書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林動畫學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theunrulycrowdbecameevenmore____whenthenegotiatortriedtoquietthem.

問題1選項

A.boisterous

B.bombastic

C.boorish

D.bloated

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.boisterous喧鬧的B.bombastic浮夸的

C.boorish粗俗的D.bloated腫脹的

【答案】A

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】該句主語為“沒有規(guī)矩的人群”，空格處所填詞受more“更加”修飾，指“不守規(guī)矩的人群更加____”。根據后文“當談判代表試圖讓他們安靜下來（quietthem）時”可知，人群很吵鬧，因此，人群應該是變得更加“吵鬧”，A選項boisterous“喧鬧的”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】當談判代表試圖讓這群不守規(guī)矩的人安靜下來時，他們變得更喧鬧了。

2.單選題

Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously（）relationsbetween

thetwocountries.

問題1選項

A.tumble

B.jeopardize

C.manipulate

D.intimidate

【答案】B

【解析】句意：貿易限制方面存在的意見分歧會嚴重（）兩國的關系。A選項tumble跌倒；B選項jeopardize危害；C選項manipulate操縱；D選項intimidate恐嚇，B選項jeopardize符合句意。

3.單選題

SimilarelementsintheprehistoricremainsfrombothareassuggestthatIndiansandtheirneighborshadmaintaineddistantbutrealconnections（

）before1,500BC.

問題1選項

A.ever

B.even

C.never

D.still

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。ever意為“永遠，曾經”；even意為“甚至”；never意為“從不，從來沒有”；still意為“仍然，依舊”。

句意：這兩個地區(qū)史前遺跡中的相似元素表明，印地安人和他們的鄰居甚至早在公元前1500年之前就一直保持著遙遠而真實的聯系。

4.單選題

[A]Amilk[B]canprovideprotein[C]foracheap,[D]nutritionallybalanceddiet.

問題1選項

A.A

B.canprovide

C.foracheap

D.nutritionally

【答案】A

【解析】【考查點】冠詞的使用。

【解題思路】Milk（牛奶）是不可數名詞，因此不能用不定冠詞a修飾，故去掉a。該題選擇A項。

【句意】牛奶可以提供蛋白質，提供便宜、營養(yǎng)均衡的飲食。

5.單選題

Auniversityisaneducationalinstitutionwhichawardsdegreesand______research.

問題1選項

A.carriesthrough

B.carriesoff

C.carriesout

D.carriesabout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項carrythrough“貫徹到底，渡過難關”，B項carryoff“奪取，獲得”，C項carryout“執(zhí)行，實行”，D項carryabout“帶著，隨身攜帶”。根據前面句子的意思“大學是授予學位的教育機構”，結合空格后面的research“研究”可知，C選項最符合語境。句意：大學是授予學位并進行研究的教育機構。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

6.單選題

IamconfidentthatI’llprovetobeatremendous____toyourcompany.

問題1選項

A.possession

B.asset

C.property

D.assumption

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.possession所有物；擁有B.asset有價值的人或事物

C.property財產D.assumption（責任的）承擔；（權力的）獲得

【答案】B

【考查點】語義銜接與名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句句意為“我相信我將成為貴公司的寶貴的____?！庇纱丝芍崭袼畹脑~指的是“我”這個人。因此，B選項asset“（~tosb/sth）有價值的人或事物”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項possession“所有物；擁有”，側重于指個人財產或私人物品，或者inpossessionofsomething指擁有某物的狀態(tài)；

C選項property“財產”，指個人或團體合法擁有的財產，包括動產與不動產；

D選項assumption“（責任的）承擔；（權力的）獲得”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】我相信我將成為貴公司的寶貴財富。

7.單選題

Thestudentstakea（）testinMarch,andthemainexamisinJuly.

