書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太湖創(chuàng)意職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas（

）.

問題1選項

A.smuggled

B.startled

C.appealed

D.stabilized

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項smuggle“走私，偷運”；B選項startle“使驚奇，使嚇一跳”；C選項appeal“呼吁”；D選項stabilize“使穩(wěn)固，使安定”。

句意：當(dāng)史蒂文30天后終于從山洞里出來時，在場的人都嚇了一跳。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Thefounders,aswasthecaseofalmostalltheirsuccessors,werelongonexhortationandrhetoricregardingthevalueofciviceducation,buttheyleftittothetextbookwriterstodistilltheessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren.

問題1選項

A.infuse

B.disseminate

C.extract

D.demonstrate

【答案】C

【解析】劃線詞的賓語是theessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren，從那些價值觀中……本質(zhì)。A選項infuse“灌輸；浸漬”；B選項disseminate“宣傳；散步”；C選項extract“提?。惶釤挕?；D選項demonstrate“證明；展示”。聯(lián)系句意可知“從那些價值觀中提取本質(zhì)”邏輯通順，因此C選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Thehotel（

）only$50foradoubleroomintheslackseason.

問題1選項

A.claims

B.prices

C.charges

D.demands

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在淡季，這家旅館的雙人間只需要50美元。

考查固定搭配。chargefor索價,要價。

4.單選題

Hemadea______speechthatcausedagreatdealofargument.

問題1選項

A.successful

B.provocative

C.touching

D.hostile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項successful“成功的；一帆風(fēng)順的”；B選項provocative“刺激的；挑撥的；煽動的”；C選項touching“動人的，令人同情的”；D選項hostile“敵對的；敵方的；懷敵意的”。句意：他做了一個……演講引起了一番爭論。根causedagreatdealofargument（引起大量的爭論）可推測B選項與其意思對應(yīng)正確，因此選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Intheletter,myfriendsaidthathewouldlovetohavemeasaguestinhis（）home.

問題1選項

A.humble

B.obscure

C.inferior

D.lower

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項humble“謙遜的，簡陋的”，B項obscure“昏暗的，晦澀的”，C項inferior“自卑的，下等的”，D項lower“下方的，下級的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞home（家，住宅）可知，空格處填入“簡陋的”最合適。句意：在信中，我的朋友說他很愿意我在他簡陋的家里做客。因此，該題A項正確。

6.單選題

Atfirst,shewasn’tused（

）andwouldfindexcuseforhermedicine.

問題1選項

A.tobecriticized

B.tocriticizing

C.tobeingcriticized

D.tocriticize

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語。句意：開始的時候她并不習(xí)慣（）會為了自己的藥找借口。這里批評是“她”被批評，所以要用被動語態(tài)，所以B、D排除；根據(jù)固定搭配beusedtodoingsth“習(xí)慣于做某事”，這里A選項排除；所以這里答案選C。

7.單選題

Intheseventeenthcentury,peoplebelievedthatmaggotscamefromdecayingthings.ButFrancescoRedi,ascientist,couldnotbelievethis.“Howcouldlivingthingscomefromdealthings?”heasked.Redibegantobelievethatallwormsfoundinthemeatwerederivedfromthedroppingsofflies,andnotfromthedecayingmeat.This,ofcourse,wasaguessandnotaconclusion.Scientistscallagoodguesslikethisa“workinghypothesis”becauseitgivesthescientistanideaofhowandwheretostarthiswork.

ThenRedibegantogatherandrecordfactstofindoutifhishypothesiswascorrect.Hedidthisbycarryingoutmanyexperiments,whichweredesignedtohelphimgetthefactsheneeded.

Redipreparedthreejarswithapieceofmeatineach.Heleftoneopen;anotherwascoveredwithcheesecloth;andthethirdwasairtight.Heobservednotonce,butmanytimes,thatthefliesflewtotheopenjarandlaidtheireggsonthemeat.

Theseeggshatchedintomaggots.Fliesalsoflewtothejarcoveredwithcheesecloth,althoughtheycouldnotgetintothejartolaytheireggsonthemeat.Fliesrarelyflewtotheairtightjar.Frommanysuchobservations,Rediconcludedthatmaggotscamefromflies’eggsandnotfromthemeat.

