專題六動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語一、動(dòng)詞分類一覽表編輯ppt分類功能及構(gòu)成例詞例句備注實(shí)義動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語give,tell,send,etc.Hegavemeapresent.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞后不加賓語work,swim,arrive,etc.Hearrivedlate.系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，必須跟表語構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)

狀態(tài)類be,remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,sit,lie,prove,turnout,workout,seem,appearHeisateacher.Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.Theplanturnedoutasuccess.Heseems(tobe)verysad.Thesearchproveddifficult.編輯ppt感覺類feel,smell,sound,taste,lookThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.大部分的表示變化類的系動(dòng)詞有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，但所有的系動(dòng)詞都沒有被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變化類become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,makeThefishwentbad.Hebecameadoctortwoyearsago.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.編輯ppt助動(dòng)詞本身沒有詞義，用以幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定句、疑問句、倒裝句等結(jié)構(gòu)。不可單獨(dú)使用，須與動(dòng)詞原形或分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語be,have,do,shall和will的各種形式Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish.Hedidknowthat.Ihaveboughtacar.Doyoulikecollegelife?NeverwillIcomeback情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化。表示說話人的情感、態(tài)度、語氣、命令、推測(cè)等。必須和動(dòng)詞原形連用構(gòu)成謂語(ought除外)can(could),may(might),shall(should),will(would),must,need,dareWecan’tcarrytheheavybox.Hemaycometomorrow.Wemuststudyhard.詳見語法專題之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣編輯ppt二、動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞短語是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動(dòng)詞短語的測(cè)試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成一覽表：構(gòu)成例詞例句動(dòng)詞+副詞turnup,turnoff,etc.Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.動(dòng)詞＋介詞agreewith,etc.Iagreewithyouonthatpoint.動(dòng)詞+副詞＋介詞lookforwardto,etc.Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.編輯ppt動(dòng)詞+名詞＋介詞makeuseof,etc.Youshouldmakefulluseofyourtime.

動(dòng)詞+名詞takeplace,etc.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinourlife.動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語是歷年高考單項(xiàng)填空考查的核心。設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語來考查考生在具體語境中對(duì)其的理解和實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力。編輯ppt【考點(diǎn)一】考查助動(dòng)詞的用法助動(dòng)詞有be(am,is,are,was,were,been),have(has,had),do(does,did),will(would),shall(should)。它們本身沒有詞義，只和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一定形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，用來表示時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，構(gòu)成否定、疑問及加強(qiáng)語氣等。（1）助動(dòng)詞be(am,is,are,were,been)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句be+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Theyarehavingameeting.be+過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.betodosth.表示計(jì)劃、安排或命令HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.begoingtodosth.表示計(jì)劃或有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事Lookatthedarkclouds.It’sgoingtorain.編輯ppt（2）助動(dòng)詞have(has,had)的用法