問題1選項

A.previous

B.preliminary

C.preceded

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:學生們在三月份參加初試，正式考試在七月份

考查形容詞辨析。previous先前的；preliminary初步的，預備的；preceded前面的；elementary初步的，基本的。由后面句子關鍵詞“正式考試”可知這里指“初試”，故選B。

8.單選題

Galileoabstainedfromdiscussingtheforcethatcausesaccelerationwhenanobjectfallstowardstheearth.

問題1選項

A.evolvedfrom

B.protectedfrom

C.refrainedfrom

D.derivedfrom

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項evolvedfrom“進化”；B選項protectedfrom“保護”；C選項refrainedfrom“避免”；D選項derivedfrom“衍生”。句意：伽利略沒有討論物體落向地球時引起加速度的力。劃線部分abstainedfrom是回避的意思。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.

問題1選項

A.allatonce

B.byandby

C.tosomeextent

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.allatonce突然B.byandby不久以后

C.tosomeextent在一定程度上D.onthewhole總的來說

【考查點】短語辨析

【解題思路】原文byandlarge的意思是“總的來說”，四個選項中與該短語意思最接近的是D選項onthewhole“總的來說”。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項與原文不符。

【句意】許多影評人一致認為，總的來說，這部電影在表演和攝影方面都是成功的。

10.單選題

MobyDick,nowregardedasagreatworkofAmericanliterature,wasvirtually___whenitwasfirstpublished,anditwasnotuntilmanyyearslaterthatMelville’sachievementswere___.

問題1選項

A.renowned...relegated

B.notorious...justified

C.hailed...understood

D.ignored...recognized

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項renowned“使有聲望”，relegated“貶職，把降低到，把……置于次要地位；使（球隊）降級”；B選項notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”，justified“證明……是正當的；替……辯護”；C選項hailed“稱贊；致敬；招呼”，understood“明白；懂得”；D選項ignored“忽略；不顧”，recognized“確認，承認；具結”。句意：《白鯨》現在被認為是美國文學史上的一部偉大作品，但它剛出版時卻幾乎___，直到許多年后，梅爾維爾的成就___。本句表達“《白鯨》剛出版時被人忽略，直到多年后，梅爾維爾的成就才被大家承認”。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

John______smokeheavily,buthehasnowstopped.

問題1選項

A.isusedto

B.wasusedto

C.usedto

D.hasbeenusedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項isusedto和B選項wasusedto均表示“習慣于……；習慣”；C選項usedto意為“過去常常，過去經常做某事”，有過去常這樣做，現在不這樣做了的意味；D選項hasbeenusedto是beusedto的完成時。句意：約翰過去抽煙很厲害，但現在不抽了。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Idon’tthinkitis（）toreconstructthedestroyedforestecosysteminafewyears.

問題1選項

A.plausible

B.notable

C.considerable

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。plausible可信的；notable顯著的；considerable值得考慮的；feasible可行的。句意：我認為在幾年內重建受破壞的森林生態(tài)系統是不可行的。選項D符合句意。

13.單選題

Billisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome（

）atmanysurvivalskills.

問題1選項

A.proficient

B.persistent

C.consistent

D.sufficient

【答案】A

【解析】proficient熟練的，精通的；persistent固執(zhí)的，堅持的；consistent始終如一的，一致的；sufficient足夠的，充分的。根據句意可知應該是精通技能，所以選項A正確。

14.案例題

"Useitorloseit"isthenewapproachtobackpain.Inthelastfewyears,therehasbeena（1）changeinthewaydoctorstreatthismostcommondisease.Weeksormonthsofrestinbed一the（2）methodoftreatmentforsolong—arenowthoughttobesurelyharmful.Musclesbecomesoft,jointsbecome（3）andwhatstartedoutasa（4）acuteconditionquicklyturnsintoacontinuingdisability.Farbetter,accordingtocurrentthinking,istoputupwithalittlepainandgetmoving.