Rediwasnotsatisfiedwithdoingjustoneexperiment,Rather,heperformedthisexperimentmanytimesbeforearrivingathisconclusion.Inthism“”annerheeliminatedthepossibilitythathisresultswereduetochance(luck).

1.InhisexperimentRedileftonejaropen（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,anessentialpartofproperscientificexperimentalprocedureisto

（

）.

3.WhatwouldscientistRediprobablycommentonthetheorythatlifeonEarthevolvedfrombasicchemicalspresentintheEarth’sprimitiveatmosphereandseas?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thesignificancea“workinghypothesis”isthatit（

）.

問題1選項

A.becausehehadrunoutoflidsandcheesecloth

B.sothattheflieswouldhaveaccesstothemeat

C.accidentally

D.onlyonce

問題2選項

A.watcheverythingthathappenstolivingcreatures

B.ensurethatmanyvarietiesofasubstanceareused

C.varytheexperimentalconditionstoguaranteegoodresults

D.performnumeroustrialstoreducetheintrusionofrandomeffects

問題3選項

A.Thetheorywasver’reasonable.

B.Suchdevelopmentsarehighlyunlikely.

C.Othertheoriesofcreationwerepossible.

D.Moredataisneededtotestthetruthofthishypothesis.

問題4選項

A.givesthe“scientistsomething”toplaywithinhismind

B.providesamodelofthetrueuniverse

C.allowsusefulstructuringofexperiments

D.providesemploymentforscientists

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到第一段：“Redibegantobelievethatallwormsfoundinthemeatwerederivedfromthedroppingsofflies,andnotfromthedecayingmeat.及第三段“Heobservednotonce,butmanytimes,thatthefliesflewtotheopenjarandlaidtheireggsonthemeat.”Redi開始相信所有在肉中發(fā)現(xiàn)的蠕蟲都來自蒼蠅的糞便，而不是腐爛的肉。他不止一次，而是很多次地觀察到蒼蠅飛到打開的罐子里，在肉上產(chǎn)卵?！迸cB項相符。

2.判斷推理題。由第三段：Heobservednotonce,butmanytimes可知D項“進行多次嘗試來減少隨機效應(yīng)”正確。A項“觀察所有發(fā)生在生物身上的事情”；B項“確保使用多種物質(zhì)”；C項“改變實驗條件，保證實驗結(jié)果良好”；D項“進行大量試驗以減少隨機效應(yīng)的干擾”。

3.判斷推理題。由“ThenRedibegantogatherandrecordfactstofindoutifhishypothesiswascorrect.Hedidthisbycarryingoutmanyexperiments,whichweredesignedtohelphimgetthefactsheneeded.以及Rediwasnotsatisfiedwithdoingjustoneexperiment,Rather,heperformedthisexperimentmanytimesbeforearrivingathisconclusion.Inthismannerheeliminatedthepossibilitythathisresultswereduetochance(luck).然后，雷迪開始收集和記錄事實，以確定他的假設(shè)是否正確。他做了許多實驗，目的是幫助他得到他所需要的事實。以及雷迪并不滿足于做一個實驗，相反，他執(zhí)行這個實驗多次到達他的結(jié)論。他用這種方法消除了他的結(jié)果是由于偶然（運氣）的可能性?！笨芍猂edi是一個注重過程，注重事實的科學(xué)家。故答案為D。

4.判斷推理題。由第一段“Scientistscallagoodguesslikethisa“workinghypothesis”becauseitgivesthescientistanideaofhowandwheretostarthiswork.科學(xué)家們稱這樣的猜測為“有效假說”，因為它讓科學(xué)家知道如何以及從哪里開始工作。”可知A項“有效假說讓科學(xué)家知道該如何開始工作”符合題意。