結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句have+過去分詞構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)HehasleftforLondon.Haveyouseenthefilm?HehadleftforLondonbeforeIcame.havebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Whathaveyoubeendoingthesedays?編輯ppt（3）助動(dòng)詞do(does,did)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成一般疑問句DidyoustudyGerman?donot+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的否定形式Idonotwanttobecriticized.do+動(dòng)詞原形用于祈使句或陳述句中加強(qiáng)語氣Hedidbuyanewcaryesterday.Dodosomework.代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞以避免重復(fù)Mymothertoldmetogotobedearly.SoIdid.編輯ppt【考點(diǎn)二】?？嫉淖兓愊祫?dòng)詞辨析

系動(dòng)詞用法常用結(jié)構(gòu)例句go①由好到壞或由正常到不常的變化②“保持”gobad；goblind；gomad;gohungry(unreported,unnoticed)Thetirewentflat.He變成為（已知的狀態(tài)）；證實(shí)為cometrue;comerightThingswillcomerightintheend.Hisdreamwillcometruesoonerorlater.編輯pptrun“變成”runshort；rundryThewellhasrundry.turn成為與以前完全不同的東西。多接表示顏色或天氣的形容詞或不帶冠詞的名詞。Thetreesturnredinautumn.Hehasturnedwriter.fall“進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)）；成為”fallasleep；fallill；falllame；fallsilentTheoldmen,unabletoexpresshimself,fellsilent.編輯pptget“變成，變得……起來”。較口語化。強(qiáng)調(diào)“逐漸”。后接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語。Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.become“成為”，普通用語，多表示過去完成的事。become+a(n)+名詞Shehasbecomealawyer.Hebecameangrywithme.grow“漸漸變得……起來；長(zhǎng)得”，強(qiáng)調(diào)其變化過程。常可接表示天氣的形容詞。It’sgrowingwarm.編輯pptappear“顯得，好像”，常用于正式文體中。指給他人的表面印象，有時(shí)含有實(shí)質(zhì)上并非如此之意。appeartobe/adj./n./prep.appeartodo;Itappearsthat...;appearasif/thoughHeappearedtobetalkingtohimself.Itappearsthattheyareright.Theriverappearedasifenvelopedinsmog.seem“似乎，好像”。指說話人內(nèi)心的估計(jì)與判斷，有一定依據(jù)，接近于實(shí)際情況。seemtobe/adj./n./prep.seemtodo；Itseemsthat...;seemsasif/though

Theyoungmanseemedtohavechangedmuch.Itseemsthatsheishappy.Sheseemedasifshecouldn’tunderstandwhyLaurawasthere.編輯pptlook“好像，看起來”，一般用于非正式場(chǎng)合。側(cè)重由視覺得到的印象。look+adj./n./prep.looklike;lookasif/thoughShelookslikehermother.Itlooksasifwearegoingtohavesnow.【考點(diǎn)三】考查主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的用法（1）need,want,require(要求，需要),deserve(應(yīng)得，值得),beworth(值得)，后面接doing主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Thebookisworthreading.Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).編輯ppt（2）不定式作定語，放在被修飾詞后面，與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系，不定式要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義。Ihavemuchworktodo.（與work有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I有主謂關(guān)系）比較：Ihavealettertobetyped.（3）不定式作表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞時(shí)(主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式)，如果形容詞是表示難易、利弊等含義時(shí)(difficult,easy,comfortable,convenient,hard,cheap,expensive,etc.)，不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theworkiseasytodo.(=It’seasytodothework.)（4）有些動(dòng)詞(短語)只有主動(dòng)形式，常視為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。①takeplace,happen,breakout等。Abigfirehappened/tookplace/brokeoutlastnight.②一些動(dòng)詞,如:sell(銷售),wash(洗),clean(打掃),burn(燃燒),cook(煮),write(寫)等與副詞,如:well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等連用，描繪事物的特性，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+動(dòng)詞+副詞。編輯pptThebooksellswell.Theseclotheswasheasily.Thepenwriteswell.Nyloncleanseasily.【考點(diǎn)四】考查易混短語的用法動(dòng)詞短語的測(cè)試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短語的辨析。1.AGREE短語sb.agreewithsb.某人同意某人的話/意見sth.agreewithsb.某物/某事適應(yīng)某人agreetotheplan/decision/arrangement同意計(jì)劃/決定/安排agreeonsth.就……達(dá)成共識(shí)agreetodosth.同意干某事2.BREAK短語breakaway(from)（與……）脫離；改掉（習(xí)慣）breakdown（身體）垮掉；（計(jì)劃、談判）失敗；（汽車）拋錨；分解（強(qiáng)調(diào)化學(xué)變化）編輯pptbreakin/into闖入breakoff折斷；斷絕breakout（fire,disease,war,etc.）