Grammar定語從句句子成分簡析:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語（賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)）一個(gè)句子可以沒有主語，但必須有謂語。沒謂語不是句子。Vt./prep./adj.+賓語Be/link-v+表語定語修飾名詞、代詞狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、或句子Wemademechairman.賓補(bǔ)Hewasmadechairman.主補(bǔ)句子做定語叫做定語從句（修飾主語、賓語、表語）。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：定語從句關(guān)系代詞：who,

whomwhose,

which,that

關(guān)系副詞：when,

where，why定語從句的判定：必須有主句，然后主句中某個(gè)名詞或代詞帶定語從句。

先行詞在定語從句中一定可以替代關(guān)系詞并做成分。（被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。）---可使用代入法來確定關(guān)系詞----如果不能替代，則是同位語從句。whom指人,在從句中作賓語,可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman

(whom)

wesawattheBeijingHotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.

Thegirl

(whom)Icalledjustnow

isfromAmerica.

which指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時(shí)可以省略。

e.g.I’mnotinterestedinthebook

which

hasjustbeenpublished.

that指人或物，在從句中做主語或賓語,作賓語時(shí)可以省略。ThehousethatI’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.

They’retalkingaboutthefilm(that)I’veseen.

※只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞或修飾先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

c)先行詞有theonly,thevery,justthe,thelast修飾時(shí)，只用that。

d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用

that。.

e)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

所需的只是供油問題。

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.

g)先行詞在從句中作表語時(shí),限制性定語從句通常用that引導(dǎo)。(?？墒÷?eg.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1）when,where,why

關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.

Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？※2)當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場合）Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks.※

3)當(dāng)thefirsttime/thesecondtime/lasttime/everytime/eachtime作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.

例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone

例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone

答案：例1D，例2A

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.

例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.限制性和非限制性定語從句

1)定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開，例如：

Thisisthehousewhich/thatweboughtlastmonth.

這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性）

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）2.)當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.

查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.

我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.這本小說很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when和where互換。

ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?

Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?as,which非限定性定語從句

由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As可放在句首，which只能在句中。

Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1)Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.

(Whoever

可以用anyonewho

代替)

2)Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.

(what可以用allthat代替)what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

1）what=thethingwhich；whatever=anything

Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.

Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.

2)who=thepersonthat

whoever=anyonewho

（錯(cuò)）Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished.

（錯(cuò)）Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear.

（對）Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.

（對）Whorobbedthebankisnotclear.

必須注意的問題（1）關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí)，從句中謂語的數(shù)。（2）注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。①定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。②強(qiáng)調(diào)it無意義，that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞。③強(qiáng)調(diào)itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定語從句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。①定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語。有時(shí)可省略。②同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位語)Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheirs.(定語)（4）關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。①關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時(shí)。②關(guān)系詞作表語。（5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。（6）關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which或whom。（7）幾個(gè)特殊的定語從句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.（句中one為先行詞）Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.（句中students為先行詞）②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.※1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoosethebestanswers:※

7.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose____intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew.8.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,

____

wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it※10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows;mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedfortenyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which11.Heisoneofthestudents______neverlateforschool.A.whoisB.whoareC.thatisD.whomare12.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents_____neverlateforschool.A.whoisB.whoareC.thatareD.whomis

13.Isthisschool_____wearegoingtovisittoday?A.whereB.whichC.theoneD.there14.Isthistheschool____wearegoingtovisittoday?

A.whereB.whichC.theoneD.there15.Thisistheschool____wevisitedyesterday.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich16.Itistheschool___westudiedtogetherinthepast.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.atwhich17.Ididn’tknowthereason____hewaslate.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.forthat

※18.Thereason_____hetoldyouisnottrue.A.thatB.forwhichC.whyD.forthat19.Iboughtahouse____windowsfacesouth.20.Iboughtahouse____thewindowsfacesouth.21.Iboughtahouse,thewindow___facesouth.

A.whoseB.ofwhomC.ofwhichD.whichACC※22.Thestreet______istotheparkisverynarrow.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.what23.Thisistheroom__welistenedtothelecture.A.whichB.whereC.atwhichD.that

BB※24.Heissuchakindperson____isrespectedbyallofus.25.Heissuchakindperson____heisrespectedbyallofus.26.Itisthesamepen___Ilostyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.as※27.___isknowntous