8.翻譯題

直到不久前，韓國以外還很少有人知道“江南”這個位于首爾東南部的一個上流社區(qū)，這里的居民數(shù)量約占首爾人口總數(shù)的5%。然后，樸載相橫空出世。更具體地說，應(yīng)該是這位韓國流行歌手的單曲《江南Style》橫空出世。這首歌今年夏季在YouTube上紅透半邊天。整個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到處都是模仿它的視頻，從澳大利亞到秘魯都有以《江南Style》為主題的快閃活動；喝著燒酒簽下美國唱片合約，占據(jù)美國電視黃金時段；甚至還有人深入分析騎馬舞。但對于很多人來說，那個老問題仍然存在：“江南”到底是什么樣的？江南區(qū)不乏知名品牌，但要想找到高端、小眾的精品時裝店，可以去Cheongdam和Shinsa等街區(qū)。在這里你會找到前衛(wèi)的國際品牌概念商店，還有本土?xí)r裝大牌。這里的商店都價格不菲，但要像樸載相所說的那樣“穿得優(yōu)雅、舞得奔放”，就得花這個代價。奉恩寺(Bongeunsa)位于首爾江南區(qū)修道山上，是韓國歷史最悠久的寺廟之一。盡管在李氏王朝初期，儒家思想受到的推崇超過了佛教，但在16世紀中葉，在普雨(Bowoo)大禪師的指導(dǎo)下，奉恩寺作為韓國主要的禪宗佛教中心開始興旺起來。如果你想獲得一些點化，可以參加一個為期兩天的住寺活動，主要是一些修身養(yǎng)性的活動，比如齋飯、茶道和冥想等。

【答案】Untilrecently,fewpeopleoutsideofSouthKoreahadheardofGangnam,anupscaleneighborhoodinSeoul’ssoutheastthathousesroughly5%ofthecapital’spopulation.Then,asingernamedPsyhasmadethewholeworldamazing.

Morespecifically,theK-popmusician’s‘GangnamStyle’,whichwentviralonYouTubeoverthesummer.Videosof‘GangnamStyle’imitationshowcanbeseenallovertheinternet.‘GangnamStyle’flashmobsfromAustraliatoPeru.HavingsignedaUnitiedStatesrecorddealwithhisshochu;Psy’s‘GangnamStyle’dominatesAmericanTVprimetime.Andevendrawoutofanin-depthanalysesofthathorsedance.

Butformany,thequestionstillremains:WhatgoesoninGangnam,anyway?

There’sfullofbrandnamesinGangnam.Butforarangeofupscale,nicheboutiques,headtothedistrictsofCheongdamandShinsa.Thisiswhereyou’llfindfashion-forwardinternationalconceptstoresalongsidehome-grownhavensofchic.Storesherearen’tcheap,butthat’sthepriceyoupayto‘dressclassy,anddancecheesy,’asPsyputsit.

Bongeunsa,locatedinGangnamConventMountain,istheoldesttime-honoredtempleinSouthKorea.ThoughBuddhismwasmorepopularthanConfucianismearlyinLidynasty,undertheguidanceofBowoomaster,BongeunsabegantoprosperasSouthKorea’smainZenBuddhistCenterinthemid-16thcentury.

Ifyouwanttogetsomeenlightenment,youcantakepartinatwo-dayAbbotActivities,mainlyincludingself-cultivationactivities,suchasvegetarianfood,ateaceremonyandmeditation.

9.單選題

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“discovered”computersfirstasatoolforenhancingtheirbelovedmodelrailroadsandthenasobjectsofpassionintheirownright.TheyturnedtheirconsiderablecreativeenergiestothetaskofbuildingandprogrammingMIT'searlymainframesinuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistencewithformalemployeesoftheuniversity'stechnicalstaff.

Formidableprogrammers,thesehackersproducedanddebuggedcomputercodesatanastonishingrate.Theyhelpeddevelophardwareandsoftwareforexistingcomputerfunctionsandinventednovelalgorithmsandapplicationsthatwereincorporatedintosubsequentgenerationsofcomputers.Thesenovelfunctionsnotonlyextendedrecreationalcapabilities—gaming,virtualreality,anddigitizedmusic一butalsoincreasedpracticalcapabilitiessuchasthecontrolofrobotsandprocessingspeeds.Obsessiveworkalsoyieldedahostofbasicsystemsubroutinesandutilitiesthatpushedoperatingcapacitiesandefficiencytonewheights,andbecameafundamentalpartofwhatweexperienceeverytimewesitinfrontofacomputer.

Thisbookdescribeslegendaryhackingbinges—daysandnightswithlittleornosleep—leadingtoproductsthatsurprisedandsometimesannoyedcolleaguesinmainstreamacademicandresearchpositions.“Thepurehack”didnotrespectprescribedmethodsortheory-driven,top-downapproachestocomputerscienceandengineering.Theunconventionallifestyledidnotseemtoputoffadherents,eventhoughitcouldbeprettyunwholesome:adisregardforpatternsofnightandday,adietofjunk-food,inattentiontopersonalappearanceandhygiene,andthevirtualabsenceofanylifeoutsideofhacking.