Thechangehasnothappenedovernight.Foryears,somespecialistshavehadan（5）feelingthatbedrestwasnottheanswer.Butwhatfinallyputanendto（6）bedrestwasastudyofmorethan200patientswhoweretreatedforbackpaininaclinicinTaxes.Notonlydidpatientswhohadtwodays'bedrestdototallyaswellasthosegivensevendays,they（7）onlyhalfasmuchtimealtogether（8）work.

Asaresultofthestudy,expertsnowrecommendthat（9）anyonewithacutebackpainshouldspendmorethanafewdays（10）down.Afterthatshouldcomeaprogramofgradually（11）exercise,probablyaccompaniedbysome（12）treatmentssuchasmassage,heatorultrasound.

Becauseofhospitalwaitinglists,mostpeoplehavetowaitseveralweeksbeforereceivingthetreatmenttheyneeD.Unfortunatelythiswaitisoftenspentinbedorinactivefor（13）ofdoingfurtherdamagetotheback.Ithasbeenestimatedthatforeverydayaninjuredmuscleisresteditlosesatleastonepercentofits（14）.Stayinbedfortwoorthreeweeksanditwillbefar（15）torebuildadamagedmuscle.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

temporary

fear

extend

passiver

equire

substantial

count

instinctive

increase

lie

permanent

hardly

stiff

stick

adopt

hard

current

strength

off

standard

【答案】1.substantial。

2.passive

3.stiff

4.temporary

5.instinctive

6.lie

7.require

8.hard

9.current

10.adopting

11.strength

12.standard

13.fear

14.count

15.permanent

【解析】1.結合上下文及句意可知,既然是新方法,那么治療這種疾病的方式自然是有了很大的變化。故答案為substantial。

2.根據前面的Weeksormonthsofrestinbed可推斷,這種治療方法是"被動的"。故答案為passive。

3.結合上文可知填空處應填入與soft相對的形容詞,stiff呆板的;堅硬的,符合原文句意。故答案為stiff。

4.根據下文的"continuing"可知,填空處應指"暫時的急性癥狀",故答案為temporary。

5.instinctive與feeling搭配意為"直覺",符合語義。故為答案為instinctive。

6.根據原文句意可知,這里指結束臥床休息的研究。liebedrest指"臥床休息"。故答案為lie。

7.根據原文句意：兩天臥床休息的病人不僅和七天臥床休息的病人完全一樣,而且他們總共只需要努力工作時間的一半。故答案為require。

8.hard與work構成固定搭配,意為"努力工作"。

9.分析句子的結構和語義,填空處應填入與now意思相近的形容詞,故current（目前）符合要求。

10.根據原文可知,這里指"花時間適應背疼的情況",spend后接doing形式。故答案為adopting。

11.此處指"力量運動"。故答案為strength。

12.根據下文的suchasmassage,heatorultrasound可知,這里是對治療的具體舉例,standardtreatments表述合理。故答案為standard。

13.forfearof為固定短語,意為"生怕,以免。"

14.根據上下文及句意可知,這里指"總數的百分之一"。故答案為count.

15.根據關鍵詞"far"推斷,填空處應填入的形容詞表示需要很長的時間,permanent符合原文。故答案為permanent。

15.單選題

It’sapitythatweshouldstayathomewhenwehave（

）weather.

問題1選項

A.sofine

B.suchfine

C.suchafine

D.sofinea

【答案】B

【解析】考查so與such的用法。weather是不可數名詞，such+adj.+不可數名詞，所以選項B符合題意。

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16.單選題

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”一physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint，butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,BritainandAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.

Musicisdeep-rootedintheculturalbackgroundthatfostersit.Wenowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefolkmusicaswedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritage.Musiciansallovertheworldarebusywithrecordingclassicmusicintheircountryforthesakeoftheiruniqueculture.Asalways,people’saspirationwillalwaysfocusontheirindividualityratherthanuniversalfeaturesthataresharedbyallculturesalike.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“information-revolution”,atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutioninthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

1.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause（

）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause（

）

4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintothe

worldofmusic（

）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnology

B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenation

C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresent

D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization

問題2選項

A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic

B.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra

C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusic

D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusic

問題3選項

A.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreadit

B.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicians

C.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusic

D.itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs

問題4選項

A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolution

B.hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputes

C.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculture

D.hasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments

問題5選項

A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.

