Student:ShamsiyaMentor:MaynurFromOncologydepartmentCervicalCancer宮頸癌Student:ShamsiyaMentor:Maynur

FromOncologydepartmentCervixLowerpartoftheuterusConnectsthebodyoftheuterustothevagina(birthcanal)Source:AmericanCancerSocietyStatistics10,520

newcasesintheU.S.thisyear3,900

willdie50%arediagnosedbetweenages35and55.20%attheageof65orover.Rarelyoccursinwomenyoungerthan20Noninvasiveisfourtimesmorecommon74%decreaseindeathsbetween1955and1992intheU.S.Deathratecontinuoustodeclineby2%ayearSource:AmericanCancerSocietyCervicalCancerBeginsintheliningofthecervixCellschangefromnormaltopre-cancer(dysplasia)andthentocancerRiskFactorsHumanpapillomavirusinfection(HPV)–PrimaryfactorHPV16,HPV18,HPV31,HPV33,HPV4550%arecausedbyHPV16AND18SexualbehaviorSmokingHIVinfectionChlamydiainfectionDietOralcontraceptivesMultiplepregnanciesLowsocioeconomicstatusDiethylstilbestrol(DES)FamilyhistorySource:AmericanCancerSocietySignsandSymptomsVaginalbleedingMenstrualbleedingislongerandheavierthanusualBleedingaftermenopauseorincreasedvaginaldischargeBleedingfollowingintercourseorpelvicexamPainduringintercourseSource:AmericanCancerSocietyDiagnosisCervicalCytology(PapTest)Cellsareremovedfromthecervixandexaminedunderthemicroscope.CandetectepithelialcellabnormalitiesAtypicalsquamouscellsSquamousintraepitheliallesionsSquamouscellcarcinoma(likelytobeinvasive)Source:AmericanCancerSocietyStagingFIGOSystem(InternationalFederationOfGynecologyandObstetrics)Hasfivestages–0to4Stage0CarcinomainsituStage1Invadedcervix,buthasnotspread.Stage2Hasspreadtonearbyareas,notleavingpelvicarea.Stage3Cancerhasspreadtothelowerpartofthevagina.Stage4Cancerhasspreadtonearbyorgans;metastasis.Source:AmericanCancerSocietyTreatmentSurgeryPreinvasivecervicalcancerCryosurgeryLasersurgeryConizationInvasivecervicalcancerSimplehysterectomyRemovalofthebodyoftheuterusandcervix.RadicalhysterectomyandpelviclymphnodedissectionRemovalofentireuterus,surroundingtissue,upperpartofthevagina,