Itwasnotonlysingle-mindedattachmenttotheircraftthatdefinedtheseearlybackersbuttheirespousalofanideologyinformallycalledthe“hackerethic.”Thiscreedincludedseveralelements:commitmenttototalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation,beliefinimmensepowersofcomputerstoimprovepeople'slivesandcreateartandbeauty,disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing,andaninsistencethathackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment.Inotherwords,thecultureofhackingincorporatedpoliticalandmoralvaluesaswellastechnicalends.

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?

問題1選項

A.ongoodterms

B.somewhatunsettled

C.hostile

D.tricky

問題2選項

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.

B.Hacker'seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.

問題3選項

A.unconventional

B.innovative

C.annoying

D.outofdate

問題4選項

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas______.1.20世紀50年代末，黑客團體和麻省理工學(xué)院管理部門之間的關(guān)系可以用______來描述。

A.ongoodtermsA.關(guān)系和睦的

B.somewhatunsettledB.有點不穩(wěn)定的

C.hostileC.敵對的

D.trickyD.非常微妙的

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“他們把大量的創(chuàng)造力投入到建造和編程MIT早期的大型機的任務(wù)中，與大學(xué)的技術(shù)人員在不穩(wěn)定但相對和睦的環(huán)境中共存（inuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistence）”，從中可知，20世紀50年代末，黑客團體和MIT之間的關(guān)系是相當(dāng)和睦的。A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B項“有點不穩(wěn)定的”在文中雖然提及，但并不是重點之處，屬于本末倒置；

C項“敵對的”與原文相反，反向干擾；

D項“非常微妙的”沒提及，無中生有。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?2.下面哪一項在這段話中是不正確的？

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.A.在黑客的幫助下，現(xiàn)有的計算機功能得到了改進。

B.Hacker’seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.B.黑客的努力在幾個方面幫助我們提高了計算機的性能。

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.C.在過去，黑客通常被認為是非法的。

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.D.黑客相信他們的技術(shù)成就是評價他們的唯一標準。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段首句“黑客從來都不是主流機構(gòu)的一部分，但他們目前作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間惡棍的名聲，與早期的情形相去甚遠，當(dāng)時，他們首先被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，能夠近乎奇跡般地完成非正統(tǒng)的機器操作壯舉。”，從中可知，在過去，黑客是被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，且技術(shù)精通；并且本文主要不是講黑客犯罪或其他黑歷史，而是講早前的黑客其實與現(xiàn)在大不同，C項“在過去，黑客通常被認為是非法的”與全文基調(diào)不符。故該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“在黑客的幫助下，現(xiàn)有的計算機功能得到了改進”和B項“黑客的努力在幾個方面幫助我們提高了計算機的性能”從原文第三段可以得知，第三段提到黑客幫助開發(fā)了用于現(xiàn)有計算機功能的硬件和軟件，并發(fā)明了新的算法和應(yīng)用程序，而且還擴展了計算機的許多功能，他們還將計算機操作能力和效率推到了新的高度，所以該兩項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項“黑客相信他們的技術(shù)成就是評價他們的唯一標準”根據(jù)末段倒數(shù)第二句“……他們堅信評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就（hackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，所以該項也符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis______.3.《黑客：計算機革命的英雄》中描述的黑客的生活方式是______。

A.unconventionalA.非常規(guī)的，非傳統(tǒng)的

B.innovativeB.創(chuàng)新的

C.annoyingC.令人討厭的

D.outofdateD.過時的

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“這種非傳統(tǒng)的生活方式（Theunconventionallifestyle）似乎并沒有讓追隨者們反感……”，從中可知，黑客的生活方式是非傳統(tǒng)的。A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B項“創(chuàng)新的”、C項“令人討厭的”和D項“過時的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?4.以下哪一項包含在黑客倫理中？

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.A.克服阻礙前進的困難的堅強意志。

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.B.致力于免費獲取信息。

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.C.專注于提高他們的技藝。

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.D.創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hackerethic定位至最后一段第二句“這個信條包括幾個要素：承諾免費使用電腦和信息（totalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation），相信計算機的巨大力量（beliefinimmensepowersofcomputers）可以改善人們的生活以及創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美麗，蔑視針對自由訪問計算而設(shè)置的障礙（disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing），和堅持評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就（insistencethathackersbeevaluatedbyothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，從中可知，B項“致力于免費獲取信息”是包含在黑客倫理里面的。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“克服阻礙前進的困難的堅強意志”原文沒有提及，無中生有；

C項“專注于提高他們的技藝”，原文是堅持評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就，并沒有說明他們要專注于提高技藝，曲解原文；

D項“創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量”，原文是“計算機的巨大力量（immensepowersofcomputers）”，并不是藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量，屬于曲解原文。

10.單選題

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite___asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

問題1選項

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respectable

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的（表示對……的尊重）”；B選項respected“受尊敬的（受到……的尊敬，語氣程度最深）”；C選項respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相當(dāng)數(shù)量的（被社會接受的，好的或正確的）”；D選項suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的”。句意：鄰居們認為他不太___，因為大多數(shù)晚上他都會用醉醺醺的歌聲把他們吵醒。本句表達“鄰居認為他不太值得尊敬”，不太被鄰居接受，因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

Itiscrucialthatabroadsetofpeople-notjusttechnologistsorthosewhohappentobeinthecomputerindustry（）inthedebateabouthowthistechnologyshouldbeshaped.

問題1選項

A.compensate

B.saturate

C.motivate

D.participate

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。compensate“賠償，補償”；saturate“浸透，使?jié)裢浮保籱otivate“刺激，使有動機”；participatein“參加”。句意：重要的是要有一大群人而不僅僅技術(shù)員或那些碰巧在計算機領(lǐng)域工作的人參與到這項技術(shù)該如何發(fā)展的討論中來。D項能與介詞in搭配，且符合句意。

12.填空題

The18th-centuryGeneva-bornphilosopherJeanJacquesRousseaupromoteda(n)________viewofeducationthatemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualself-expression.(influence)

【答案】influential

【解析】【考查點】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前的a(n)和橫線后的view，可知橫線處為形容詞，用來形容view。influential的意思為“有很大影響的”，符合語境，指的是盧梭的教育觀對世界影響很大。

【句意】18世紀日內(nèi)瓦出生的哲學(xué)家盧梭提出了一種有影響力的教育觀，即強調(diào)個人自我表達的重要性。

13.單選題

Thegirlwas（

）ashopassistant;sheisnowamanagerinalargedepartment.

問題1選項

A.preliminarily

B.presumably

C.formally

D.formerly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。Preliminarily“初步地”；presumably“大概，推測起來”；formally“正式地”；formerly“以前，原來”。句意：這個女孩之前是商店的助理，現(xiàn)在是一個大部門的經(jīng)理。選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

Studentswhodon’tworkhardwillface（）prospectsinthefuture.

問題1選項

A.meager

B.rare

C.bleak

D.slight

【答案】C

【解析】meager貧乏的，瘦的；rare稀少的；bleak慘淡的，無希望的；slight輕微的，少量的。能與prospects搭配且符合句意的只有選項C。指前途慘淡的，無希望的。

15.填空題

Directions:CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingthegivenpartsinChineseintoEnglish.

81.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication_______________________.

（因為廣告商要為宣傳的廣告信息付錢）

82._______________________________________onthegroundsthathemightlearnbadhabits.

（禁止他在外面閑逛）

83._________________________________,butbecausetherewassomethingwrongwiththebus.

（我來晚了不是因為交通堵塞）

84.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrol,_________________________________________.

（我們很遺憾地通知顧客商店提前關(guān)門）

85.Theboss________________________________trythebestofhisemployeesbythreatening.

（應(yīng)該知道不應(yīng)該）

【答案】81.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationbecauseadvertisershavetopayfortheadvertisinginformation.

82.Heisforbiddentohangoutonthegroundsthathemightlearnbadhabits.

83.Itwasn’tbecauseofthetrafficjamthatIwaslate,butbecausetherewassomethingwrongwiththebus.

84.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrol,weregrettoinformourcustomersthatthestoreisclosingearly.

85.Thebossshouldhaveknownthatheoughtnottotrythebestofhisemployeesbythreatening.

16.單選題

TheyhaveleftNewYork（

）good;they’llnevergobackandlivethereagain.

問題1選項

A.by

B.at

C.for

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他們永遠離開了紐約，再也不回去住了。

固定搭配。Forgood永遠。

17.單選題

Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,particularlysomeoftheirspecializedbranches.

