書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海海事大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Environmentalissuesraiseahostofdifficultethicalquestions,includingtheancientoneofthenatureofintrinsicvalue.Whereasmanyphilosophersinthepasthaveagreedthathumanexperienceshaveintrinsicvalueandtheutilitariansatleasthavealwaysacceptedthatthepleasuresandpainsofnonhumananimalsareofsomeintrinsicsignificance,thisdoesnotshowwhyitissobadifdodosbecomeextinctorarainforestiscutdown.Arethesethingstoberegrettedonlybecauseofthelosstohumansorothersentientcreatures?Oristheremoretoitthanthat?Somephilosophersarenowpreparedtodefendtheviewthattrees,rivers,species(consideredapartfromtheindividualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.

Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Forwecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.

Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimumpopulation?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Weowenothingtothefuturegenerations（）.

3.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation（）.

5.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiences

B.theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimals

C.theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawhole

D.anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.intheauthor’sopinion

B.fromasocialcontractviewofethics

C.forautilitarian

D.formostenvironmentalists

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.complex

D.reasonable

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible

B.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossible

C.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefuture

D.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AMysteryinAppliedEthics

B.OurObligationstoFutureGenerations

C.EnvironmentalEthics

D.Environmentalissues

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：第一段主要是關(guān)于_______。A選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)經(jīng)歷的內(nèi)在價(jià)值”，B選項(xiàng)“非人類(lèi)動(dòng)物經(jīng)歷的內(nèi)在價(jià)值”，C選項(xiàng)“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)作為一個(gè)整體的內(nèi)在價(jià)值”，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)關(guān)于內(nèi)在價(jià)值本質(zhì)的古老倫理問(wèn)題”,前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)在第一段中都有提到，但并不是主要問(wèn)題的所在，而第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，在第二句話(huà)中就點(diǎn)了出來(lái)，前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)是第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的展開(kāi)說(shuō)明，故D是正確答案。

2.推理判斷題。題干：我們不欠后代任何東西________。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“oweto”“futuregenerations”可以定位到文章第二段第三句話(huà)Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.（從倫理學(xué)的社會(huì)契約觀點(diǎn)或道德自我主義者的角度來(lái)看，答案似乎是：什么都不虧欠。），可知，B選項(xiàng)“倫理學(xué)的社會(huì)契約觀點(diǎn)”，是正確的。文章并沒(méi)有提及作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，所以A選項(xiàng)“在作者的觀點(diǎn)看來(lái)”排除。從文章第二段第五句話(huà)Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown.（然而，其他大多數(shù)倫理理論確實(shí)考慮到了后代的利益。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，功利主義者不會(huì)認(rèn)為，后代成員還不存在這一事實(shí)，是我們對(duì)后代利益的考慮少于我們對(duì)自己利益考慮的任何理由。），所以C選項(xiàng)“功利主義者”排除。環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者也認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該為后代考慮，所以D選線(xiàn)項(xiàng)“環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者”排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：我們采取的人口政策被認(rèn)為是_______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“populationpolicy”可以定位到文章第三段，第一句話(huà)明確指出Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however（然而，問(wèn)題會(huì)變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜），所以本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：根據(jù)文章，最適宜的人口數(shù)量_________。文章第三段后半部分提出了最合適的人口數(shù)量的問(wèn)題。用兩個(gè)問(wèn)句提出對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的兩種可能的答案，即Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?(是在人口規(guī)模上，平均福利水平會(huì)盡可能高嗎？或者是總福利的規(guī)模——平均乘以人口的數(shù)量——盡可能大？)，并在結(jié)尾的最后一句話(huà)中指出，andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.（這一問(wèn)題仍是應(yīng)用倫理學(xué)中最令人不解的謎之一。），其意就是仍有待于將來(lái)解決，所以C選項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)只能留到將來(lái)解決哲學(xué)問(wèn)題”是正確答案。A選項(xiàng)“最適宜的人口數(shù)量指平均福利水平盡可能高的人口規(guī)?！保珺選項(xiàng)“最適宜的人口數(shù)量指福利總額最大的人口規(guī)?！保珹，B選項(xiàng)都是文章提出的問(wèn)題，未被證實(shí)，所以不正確，D選項(xiàng)“最適宜的人口數(shù)量是一個(gè)困難的哲學(xué)問(wèn)題，德里克?帕菲特在《理性與人》中成功地解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題”德里克?帕菲特只是在書(shū)中提到Whatisoptimumpopulation?但是并沒(méi)有解決，所以D選項(xiàng)不正確，綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。題干：最適合文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是________。本文主要討論的并不是環(huán)境問(wèn)題，而是由環(huán)境問(wèn)題而引出的道德問(wèn)題，A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用道德中的謎”是最后一段提到的，B選項(xiàng)是“我們對(duì)下一代的責(zé)任”是第二段提到的，二者都不足以代表整篇文章的思想內(nèi)容。所以本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境倫理”。