突發(fā)，爆發(fā)（火災(zāi)，疾病，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）breakup打碎；分裂；分解(強(qiáng)調(diào)化學(xué)變化)3.BRING短語bringabout引起，造成；實(shí)現(xiàn)bringback拿回；使回憶起來bringdown使倒下；降低bringin掙得；介紹引進(jìn)bringon引起,導(dǎo)致bringout揭示，揭露bring...tolight揭露；使了解到bringup撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐4.CALL短語callat+sp.拜訪某地callon/upon+sb.訪問，拜訪某人callfor要求；需要編輯pptcallin召集；請(qǐng)來calloff取消callup打電話；令人想起5.CARRY短語carryon進(jìn)行；進(jìn)行下去carryout貫徹，執(zhí)行carrythrough順利完成，順利實(shí)現(xiàn)6.COME短語comeabout發(fā)生；造成comeacross偶遇comealong加油，快點(diǎn)；進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行comeintoeffect(force)生效comeintobeing形成；產(chǎn)生comeintopower開始執(zhí)政comeon快點(diǎn)comeout出來；出版；結(jié)果編輯pptcomearound/round恢復(fù)知覺；繞道而來cometooneself蘇醒過來comeup靠近；被提到；發(fā)生comeupwith提出（主意，計(jì)劃等）7.CUT短語cutdown砍倒；削減cutin（on）插嘴；插入cutoff切斷；斷絕cutthrough抄近路走過；刺穿cutup切碎8.GET短語getalong/on(with)融洽相處；進(jìn)展getaway離開getdown擊落；記下getdownto開始認(rèn)真考慮getin到達(dá)；收獲getoff下車；脫下編輯pptgetout出去，離開；泄露getover克服getthrough接通電話；用完；做完；通過getup起床9.GIVE短語giveaway泄露；出賣givein讓步，投降；交上giveoff發(fā)出(蒸汽、液體、霧等)giveout分發(fā)；發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)；用盡，精疲力竭giveup放棄(念頭、希望等)10.GO短語goagainst反對(duì)；違反；不利于goby(從……旁)走過；順便走訪godown下降goinfor參加；愛好編輯pptgooff離開；爆炸goover(對(duì)……進(jìn)行)仔細(xì)檢查；潤(rùn)色；復(fù)習(xí)gothrough仔細(xì)檢查；經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；被通過gowith伴隨；與……相配11.KEEP短語keepaneyeon注意；監(jiān)視keepawayfrom不讓接近keepback阻止；隱瞞keepdown鎮(zhèn)壓；保留keepinmind記住keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系keepon繼續(xù)keepto遵循；堅(jiān)持keep...tooneself對(duì)……守口如瓶keepupwith跟上；不落后12.LOOK短語lookafter照顧，照看編輯pptlookahead向前看；著眼未來lookback回頭看；回顧lookaround四處看lookdownupon看不起；輕視lookout小心；當(dāng)心lookon旁觀；觀望lookinto調(diào)查lookthrough瀏覽；翻閱；仔細(xì)查看lookup查尋；向上看13.PUT短語putaway放好；儲(chǔ)存putdown寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓putforward提出；推舉putoff推遲puton穿上putout撲滅編輯pptputup舉起；投宿；張貼putupwith忍受；容忍14.SET短語setabout開始，著手（后接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞）setout出發(fā)；開始；陳列setto起勁地干起來；毅然開始做setaside留出；不顧；撤銷；駁回setoff(for)出發(fā),動(dòng)身；使爆炸；引起；襯托setup設(shè)立；豎立,架起；立業(yè)15.TAKE短語takeafter（在外貌或行為方面）酷似takealong隨身帶著takeaway取走takeback收回takein吸收；理解；欺騙takeoff脫衣；起飛；廣泛使用，大受歡迎takeon呈現(xiàn)；開始雇傭；從事takeover接收，接管takeup占據(jù)；開始從事；繼續(xù)編輯ppt16.TURN短語turnaway把……打發(fā)走；不讓……進(jìn)入turndown調(diào)低；拒絕turninto進(jìn)入；(使)變成(主要指物質(zhì)形態(tài)、性質(zhì)等的轉(zhuǎn)變)turnoff關(guān)掉turnon開啟turnout關(guān)掉；證實(shí)；結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)turnover翻過來turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于turnup調(diào)高；找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)編輯ppt1.Theworkers______theglassesandmarkedoneachbox“ThisSideUp”.(2010·全國(guó)Ⅰ)A.carriedB.deliveredC.pressedD.packed解析：選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：工人們把玻璃制品包裝好，并給每個(gè)箱子做上“此面向上”的標(biāo)記。carry搬運(yùn)；deliver遞送；press按，壓；pack給……打包。2.Mymotheropenedthedrawerto______theknivesandspoons.(2010·全國(guó)Ⅱ)A.putawayB.putupC.putonD.puttogether解析：選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：我媽媽打開抽屜把刀子和勺子放好。putaway把……放好，收拾起來；putup舉起;搭建;張貼;掛起；puton穿;戴上；puttogether把……放在一起。3.Nomatterhowlowyouconsideryourself,thereisalwayssomeone______youwishingtheywerethathigh.(2010·安徽)A.gettingridof B.gettingalongwithC.lookinguptoD.lookingdownupon編輯ppt解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：不管你認(rèn)為自己多么不好，總會(huì)有人崇拜你，并希望能像你那樣。getridof擺脫；去除；getalongwith與……相處；lookupto尊敬；敬仰；lookdownupon看不起；輕視。4.—HowdidyoulikeNick’sperformancelastnight?—Tobehonest,hissingingdidn’t_______tomemuch.(2010·安徽)A.appealB.belongC.referD.occur解析：選A?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z的用法。答語句意為：說實(shí)話，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。appealto吸引；belongto屬于；referto提到；涉及；occurto被想到。5.We’vejustmovedintoabiggerhouseandthere’salottodo.Let’s_______it.(2010·福建)A.keepupwithB.doawaywithC.getdowntoD.lookforwardto編輯ppt解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：我們剛剛搬進(jìn)一所大點(diǎn)的房子里，有許多事情要做，讓我們開始做吧。getdownto開始做，著手做。keepupwith趕上；doawaywith廢除;去掉；lookforwardto期盼。6.—Inthisdayandage,womencanhavechildrenandjobsaswell.—Ican’tagreemore.It’sgreattohavethetwo______.(2010·福建)A.linkedB.relatedC.connectedD.combined解析：選D。考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。答語句意為：我非常贊同。讓這兩者結(jié)合真是太好了。havesth.done.使某事被做。link聯(lián)系，連接；relate使互相關(guān)聯(lián)；connect連接；combine結(jié)合，合并。

7.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained______abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.(2010·福建)A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck解析：選B。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。remain作系動(dòng)詞意為“保持，繼續(xù)”，后面要接名詞、形容詞或分詞作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。據(jù)此判斷應(yīng)該選擇B項(xiàng)stuck。stuck表示“被卡住”，引申為“被滯留”。8.Dutyisanactoracourseofactionthatpeople_______youto編輯ppttakebysocialcustoms,laworreligion.(2010·湖北)A.persuadeB.requestC.instructD.expect解析：選D。考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：所謂職責(zé)，就是大家根據(jù)社會(huì)習(xí)俗、法律或者宗教信仰期望你所采取的一種行動(dòng)或行為方式。expect預(yù)料；期望；指望，符合句意。persuade說服，使某人相信；request禮貌地要求，請(qǐng)求；instruct命令；教授；指導(dǎo)。9.Justastheclothesapersonwears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomhespendshistime,hishouse_______hispersonality.(2010·湖北)A.resemblesB.strengthensC.reflectsD.shapes解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：對(duì)于一個(gè)人來說，就像他的穿衣、吃飯以及與之度過時(shí)光的朋友一樣，他的房子代表了他的個(gè)性。reflect反射；顯示；反映，符合題意。resemble類似，像；strengthen加強(qiáng)；鞏固；shape塑造，使成形；形成；使符合。10.Hadshe______herpromise,shewouldhavemadeittoYaleUniversity.(2010·湖北)編輯ppt解析：選B。考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：如果她遵守她的諾言，她就會(huì)成功進(jìn)入耶魯大學(xué)。lookupto尊敬,仰望；liveupto遵守；不辜負(fù)；keepwithup趕上；comeupwith提出。11.Parents______muchimportancetoeducation.Theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirchildrenthatpricelessgift.(2010·江西)A.attach B.payC.link D.apply解析：選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：父母都十分重視教育。他們會(huì)竭盡所能給他們的孩子們那種極其珍貴的禮物。attachimportanceto認(rèn)為……有重要性；pay付錢；link...to...把……和……連接在一起；apply...to...把……應(yīng)用于……。12.Smelltheflowersbeforeyougotosleep,andyoumayjust_____sweetdreams.(2010·江西)A.keepupwith B.putupwithC.endupwith D.catchupwith解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：睡覺之前聞聞這些花，你就會(huì)進(jìn)入甜美的夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)。keepupwith跟上；putupwith忍受；endupwith以……為結(jié)束；catchupwith趕上。編輯ppt13.Thousandsofpeople______towatchyesterday’smatchagainstIreland.(2010·遼寧)A.turnedon B.turnedinC.turnedaround D.turnedout解析：選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：結(jié)果顯示有成千上萬的人觀看了昨天同愛爾蘭隊(duì)的比賽。turnout結(jié)果為；證明是；turnon打開；turnin上交,遞交；turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身。14.Thenewmovie_______tobeoneofthebiggestmoney-makersofalltime.(2010·遼寧)A.promises B.agreesC.pretends D.declines解析：選A。考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：這部新電影有望成為電影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。promise許諾，答應(yīng)；有……的希望；agree同意，贊同；pretend假裝；decline衰老，衰退。編輯ppt15.Sam_______someknowledgeofthecomputerjustbywatchingothersworkingonit.(2010·山東)A.broughtup B.lookedupC.pickedup D.setup解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：山姆只通過觀察別人操作電腦就學(xué)到了一些電腦知識(shí)。pickup學(xué)會(huì)；撿起；順車