問題1選項

A.conventionally

B.obviously

C.inevitably

D.especially

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項conventionally“通?！保籅選項obviously“明顯地”；C選項inevitably“不可避免地”；D選項especially“尤其”。句意：醫(yī)學(xué)依賴于其他領(lǐng)域的基本信息，特別是某些領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)信息分支。表達的是“特別”的意思，因此D選項符合題意。

18.單選題

Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa(n)________infemalebreadwinners.

問題1選項

A.raise

B.rise

C.arise

D.increase

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。由前后得知空白處需要填一個可數(shù)名詞。作名詞時，raise“提高，升”，表示某事物升了級別；rise“上升，增加”通常指數(shù)量增加或水平提高，為不可數(shù)名詞；arise沒有名詞用法；increase“增加，增加額”，指大小和強度增加。句意：新的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，因為家庭中掙錢女性人數(shù)的增加，去年全職爸爸的數(shù)量達到了歷史新高。因此只有D選項符合題意。

19.單選題

ThenameofFlorenceNightingalelivesinthememoryoftheworldbyvirtueoftheheroicadventureoftheCrimea.Hadshedied—asshenearlydid—uponherreturntoEngland,herreputationwouldhardlyhavebeendifferent；herlegendwouldhavecomedowntousalmostasweknowittoday—thatgentlevisionoffemalevirtuewhichfirsttookshapebeforetheadoringeyesofthesicksoldiersatScutari.Yet,asamatteroffact,shelivedformorethanhalfacenturyaftertheCrimeanWar；andduringthegreaterpartofthatlongperiodalltheenergyandallthedevotionofherextraordinarynaturewereworkingattheirhighestpitch.Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknownlaborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanherCrimeantriumphs；butitwascertainlymoreimportant.Thetruehistorywasfarstrangereventhanthemyth.InMissNightingale’sowneyestheadventureoftheCrimeawasamereincident—scarcelymorethanausefulstepping-stoneinhercareer.Itwasthefulcrumwithwhichshehopedtomovetheworld；butitwasonlythefulcrum.Formorethanagenerationshewastositinsecret,workingherlever:andherreallifebeganattheverymomentwhen,inpopularimagination,ithadended.

ShearrivedinEnglandinashatteredstateofhealth.Thehardshipsandtheceaselesseffortsofthelasttwoyearshadunderminedhernervoussystem；herheartwasaffected；shesufferedconstantlyfromfainting-fitsandterribleattacksofutterphysicalprostration.Thedoctorsdeclaredthatonethingalonewouldsaveher—acompleteandprolongedrest.Butthatwasalsotheonethingwithwhichshewouldhavenothingtodo.Shehadneverbeeninthehabitofresting；whyshouldshebeginnow?Now,whenheropportunityhadcomeatlast；now,whentheironwashot,anditwastimetostrike?No；shehadworktodo；and,comewhatmight,shewoulddoit.Thedoctorsprotestedinvain；invainherfamilylamentedandentreated,invainherfriendspointedouttoherthemadnessofsuchacourse.Madness?Mad—possessed—perhapsshewas.Afrenzyhadseizeduponher.Asshelayuponhersofa,gasping,shedevouredblue-books,dictatedletters,and,intheintervalsofherpalpitations,crackedjokes.Formonthsatastretchsheneverleftherbed.Butshewouldnotrest.Atthisrate,thedoctorsassuredher,evenifshedidnotdie,shewouldbecomeaninvalidforlife.Shecouldnothelpthat；therewasworktobedone；and,asforrest,verylikelyshemightrest...whenshehaddoneit.

Wherevershewent,toLondonorinthecountry,inthehillsofDerbyshire,oramongtherhododendronsatEmbley,shewashauntedbyaghost.ItwasthespecterofScutari—thehideousvisionoftheorganizationofamilitaryhospital.Shewouldlaythatphantom,orshewouldperish.ThewholesystemoftheArmyMedicalDepartment,theeducationoftheMedicalOfficer,theregulationsofhospitalprocedure...rest?Howcouldsherestwhilethesethingswereastheywere,while,ifthelikenecessityweretoariseagain,thelikeresultswouldfollow?And,eveninpeaceandathome,whatwasthesanitaryconditionoftheArmy?Themortalityinthebarracks,was,shefound,nearlydoublethemortalityincivillife.“Youmightaswelltake1,100meneveryyearoutuponSalisburyPlainandshootthem，”shesaid.AfterinspectingthehospitalsatChatham,shesmiledgrimly.“Yes，thisisonemoresymptomofthesystemwhich,intheCrimea,puttodeath16,000men.”Scutarihadgivenherknowledge；andithadgivenherpowertoo:herenormousreputationwasatherback—anincalculableforce.Otherwork,otherduties,mightliebeforeher；butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolooktothehealthoftheArmy.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theworkdoneduringthelastfiftyyearsofFlorenceNightingale’slifewas，whencomparedwithherworkintheCrimea,allofthefollowingexcept（）.

2.Paragraph2paintsapictureofawomanwhois（）.

3.TheprimarypurposeofParagraph3isto（）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetohismaterialis（）.

5.Inherstatement(Paragraph3,Sentence8)MissNightingaleintendedto（）.

問題1選項

A.lessdramatic

B.lessdemanding

C.lesswell-knowntothepublic

D.moreimportant

問題2選項

A.mentallyshattered

B.stubbornandquerulous

C.physicallyweakbutmentallyindomitable

D.purposefulyettiresome

問題3選項

A.accountforconditionsinthearmy

B.showtheneedforhospitalreform

C.explainMissNightingale’smainconcerns

D.arguethatpeacetimeconditionswereworsethanwartimeconditions

問題4選項

A.disinterestedreportingofbiographicaldetails

B.over-inflationofareputation

C.debunkingamyth

D.interpretationaswellasnarration

問題5選項

A.criticizetheconditionsinhospitals

B.highlighttheunhealthyconditionsunderwhichordinarysoldierswereliving

C.provethatconditionsinthebarrackswereasbadasthoseinamilitaryhospital

D.ridiculethedangersofarmylife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:南丁格爾女士后五十年的工作，作者認為是費盡心力的，選項Blessdemanding顯然是錯誤的；作者用legend來形容南丁格爾后來在克里米亞的經(jīng)歷，Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknownlaborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanherCrimeantriumphs;butitwascertainlymoreimportant,雖然不那么廣為人知，但是卻更為重要。選項B符合題意。

第2題:文章第二段第二句提到南丁格爾女士的身體狀況：underminedhernervoussystem,herheartwasaffected,fainting-fits,physicalprostration，這都說明她的身體是虛弱的，但是她卻依然不忘記工作，顯然她的精神依然沒被擊垮，選項C符合題意。

第3題:文章第三段主要講述了南丁格爾女士對軍隊醫(yī)療條件的擔(dān)憂，選項C符合題意。

第4題:作者講述了南丁格爾女士在克里米亞戰(zhàn)后的生活，整篇文章都是對主人公的贊美，但并沒有吹捧，選項B排除；選項A與C是否定意味，排除，所以選項D符合題意。

第5題:南丁格爾關(guān)注的是軍隊的醫(yī)療條件，最后一段最后一句話butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolooktothehealthoftheArmy，她認為最迫切的問題就是去救助軍隊里的生命，所以選項B符合題意，她是為了指出普通士兵所生活的不衛(wèi)生的環(huán)境。

20.單選題

Itisnoticedthattherehadaperceptiblechangeinhisbehaviorlately.

問題1選項

A.pessimistic

B.perceivable

C.persistent

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:值得注意的是，最近他的行為出現(xiàn)明顯變化。

pessimistic:悲觀的。perceivable:可感知的。persistent:執(zhí)著的，堅持的。perpetual:永久的，不斷的。perceptible:可察覺的，可感知的,看得出的。故B符合句意。

21.單選題

Manyyoungpeopleinvolvedinforcedmarriageshavetofacea（）,thatis,theylovetheirparentsbuttheyalsowanttopursuetruelove.

問題1選項

A.dilemma

B.confrontation

C.doctrine

D.conflict

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項dilemma“進退兩難”，B選項confrontation“爭執(zhí)，對抗”，C選項doctrine“教義，學(xué)說，信條”，D選項conflict“爭執(zhí)，分歧”，句意:許多卷入逼婚的年輕人不得不面對一個兩難的境地，即他們愛父母，但也想追求真愛。因此，A選項符合句意。

22.不定項選擇題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or―independentlyofanycourse―simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepicture