戴氏教育雅頌居校區(qū) 高三英語(yǔ)作文模板授課教師：胡老師PAGEPAGE4高中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比照講篇知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：一、不定式與動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)：1、動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)往往表示普通的、一般的行為，不定式做主語(yǔ)常表示某次具體的行為。例如：Collectinginformationaboutchildren’shealthishisjob.收集有關(guān)兒童健康的信息是他的工作。It’snecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.與一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主語(yǔ)的句型有：〔1〕It’sdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo〔2〕It’skind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo.3、常用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)的句型有：It’snogood(use,fun)doing.It’s(a)wasteoftimeone’sdoing.It’sworthwhiledoing.二、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞做表語(yǔ)：1、不定式做表語(yǔ)常表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Histeachingaimofthisclassistotrainthestudents’speakingability.他這節(jié)課的教學(xué)目的是要訓(xùn)練學(xué)生說(shuō)的能力。2、動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的解釋?zhuān)@時(shí)主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)位置可以互換，動(dòng)名詞常用于口語(yǔ)中。Itsfull-timejobislayingeggs.它的〔指蟻后〕的專(zhuān)職工作是產(chǎn)卵。3、現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)與特征；進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Thetaskofthisclassispractisingtheidioms.〔現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)〕Withthehelpoftheteacher,thestudentsarepractisingtheidioms.〔現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)〕4、常用作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞有：interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting,inspiring,following等?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行與主動(dòng)。Thejokeisamusing.這笑話很逗人。Theproblemispuzzling.這個(gè)問(wèn)題令人不解。5、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所處的被動(dòng)狀態(tài)或完成某動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)。而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作。Thevillageissurroundedbyhighmountains.〔過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)〕TheenemywassurroundedbytheRedArmy.〔被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)〕Heiswelleducated.〔過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)〕Hehasbeeneducatedinthiscollegeforthreeyears.〔被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)〕常用在句中做表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有：used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected等。6、注意如下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞用法不同：interest〔使…感興趣〕，surprise〔使…吃驚〕，frighten〔使…害怕〕，excite〔使…興奮〕，tire〔使…疲勞〕，please〔使…滿意〕，puzzle〔使…迷惑不解〕，satisfy〔使…滿意〕，amuse〔使…娛樂(lè)〕，disappoint〔使…失望〕，inspire〔使…歡欣鼓舞〕，worry〔使…憂慮〕它們的現(xiàn)在分詞常修飾物〔有時(shí)修飾人〕，表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞常修飾人，表示被動(dòng)〔包括某人的look、voice等〕。例如：Climbingistiring.爬山很累人。Theyareverytired.他們很疲勞三、不定式與動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)：1、以下動(dòng)詞跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,pretend,care,decide,happen,long,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,cause,afford,beg,manage,agree,promise等。2、在以下動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,appreciate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,can’thelp,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston等。3、在forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean等動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與動(dòng)名詞意義不同，不定式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后的動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式havingdone.Heforgottotellmetoposttheletter.〔他忘了叫我發(fā)信?！矷shallneverforgetfindingthatrarestamponanordinaryenvelope.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了在一個(gè)普通信封上發(fā)現(xiàn)了那枚珍貴的郵票。Remembertowritetouswhenyougetthere.到那里，記得給我們寫(xiě)信。Idon’tremembermeetinghim.我不記得見(jiàn)過(guò)他。IregrettotellyouthatIcan’tgotoyourbirth-dayparty.我很遺憾告訴你我不能去參加你的生日晚會(huì)了。Theyregrettedagreeingtotheplan.他們懊悔同意這個(gè)方案。Hetriedtopretendtoshareinthepleasurewithhisfriend.他盡力假裝與朋友分享歡樂(lè)。Shetriedreadinganovel,butthatcouldn’tmakeherforgethersorrow.她試著看看小說(shuō)，但也不能使她忘記傷心事。Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.我沒(méi)有企圖傷害你。Afriendindeedmeanshelpingothersfornothinginreturn.真正的朋友意指不圖回報(bào)地幫助別人。4、動(dòng)名詞作need,want,require,beworth的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。Thewashing-machineneedsrepairing.〔或用：needstoberepaired〕這臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)需要修理。Thepointwantsreferringto.這一點(diǎn)要提到。ThisEnglishnovelisworthreading.這本英文小說(shuō)值得一讀。ThesituationinRussianrequiredstudying.俄國(guó)形式需要研究。四、不定式與分詞在句中做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：1、以下動(dòng)詞后跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：ask,tell,beg,allow,want,like,hate,force,invite,persuade,advise,order,cause,encourage,waitfor,callon,permit,forbidThedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.醫(yī)生囑咐他再臥床休息幾天。Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.我們希望他留下來(lái)接受這個(gè)職位?！沧⒁鈎ope后不跟不定式做賓補(bǔ)?！?、有些動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)用不帶“to“的不定式，這些動(dòng)詞有：see,watch,notice,hear,feel,make,let,have等。例如：Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.我們留意到他進(jìn)了那所房子。Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.老板讓他們一天干12小時(shí)工作。注意當(dāng)make、have不做“迫使、讓〞講，而做“制造、有〞解時(shí)，跟帶有to的不定式做狀語(yǔ)。Mothermadeacaketocelebratehisbirthday.媽媽做了一個(gè)蛋糕給他慶賀生日。Hehadameetingtoattend.他有個(gè)會(huì)要開(kāi)。3、以下動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)用分詞做賓補(bǔ)：see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,make,set,have,leave,keep,find等。用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)，要看分詞與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。例：Weheardhimsingingthesongwhenwecamein.當(dāng)我們進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他正唱那首歌。Wehaveheardthesongsungtwice.我們聽(tīng)過(guò)這首歌唱過(guò)兩遍了。五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)：1、不定式做定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去的某一特定動(dòng)作。例如：Hehadnohousetoliveinbutalotofworktodo.他沒(méi)有房子住卻有好多活要干。Ourmonitoristhefirsttoarrive.我們班長(zhǎng)是第一個(gè)到的。2、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的用途；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，表示所修飾名詞進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。awalkingstick拐杖〔動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)，意為astickforwalking〕asleepingcar臥鋪車(chē)廂〔動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)，意為acarforsleeping〕therisingsun正在升起的太陽(yáng)〔現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，意為thesunwhichwasrising〕thechangingworld變化中的世界〔現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，意為theworldwhichischanging〕3、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)表示完成或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：apieceofdisappointingnews使人失望的消息〔意同apieceofnewswhichdisappointedus〕inthefollowingyears在后來(lái)的幾年中〔意同intheyearsthatfollowed〕awelldressedwoman衣著講究的女士〔意同awomanwhoisdressedwell〕acarparkedatthegate停在門(mén)口的小汽車(chē)〔意同acarwhichwasparkedatthegate〕六、不定式與分詞做狀語(yǔ)：1、不定式做狀語(yǔ)，只表示目的、結(jié)果或原因：Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.他匆忙趕到家中，發(fā)現(xiàn)錢(qián)被盜了。〔結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)〕Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice.為了被聽(tīng)清楚，他提高了嗓門(mén)?！材康臓钫Z(yǔ)〕Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.看到他的進(jìn)步，我們都很吃驚。(原因狀語(yǔ))2、分詞做狀語(yǔ)可表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、讓步、方式：Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownisbeautiful.從山上看，這座城市很美?！矖l件狀語(yǔ)〕Comingintotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.當(dāng)走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)父親生氣了?！矔r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)〕Beingtired,theywentonworking.雖然累了，但他們繼續(xù)工作?！沧尣綘钫Z(yǔ)〕Havingbeenhitbythebigboyonthenose,thelittleboybegantocry.由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那個(gè)小男孩哭了?！苍驙钫Z(yǔ)〕Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,lookingratherpleased.他把一個(gè)手指放進(jìn)嘴里，嘗了嘗，笑了，看起來(lái)挺快樂(lè)?！舶殡S狀語(yǔ)〕接不定式或動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)都可以，但在意思上有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞的用法meantodo想要(做某事)proposetodo打算(做某事)meandoing意味(做某事)proposedoing建議(做某事)forgettodo忘記(要做的事)remembertodo記得(要做某事)forgetdoing忘記(已做的事)rememberdoing記得(已做過(guò)的事)goontodo繼而(做另一件事)stoptodo停下來(lái)去做另一件事goondoing繼續(xù)(做原來(lái)的事)stopdoing停止正在做的事regrettodo(對(duì)將要做的事)遺憾regretdoing(對(duì)已做過(guò)的事)懊悔特殊句型特殊用法cannothelpbutdohavedifficulty/troubledoingsth.cannotchoosebutdohaveagood/greattimedoingsth.candonothingbutdoIt’snogood/usedoingsth.havenothingbuttodoThereisnopoint/sense/harm/usedoingsth.havenothingtodobutdoThereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.donothingbutdotherebe非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法(1)做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)取決于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的持續(xù)要求。如：Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.(2)做目的狀語(yǔ)fortheretobe，做其他狀語(yǔ)用therebeing。如：Fortheretobesuccessfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.(fortheretobe…在句中做目的狀語(yǔ))Therebeingnofurtherquestions,we’llstopheretoday.(therebeing…做原因狀語(yǔ))(3)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)用fortheretobe。如：Itisunusualfortheretobenolatecomerstoday.(4)做除for外的介詞賓語(yǔ)，用therebeing。如：Hewouldalwaysignorethefactoftherebeingsuchacontradictioninhisinnerthought非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)題1.______won'tbeofmuchhelp.A.Tom'sgoingB.TomgoingC.TomtogoD.Tomgoes2.Theymanaged_____themeetingroombeforetheguestsarrived.A.finishingtocleanB.finishingcleaningC.tofinishcleaningD.tofinishtoclean

3.Wemustfindaroombigenough_____.A.forallofustoliveB.forallofustoliveinC.toliveinallofusD.ofallofustolive4._____ateacher,Ishouldsetagoodexampletostudents.A.BeingB.HavingbeenC.TobeD.AsIbeing5._____ateacher,onemustfirstbetheirpupil.A.BeingB.Havingbeen

C.TobeD.Tohavebeen6.Itwasstupid_____youradvice.A.formenottotakeB.formenottakingC.ofmenottotakeD.ofmenottaking7.Theteachertoldhimtospeaklouder_____by,everybody.A.soastobeheardB.soastohearC.inorderthatheardD.inordertohear

8.Theysuggested_____thesportsmeettillnextTuesday.A.ustoputoffB.puttingoffC.usofputtingoffD.ourputoff9.Thedoctorgavemesomemedicine,_____threetimesadaybeforemeals.A.totakeB.tobetakingC.tobetakenD.Itookit10.Thankingthemfortheirkindness,hesaidthattheoldladyreallyappreciated_____bythem.A.visitingB.visited

C.tobevisitedD.beingvisited11._____madeherparentsveryangry.A.Jane'sengagingBlackB.Jane'sbeingengagedtoBlackC.JanehavingengagedtoBlackD.JanehasengagedtoBlack12.Don'tyouthinkitgood_____inpublicplaces?A.forbiddingsmokingB.toforbidsmokingC.