationunitresponsibleforprocuringservices andmaterialsNegotiatesconditionsofthepurchasewiththevendorsPurchasingGroupBuyerorgroupofbuyerswhoareresponsibleforcertainpurchasingactivitiesChannelofcommunicationforvendorsMM模塊涉及到的主數(shù)據(jù)有哪些VendorMasterDataMaterialMasterDataPurchasingInfoRecordConditionMasterDataOutputMasterDataSAP中“TheIntheBusinessProcessIntegrationclassweusethestoolasametaphorfortheSAPstructure.TherearefourbasiccomponentsneededtorunexecuteSAP.Threeofthesearethelegsofthestool:orgdata,masterdata,andrules.These‘holdup’thetransactions.Transactionscannotberununlessthesearesetup.Thelegsaretypicallyconfiguredduringtheimplementationprocess.DuringBPI1wewillsetupthestoolforFinance,MaterialsmanagementandSalesandDistribution.Tolerances是什么，常用的有哪些，舉例說明NowearliercreatedtolerancesinaccountingforAR/APNowwewillhavesomematerialtolerancesTolerancescanbesetatthemateriallevelorthevendorinforecordlevel.Thisallowsforthetailoringoftolerancesasneeded.IntheCustomizingsystemforInventoryManagement,youcandefinetwotolerancesforvariancesintheorderpricequantity:Toleranceforanerrormessage:ifthevarianceislargerthanthistolerancespecified,thesystemissuesanerrormessage,andyoucannotpostthegoodsreceipt.Toleranceforawarningmessage:ifthevariancereachesthistolerancespecified,thesystemissuesawarningmessageduringentryofthegoodsreceipt.However,you canstillpostthegoodsreceipt.Thebuyerreceivesamessagepointingoutthediscrepancy.常見舉例：PurchasingTolerances GoodsReceiptsTolerances InvoiceReceiptsTolerances21.簡述ProcurementProcess的工作流程PurchaseRequisition/VendorSelection/PurchaseOrder/NotifyVendor/VendorShipment/GoodsReceipt/InvoiceReceipt/PaymenttoVendorPPMaterialsBillofMaterials(BOM)RoutingsWorkCentersCostCentersProductGroupsBOM有哪幾種結(jié)構(gòu)Single-LevelMulti-LevelRoutings是什么，其主要作用是什么？（---計算成本之用。在工藝流程的基礎(chǔ)上定義物料清單（狹義的BOM)，由于物料成本信息的帶入，加上工作中心所附成本費率和工時等信息，組成了BOM（制造清單）的資金信息…Routingsenableyoutoplantheproductionofmaterials(products).RoutingsareusedasatemplateforproductionordersandrunschedulesRoutingarealsousedasabasisforproductcosting.Seriesofsequentialsteps(operations)thatmustbecarriedouttoproduceagivenproductPP模塊的主要流程SalesForecastingStartingInventorySalesandOperationPlanningDemandManagementDetailedscheduling2)MRPPurchasingPPOrders形式PlannedOrder(planning)Arequestcreatedintheplanningrunforamaterialinthefuture(convertstoeitheraproductionorpurchaseorder)ProductionOrder(execution)Arequestorinstructioninternallytoproduceaspecificproductataspecifictime3.PurchaseOrder(execution)ArequestorinstructiontoavendorforamaterialorserviceataspecifictimeFI中三種標準報告Standardreportsinclude:BalanceSheetPresentationofanorganization’sAssets,Liabilities,andEquityatapointintimeIncomeStatementPresentationofanorganization’sRevenuesandExpensesforagivenperiodoftime(e.g.,monthly,quarterly,oryearly)StatementofCashFlowsConsiderstheassociatedchanges,bothinflowsandoutflows,thathaveoccurredincash–arguablythemostimportantofallassets–overagivenperiodoftime(e.g.,monthly,quarterly,orannually)FI中的財務(wù)平衡準則是什么Balancedsetofbooks,asrequiredbylaw,arepreparedatthislevelRevenues,inasimplesense,areinflowsofcashasaresultofsellingactivitiesorthedisposalofcompanyassetsExpenses,inasimplesense,areoutflowsofcashorthecreationofliabilitiestosupportcompanyoperationsRevenues-Expenses=NetIncome1.Assets:Whatthecompanyowns2.Liabilities:Whatthecompanyowes3.Equity:ThedifferencebetweenAssetsandLiabilitiesAssets=Liabilities+EquityFI中財務(wù)文件的編制原則是什么EachbusinesstransactionimpactingFIwritesdatatotheSAPdatabasecreatingauniquelynumberedelectronicdocumentThedocumentnumbercanbeusedtorecallthetransacti