2.單選題

Fiveminutesearlier,（

）wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.but

C.and

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:早來(lái)五分鐘的話(huà),我們就能趕上末班車(chē)了。

連詞辨析。前后句意為順承關(guān)系。C項(xiàng)and為順承關(guān)系連詞。故選C。

3.單選題

Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.Thereallybigquestion,however,iswhetherthisisjustacyclicalblip,orthestartofatrulyhistoriclong-termtrend.

BothviewpointswillhavetheirsupportersinDavos.ThosewhopredictthecontinuingdominanceofthewesternworldwillarguethattheUSeconomyisalreadybeginningtorecoverandthatithasconsistentlysurprisedskepticswithitstechnologicalprowessandeconomicresilience.

AsforEurope,somebelievethattheeurozonecrisishasalreadypeaked.Theyarguethatmarketconfidenceisreturning,thattheGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealthandthattheEuropeanUnionisbeginningtoputinplacethereformsthatwillmakeEUmoreresilientandunifiedinfuture.

Optimismaboutwesternstrengthisoftencombinedwithcertainskepticismaboutthe"Asianmiracle".TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.SessionsonIndiawillhearcautionsabouteverythingfromcorruptiontowatershortageandarmedrebellionsinthecountryside.

Ingeneral,however,optimismaboutAsiaandpessimismaboutthewestislikelytobetheprevailingmood.EventhoughtheUSeconomyisnowgrowing,anapparentbudgetdeficitandarisingnational'debtpresentapictureofbotheconomicandpoliticalweakness.Similarly,thethreatofsovereign-debtcrisescontinuestohoverovertheEU—anditspoliticalresponsehassofarbeenanythingbutconvincing.

Theconventionalwisdomisthataprofoundshiftofeconomicandpoliticalpowerfromwesttoeastisindeedunderway.Thenextquestioniswhetherthetransitionwillbesmoothorturbulent.

Onceagain,bothsidesoftheargumentwillbeaired.Theoptimistswillarguethattheworldisalreadymovingtowardsanewphaseinthestoryofglobalization.TheybelievethatUSangeraboutallegedChinesecurrencymanipulationandmercantilismwillbeblunted,asChinaallowsitscurrencytoappreciateandastheChinesecomermarketbeanstofulfillitspotential.TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.Accordingtotheoptimisticscenario,thewesternworldwillabandonanyflirtationwithprotectionism,asitincreasinglyrealizesthatthegrowthmarketsforthewest'slargecompanieslieincountriessuchasChina,IndiaandBrazil.ThecurrentsurgeinEuropeancarsalestoChinacouldbecitedasanencouragingexampleofthistrend.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.ThethemeoftheDavosEconomicForumwouldbe（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheGermaneconomyis（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedasadragonChina'seconomicgrowthinthepassage?

5.TheChina-USrelationshipwillbeaverychallengingonebecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.currentproblemsinworld'seconomicrecovery

B.therestructuringofworldeconomyinthepost-crisisera

C.continueddominanceofthewestintheworldeconomy

D.theneedtoaddressthelatestdevelopmentsintheworldeconomy

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.inverygoodshape

B.recoveringgradually

C.experiencingsomeproblems

D.undergoingreforms

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ageingpopulation

B.highinflation

C.resourceshortages

D.China-USrelations

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itishardtobalancethedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowers

B.itembodiesalltheproblemsbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers

C.itispartofthestoryofglobalization

D.theUSisangryaboutChina'seconomicandfinancialpractices

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.作者態(tài)度題。縱觀全文，作者在文章中只是客觀地講述和分析了世界各國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治情況，作者并沒(méi)有過(guò)多的發(fā)表自己的個(gè)人看法，所以在討論文章中的一些問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該是中立的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知隨著全球政治和商業(yè)精英齊聚達(dá)沃斯，占主導(dǎo)地位的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治趨勢(shì)是明顯的。在大蕭條之后，西方和亞洲強(qiáng)國(guó)的不同命運(yùn)已成為一個(gè)重要的主題。接下來(lái)的文章講述了不同國(guó)家的發(fā)展情況及整個(gè)世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)?？赏茢喑鏊闹黝}應(yīng)該是危機(jī)過(guò)后世界經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“theGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealth”，可知作為歐元區(qū)核心的德國(guó)，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況是好的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.”，可知中國(guó)不斷上升的通脹，以及環(huán)境惡化和社會(huì)老齡化對(duì)中國(guó)構(gòu)成的長(zhǎng)期風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。所以中美關(guān)系在文中沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知在大蕭條之后，西方和亞洲強(qiáng)國(guó)的不同命運(yùn)已成為一個(gè)重要的主題。即西方和亞洲強(qiáng)國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力存在差異。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.”，可知中美關(guān)系被視為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與新興大國(guó)之間新關(guān)系的縮影。即中美之間的關(guān)系反映了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與新興國(guó)家之間的財(cái)富差距?？赏茢喑鲋忻狸P(guān)系具有挑戰(zhàn)性的原因在于很難平衡西方和亞洲強(qiáng)國(guó)的發(fā)展差距。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.由于沒(méi)有具體證據(jù)可供利用，為探尋戲劇的起源，人們首先只能憑推測(cè)。

2.對(duì)于很多人而言，羅馬至多不過(guò)是對(duì)希臘更大規(guī)模地模仿和延續(xù)，希臘是發(fā)明者，而羅馬則是研究和發(fā)展的分支。

3.大多數(shù)時(shí)候，僅僅是因?yàn)闊o(wú)法核實(shí)身份，這些惹是生非的個(gè)體躲在一個(gè)個(gè)假名字后面，保護(hù)自己不受其行為的影響。

4.園林不只是房屋的補(bǔ)充。園林滿(mǎn)足了更高層次的生活需求，而這種功能只有藝術(shù)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

5.更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)，也有人認(rèn)為這個(gè)問(wèn)題與樂(lè)觀與悲觀的爭(zhēng)論無(wú)關(guān)，我們必須轉(zhuǎn)變看待和思考問(wèn)題的方式。

【答案】1.Peoplecanonlyrelyonspeculationforexploringtheoriginofdramabecausethereisnoanyspecificevidenceavailableforuse.

2.Formanypeople,Romeatmostisnothingmorethanalarge-scaleimitationandcontinuationofGreece.GreeceistheinventorwhileRomeisabranchofresearchanddevelopment.

3.Mostofthetime,justbecauseidentitiescannotbeverified,thesetroublemakershidebehindfakenamestoprotectthemselvesfrombeingaffectedtheiractions.

4.Agardensismorethanacomplementtoahouses.Gardensmeettheneedsofahigherleveloflife,andthisfunctioncanonlyberealizedbyart.

5.Furthermore,somepeoplethinkthatthisissuehasnothingtodowiththedebateonoptimismandpessimism.Wemustchangethewayofviewingandponderingaproblem.

5.單選題

Asmyexamsarecomingnextweek,I’lltakeadvantageoftheweekendto（

）onsomereading.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.catchup

B.clearup

C.makeup

D.pickup

【答案】D

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:下周就要考試了，我要利用周末時(shí)間好好看看書(shū)。

catchupon彌補(bǔ)不足、吸收，精通;clearup收拾，整理;makeup偽造，化妝;pickup提高（速度），加快（節(jié)奏）。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Inflationisaneconomicconditionin（1）pricesforconsumergoods（2）andthe（3）ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（4）awarorcarry（5）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（6）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（7）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto（8）thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（9）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.（10）peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods(11televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.

Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（12）demand.（13）,ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh—（14）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworks'wages（15）to（16）thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe（17）.（18）summary,allofthesecausescan（19）inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,（20）governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.this

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.raise

B.increase

C.decrease

D.lower

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.price

B.cost

C.value

D.spending

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.pay

B.offer

C.fight

D.finance

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.off

C.on

D.out

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.offset

B.compensate

C.exchange

D.accomplish

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.extend

B.expand

C.spend

D.explore

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.meet

B.respond

C.spend

D.return

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.automatically

B.exceedingly

C.timely

D.excessively

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.Forfearthat

B.Whether

C.If

D.Though

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.like

C.as

D.except

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.satisfy

C.plenty

D.comply

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Furthermore

B.Otherwise

C.Nevertheless

D.However

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.interesting

B.uninteresting

C.interested

D.interest

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.beincreased

B.increased

C.shouldincrease

D.increase

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.protest

B.restrict

C.impose

D.cover

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.controller

B.manager

C.consumer

D.employer

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.By

B.At

C.On

D.In

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.create

B.invent

C.result

D.discover

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.productive

B.insufficient

C.excessive

D.processing

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:D

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處缺少一個(gè)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是economiccondition，介詞后面的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞不能用that，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推斷空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與decrease相反，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)并列連詞or可知其前后的內(nèi)容是相近的，因此the____ofmoney應(yīng)該與purchasingpower意思相近，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。pay“支付”；offer“提供”；fight“與……打仗”;finance“負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)費(fèi)”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney（花更多的錢(qián)），可知前面是花錢(qián)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)上，因此financeawar符合題意。

5.考查詞組辨析。carryaway“運(yùn)走，使失去自制力”;carryoff“奪去，奪得”；carryon“繼續(xù)，參與”；carryout“實(shí)施”。與socialprogram搭配的動(dòng)詞詞組是carryout，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。offset“抵消；補(bǔ)償”;compensate“補(bǔ)償，賠償”；exchange“交換”；accomplish“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”。offsetdeficit“彌補(bǔ)財(cái)政赤字”為固定搭配，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。extend“延伸”；expand“擴(kuò)張”；spend“度過(guò)，花費(fèi)”；explore“探索”。根據(jù)后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在擴(kuò)大紙幣供應(yīng)，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“償清債務(wù)”的固定搭配，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。automatically“自動(dòng)地”；exceedingly“非常；極其”；timely“及時(shí)地”；excessively“過(guò)分地”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵贺泿殴?yīng)量的增加將會(huì)導(dǎo)致貨幣價(jià)值自動(dòng)下降。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)后面的主句theywillrunout…，主句使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)可知空格處所在的分句是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.考查介詞詞義辨析。televisionandcomputers屬于populargoods，前者是對(duì)后者具體的舉例說(shuō)明，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.考查詞義辨析。supply“供給，提供”；satisfy“滿(mǎn)足，說(shuō)服”；plenty“足夠的”；comply“遵守，遵從”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工廠會(huì)以更高的價(jià)格生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品”，to表目的，“為了滿(mǎn)足需求”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup（如果人們認(rèn)為快銷(xiāo)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格正在上漲），可知與前句是一個(gè)遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。demand后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)一般要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省略；此外，workswages與動(dòng)詞increase之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此要用被動(dòng)式，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付費(fèi)用”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。controller“控制器”；manager“經(jīng)理，管理人員”；consumer“消費(fèi)者，用戶(hù)”；employer“老板，雇主”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵荷a(chǎn)方為滿(mǎn)足要求會(huì)將生產(chǎn)成本加在消費(fèi)者身上，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起來(lái)，總之”是固定用法，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems（所有這些因素都可能導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹問(wèn)題），四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A與C都有“導(dǎo)致”的意思，但是result通常與介詞in連用，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.考查詞義辨析。productive“能生產(chǎn)的”；insufficient“不足的”；excessive“過(guò)多的”；processing“加工”。文章講述了導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹的三個(gè)因素，第二段第二句話(huà)Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending，由此可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Weexpecthimto（

）hispromise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.carryoff

B.carryout

C.carrythrough

D.carryabout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們希望他能夠履行諾言。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。carryoff奪去，獲得;carryout貫徹,執(zhí)行;carrythrough貫徹,完成;carryabout隨身攜帶。故B符合句意。

8.單選題

Theoverwhelmingmajorityofpeasantcommunicationswereoralinnatureinasocietythatwasstilllargely______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explicit

B.contradictory

C.illiterate

D.momentous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)explicit“（說(shuō)話(huà)）清晰的，明確的”；B選項(xiàng)contradictory“相互矛盾的”；C選項(xiàng)illiterate“文盲的，不識(shí)字的”；D選項(xiàng)momentous“關(guān)鍵的，重要的”。句意：絕大多數(shù)的農(nóng)民交流都是口頭的，當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)很大程度上是______。在當(dāng)時(shí)那個(gè)社會(huì)，大多數(shù)農(nóng)民用口頭交流，而不用文字，C選項(xiàng)illiterate“文盲的，不識(shí)字的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

AlltheplanetsinthesolarsystemexceptMercuryandVenushavenaturalsatellites,（）objectsthatrevolvearoundtheplanets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.ofwhich

C.whichare

D.andwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。后面的從句中缺少主謂，故C項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：太陽(yáng)系中除水星和金星外的所有行星都有天然衛(wèi)星，它們是那些圍繞行星旋轉(zhuǎn)的物體。

10.單選題

Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat（）byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.been

C.be

D.being

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題——考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。前半句“Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth”已經(jīng)是個(gè)完整的句子，后半句沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，所以不可能再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，排除A和C，而“小麥”和be之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞being。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)是這個(gè)國(guó)家財(cái)富的主要來(lái)源，小麥?zhǔn)瞧駷橹棺畲蟮墓阮?lèi)作物。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.翻譯題

中國(guó)人最懂得消遣。中國(guó)人從前的讀書(shū)人，閑暇時(shí)間以琴棋書(shū)畫(huà)作為消遣。在中國(guó)人看來(lái)，藝術(shù)品的好壞，意味著作者人格的高低，所以彈琴、下棋、寫(xiě)字和繪畫(huà)，都代表了一個(gè)人的修養(yǎng)。彈琴不是要做音樂(lè)家，而是隨著美妙的琴聲，進(jìn)入一個(gè)遼闊的世界，凈化自己的心靈。

【答案】TheChinesehavethebestpastime.Inthepast,Chinesescholarsusedtoplaythepiano,chess,calligraphyandpaintingintheirsparetime.IntheeyesofTheChinesepeople,thequalityofworksofartmeanstheleveloftheauthor’spersonality,soplayingthepiano,playingchess,writingandpaintingallrepresentaperson’scultivation.Playingthepianoisnottobeamusician,butwiththewonderfulsound,intoavastworld,purifytheirownmind.

12.單選題

Theconceptofthepatient[A]asfirstandforemostanindividualwillbereplacedbyageneric“patient”[B]whoevenmoregeneric“qualityoflife”isdeterminednotbyindividualqualitiesandrelationships[C]butbyaflowchart.Insteadofdying[D]surroundedbyfriendsandfamily,wewillbesurroundedbypaper—andlawyers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asfirstandforemost

B.who

C.butby

D.surrounded

【答案】B

【解析】考查關(guān)系詞用法。B選項(xiàng)處who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞patient，但關(guān)系詞后又有名詞“qualityoflife”，因此關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的成分，應(yīng)把who改為whose。

13.單選題

Becauseofa（）engagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pioneer

B.premature

C.prior

D.past

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。pioneer“先鋒”；premature“早產(chǎn)的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“過(guò)去”。句意：由于先前的約會(huì)，Lora上周六不能參加我的生日派對(duì)。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Psychologiststhinkofattitudesasbeingpredispositiontowardobjectsoreventsthatdeterminethewaypeoplereacttodifferentstimuli.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.priorinclinations

B.prescriptions

C.precautions

D.principalcommitments

【答案】A

【解析】心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為態(tài)度是對(duì)事物或事件的一種傾向，它決定了人們對(duì)不同刺激的反應(yīng)方式。predisposition意為“傾向”。priorinclinations傾向，愛(ài)好；prescriptions醫(yī)藥處方；precautions預(yù)防措施，預(yù)警；principalcommitments主要承諾。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

15.單選題

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"（underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

【解析】1.由題干中的單詞factor找到文章第一段：Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.