B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.

C.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.

D.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife提到研究文化相關的工具和技術是為了了解一個國家的歷史和生活方式，所以選項C符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句wecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra提到了交響樂團的發(fā)展，交響樂是由近東傳播到歐洲的，選項D符合題意。

3.文章第二段Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole提及閱讀樂譜對音樂家產生了深遠的影響，并且對音樂文化也有很大的影響，選項A的描述與之相近，因此符合題意。

4.文章最后一段theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments提到了電子媒體的內容，由此可知就像工業(yè)文明導致社會結構變化一樣，這些電子媒體會導致一些新的音樂形式出現，選項C符合題意。

5.文章主要提到了音樂的物質文明，比如樂器、樂譜等來講述音樂文明的發(fā)展歷程，提到音樂文明的發(fā)展離不開物質文明的發(fā)展，選項D符合題意。

17.單選題

Todaythepublicismuchconcernedabouttheway（

）.

問題1選項

A.natureisbeingruined

B.whichnatureisruined

C.onwhichtoruinnature

D.ofnaturetoberuined

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。當先行詞為theway時，關系代詞可以是that/inwhich或者省略。

句意：如今，公眾非常關心自然受到破壞的方式。

18.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto.Andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedatdepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats;moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,shirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouse.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.

Lookaroundyouandyou'llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorbelievesthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

B.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

C.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

D.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

問題2選項

A.confidenceinlife

B.individualdress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問題3選項

A.uniform

B.unknown

C.varied

D.inexplicable

問題4選項

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問題5選項

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第二句話提到“很少有人滿足于自己的現狀，也很少有人會忽視潮流”（Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion），選項B“絕不會忽視潮流的東西”符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第二段提到時尚雜志和電視廣告試圖說服我們在特定的場合穿特定的衣服，表現出特定的禮儀。在他們看來，這樣做會讓我們更加自信地去結識新的朋友（Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidently）。因此可以推斷出時尚雜志和電視廣告將時尚與自信聯系在一起，選項A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段第一二句提到“引起時尚改變的原因是什么？有時候是因為方便或者實際需要或者因為某個人的影響”（Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion），由此可以看出，引起時尚變化的原因是多方面的，無法確定的，選項C“多樣的”符合題意。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。文章倒數第二段提到現在的社會比以前自由、簡單，不需要跟他人穿著一樣。你可以穿你喜歡穿的衣服，做你喜歡做的發(fā)型，不是因為這些流行，單純因為喜歡。（Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion），由此可知，現在重視的是“個性”。選項D符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章倒數第二段提到衣服發(fā)型可以出于自己的喜好進行選擇，不必考慮是否流行，也不需要隨大流。最后一段提到在正式的場合還是需要注重儀表，接著舉了一些例子來說明穿衣服應該分清場合。選項A“正式場合需要注重儀表”符合題意。

19.單選題

IttookthemediaawhiletoacknowledgethatmostofKatrina’svictimswereblack.Apparently,itwilltakelongertomentionthatmostofthevictimswerewomenandchildren.Inoticedthreecommentatorswhobroughtupthedelicatesubjectofthemostlymissingmales—GeorgeWill,GaiyBauer,andThomasBray,acolumnistfortheDetroitNews.Willnotedthat76percentofbirthstoLouisiana’sAfrican—Americansaretounmarriedwomen,andprobablymorethan80percentareinNewOrleans,sincethatistheusualestimateinotherinnercities.Willwrote:“Thattranslatesintoalargeandconstantlyrenewedcohortoflightlyparentedadolescentmales,andthattranslatesintochaos,inneighborhoodsandschools,comerainorcomeshine.”

Agooddealofhardevidenceshowsthatthisisso.Twodecadesofresearchproducedaconsensusamongsocialscientistsofbothleftandrightthatfamilystructurehasaseriousimpactonchildren,evenwhencontrollingforincome,race,andothervariables.Inotherwords,wearenottalkingaboutaproblemofracebutaboutaproblemoffamilyformationor,rather,thelackofit.Thebestoutcomesforchildren―whetherinacademicperformance,avoidanceofcrimeanddrugs,orfinancialandeconomicsuccess—arealmostinvariablyproducedbymarriedbiologicalparents.Theworstresultsarebynever-marriedwomen.

Inapolicybriefreleasedlastweek,theWashington-basedInstituteforMarriageandPublicPolicy,lookedat23recentstudiesdealingwithfamilystructureandyouthcrime.In19ofthe20studiesthatfoundfamilystructuretohaveaneffect,childrenfromnonintactorsingle-parentfamilieshadahigherrateofcrimeordelinquency.Neighborhoodswithlotsofout-of-wedlockbirthshavelotsofcrime.Unfortunately,onestudysaidthatthemoresingle-parentfamiliestherewereinaneighborhood,themorecrimetherewasamongtwo-parentkidslivingaroundthem.Again,thesestudiesarecontrolledforrace.Adolescentsinsingle-parentfamilieswerealmosttwiceaslikelytohavepulledaknifeoragunonsomeoneinthepastyear.Thiswasaftercontrollingformanydemographicvariables,includingrace,gender,age,householdincome,andeducationallevelofparents.

Inalargesampleofstudentsin315classroomsin11cities,the“singlemostimportantvariable”inganginvolvementwasfoundtobefamilystructure.Inotherwords,thegreaterthenumberofparentsathome,thelowerthelevelofganginvolvement.AstudyofAmericanIndianfamiliesfoundthatlivinginatwo-parentfamilyreducedganginvolvementbymorethan50percent.

Anotherstudyconcludedthatout-of-wedlockchildbearinghadalargeeffectontherateofarrestsformurder,aneffectthat“seemstohavegottenstrongerovertime.”

“Adolescentsinmarried,two-biological-parentfamiliesgenerallyfarebetterthanchildreninanyofthefamilytypesexaminedhere.”onestudyreported.Theotherfamilytypesstudiedweresinglemother,cohabitingstepfather,andmarriedstepfatherfamilies.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Thebestresultsforchildrencomealmostcertainlyfrom（

）.

3.Thephrase“out-of-wedlockbirths”(Line4,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofchildren’sganginvolvement?

5.Whichisagoodfamilystructureforchildbearing?

問題1選項

A.GeorgeWillisworkingfortheDetroitNews.

B.LotsofblackwomenandchildrenwerekilledbyKatrina.

C.Unmarriedmalesoftenfeeleasilywiththeirchildren.

D.Lessthan20%birthstoNewOrleans’Americansaretomarriedwomen.

問題2選項

A.variousheavysocialpressures

B.theeconomystatusoftheirfamily

C.theircompletefamilyformation

D.theracewhichtheybelongto

問題3選項

A.homelesskids

B.two-parentkids

C.kidswithstep-father

D.kidswithnomarriedparents

問題4選項

A.Thereisonlyonethingthatinfluenceschildren’ganginvolvement.

B.ChildrenofAmericanIndianfamilieshaveahighlevelofganginvolvement.

C.Childrenoftwo-parentfamilieshavealowerlevelofganginvolvement.

D.Childrenoftwo-parentfamilieshavenoganginvolvement.

問題5選項

A.Atwo-biological-parentfamily.

B.Aout-of-wedlockfamily.

C.Asingle-motherfamily.

D.Amarriedstepfatherfamily.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“IttookthemediaawhiletoacknowledgethatmostofKatrina’svictimswereblack.Apparently,itwilltakelongertomentionthatmostofthevictimswerewomenandchildren.媒體花了一段時間才承認卡特里娜颶風的受害者大多是黑人。顯然，要提到大多數受害者是婦女和兒童，還需要更長的時間。”由此可知B選項“很多黑人婦女和兒童被卡特里娜颶風殺死”正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第二、三、四句，句意為：經過20年的研究，左右兩派社會科學家達成了一個共識，即家庭結構對孩子有著嚴重的影響，即使在控制了收入、種族和其他變量的情況下也是如此。換句話說，我們討論的不是種族問題，而是家庭形成的問題，或者說是家庭缺乏的問題。對孩子來說，最好的結果——無論是學業(yè)成績、避免犯罪和吸毒，還是財務和經濟上的成功——幾乎都是由已婚的親生父母帶來的。由此可知家庭結構對一個兒童的影響力是非常大的，因此選項C符合題意。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“In19ofthe20studiesthatfoundfamilystructuretohaveaneffect,childrenfromnonintactorsingle-parentfamilieshadahigherrateofcrimeordelinquency.在20項研究中，有19項發(fā)現家庭結構對孩子有影響，來自不完整或單親家庭的孩子犯罪率更高。”可以推斷出D選項“有著未婚父母的小孩”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第四段“Inotherwords,thegreaterthenumberofparentsathome,thelowerthelevelofganginvolvement.換句話說，在家的父母數量越多，孩子加入幫會的可能性就越低”的對應可推知C“雙親家庭的小孩參加幫會的可能性較低”正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thebestoutcomesforchildren―whetherinacademicperformance,avoidanceofcrimeanddrugs,orfinancialandeconomicsuccess—arealmostinvariablyproducedbymarriedbiologicalparents.對孩子來說，最好的結果——無論是學業(yè)成績、避免犯罪和吸毒，還是財務和經濟上的成功——幾乎都是由已婚的親生父母帶來的?！庇纱丝芍狝選項“有兩個親生父母的家庭”正確。

20.單選題

Hetoldanyonewhowouldlistenhowhisbrilliantdaughterhadbeenacceptedbythemost（

）universitiesinthecity.

問題1選項

A.precious

B.prescriptive

C.prestigious

D.presumptuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他告訴所有愿意聽他聰明的女兒己經被最有名的大學錄取。

Precious珍貴的。prescriptive規(guī)定的，規(guī)范的；指定的。prestigious有名望的；享有聲望的presumptuous專橫的；放肆的；冒昧的。

21.單選題

Manymanufacturerswereaccusedofconcentratingtooheavilyoncostreduction,oftenatthe______ofthequalityoftheirproducts.

問題1選項

A.expense

B.exposure

C.expansion

D.expectation

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof“以……為代價”。句意：很多生產商被指控過于集中在降低成本，而以產品質量為代價。選項A符合題意。

22.單選題

Ourcorporation’sobligationunderthis（

）islimitedtorepairorreplacement.

問題1選項

A.warranty

B.license

C.market

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項warranty“（商品）保用單”；B選項license“執(zhí)照，許可證”；C選項market“市場，交易”；D選項necessity“必然，必要”。根據repairorreplacement（修理或更換）可知A選項符合語境。句意：我公司在本保證項下的義務僅限于修理或更換。

23.不定項選擇題

Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.

Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthis（1）—indeed,contradiction—whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththe（2）toputcomputersintheclassroom.Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisa/an（3）educationJustifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationis（4）requiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplyto（5）everyone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegally（6）toattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertain（7）oftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhois（8）ifhecannotcompetentlyassess（9）hislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythings（10）ofhimself.

Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase,beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertain（11）,itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequipped（12）naturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneis（13）tobeeducated.Computer-educationadvocates（14）thisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthat（15）theirotherwisecheeryoutlook.（16）ontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools,computer-educationadvocatesoften（17）thejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducational（18）.

Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherig