書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧德職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

（）,thelionisamemberofthecatfamily.

問題1選項

A.Likethetiger

B.Aliketothetiger

C.Likingthetiger

D.Itislikethetiger

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。分析題干和選項可知，空格后面已經(jīng)是完整的句子，因此空格處應(yīng)為形容詞短語做狀語，故選B。句意：和老虎一樣，獅子也是貓科動物中的一員。

2.單選題

Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（）atdifferentvillages.

問題1選項

A.gradually

B.continuously

C.constantly

D.continually

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。gradually逐漸地；continuously連續(xù)不斷地；constantly不斷地，時常地；continually不斷地，頻繁地。句意：我們的旅行很慢，因為火車頻繁地在不同的村莊?？?。選項D更符合語境。

3.單選題

Thebeamthatis（

）byalaserdiffersinseveralwaysfromthelightthatcomesoutofaflashlight.

問題1選項

A.transported

B.emitted

C.motivated

D.translated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A項transport表示“運輸”；B項emit表示“發(fā)出，發(fā)射”；C項motivate表示“刺激；使有動機”；D項translate表示“翻譯，轉(zhuǎn)化”。根據(jù)句意“激光發(fā)出的光與手電筒

的光在一些方面存在差異?！笨芍珺項“發(fā)出”最符合句意，故本題正確答案為B項。

4.單選題

Wetriedtosettletheproblemwiththemassoonaspossible,buttheyseemedto（）sincerity.

問題1選項

A.lackof

B.belackof

C.lackin

D.belackingin

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。seem的用法為“主語+seem+（tobe）+表語”，表語多為名詞或形容詞，有時是其他的詞或短語，以說明主語的特征或狀態(tài)，所以排除A、C選項；lackof“沒有；不夠；缺乏；不足”，經(jīng)常和for或becauseof連用；lack還可以用“現(xiàn)在分詞”的形式組成一個慣用句型belackingin來表示“欠缺、特點等”，該句型中介詞in不可省略。句意：我們試圖盡快和他們解決這個問題，但他們似乎缺乏誠意。因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Thecellphoneincludesamechanicaldevicethatcanmakeit（

）whenitwouldotherwiseringforanincomingcalloranalarm.

問題1選項

A.vibrate

B.shake

C.alarm

D.sparkle

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。vibrate意為“震動”；shake意為“搖動”；alarm意為“驚恐，警報”；sparkle意為“閃耀，閃爍”。

句意：手機內(nèi)置了一個機械裝置，當有來電鈴聲或鬧鈴鈴聲時，就會使它震動。

6.單選題

Thedirectionwereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問題1選項

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ingenious“有獨創(chuàng)性的”；ambitious“有野心的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：指示太模糊了，不可能完成這項任務(wù)。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

（

）isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

問題1選項

A.There

B.This

C.That

D.It

【答案】D

【解析】考查形式主語的用法。本句缺少主語。that引導(dǎo)了一個完整的句子，由此可知句首只需要一個形式主語。四個選項中只有D選項it可充當形式主語。句意：英語正在被接受為一種國際語言，這是一個事實。

8.單選題

Areyouawarethatyouactuallypossesssixsenses?Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligentlytotheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform.Forexample,whenyoureachforanobject,thesensorynerveslinkingthemusclestothebrainstopyourhandatthecorrectspot.Thisautomaticperceptionofthepositionofyourmusclesinrelationtotheobjectisyourmuscularsenseinaction.

Musclesarestringybundlesoffibersvaryingfromonefive-thousandthofaninchtoaboutthreeinches.Theyhavethreeuniquecharacteristics;theycanbecomeshorterandthicker;theycanstretch;andtheycanretracttotheiroriginalpositions.Underahigh-poweredmicroscope,muscletissueisseenaslong,slendercellswithagrainytexturelikewood.

Morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedofmusclefibers,mostofwhichareinvoluntary—inotherwords,workwithoutconsciousdirection.Thevoluntarymuscles,thosethatwemoveconsciouslytoperformparticularactions,numbermorethanfivehundred.Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass.Thatiswhyanaveragewomancan’tliftasmuch,throwasfar,orhitashardasanaverageman.

1.Intelligentuseofthemusclesmeansthat（）.

2.Accordingtotheselection,morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedof（）.

3.Anaveragewomanisweakerthananaveragemanbecauseshehas（）.

4.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedthat（）.

5.Accordingtotheselection,themuscularsenseisresponsiblefor（）.

問題1選項

A.onealwaysknowswhathismusclesaredoing

B.oneperformssimpleactionswithoutworking

C.one'smusclesareusedonlytotheextentnecessaryforeachactiontheyperform

D.oneimprovesmuscularactionconsciously

問題2選項

A.voluntarymuscles

B.musclefibers

C.involuntaryfibers

D.sensorynerves

問題3選項

A.morevoluntarymusclesthananaverageman

B.only60to70percentasmuchmuscleforherbodymass

C.60to70percentlessmuscleforherbodymass

D.lessmusclefiberforherbodyweight

問題4選項

A.themuscularsenseismoreimportantthananyothersenses

B.muscularsenseinvolvesautomaticperception

C.therearemanymorethan500involuntarymusclesinthebody

D.muscletissueisinflexible

問題5選項

A.theefficiencyofourmuscles

B.thenormalbreathingfunction

C.directingourmusclesintelligently

D.theworkofonlyourinvoluntarymuscles

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligentlytotheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform.可知，第六感是一種肌肉感覺，可智能地精準控制人體活動。因此，C項是正確答案。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題意：根據(jù)原文，人類身體超過一半的組織是由什么構(gòu)成的？根據(jù)原文第三段第一句：Morethanhalfofaperson'sbodyiscomposedofmusclefibers.可知，人體超過一半的組織是由musclefibers（肌肉纖維）構(gòu)成。因此，正確答案為B項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第三段Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass.Thatiswhyanaveragewomancan’tliftasmuch,throwasfar,orhitashardasanaverageman.可知，女性比正常男性力氣小是因為女性身體內(nèi)肌肉含量僅為男性的60-70%。因此，B項為正確答案。

4.推理判斷題。本文并未說明也未暗示肌肉感覺比其他感官重要，因此A選項錯誤。根據(jù)原文最后一段Thevoluntarymuscles,thosethatwemoveconsciouslytoperformparticularaction,numbermorethanfivehundred.可知，C選項與原文意思相反，故C項錯誤。D選項說肌肉組織是不可彎曲的，與原文不符，故排除。因此，B選項是正確答案。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段Thesixthsenseisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligently.可知，肌肉感官的作用是directingyourmusclesintelligently，因此，本題正確答案為C項。

9.單選題

Mostreligiousorganizationsdependonthe（）actionsoftheirmembersforfinancialandmaterialaid.

問題1選項

A.elemosynary

B.ellemosynary

C.elemosinary

D.eleemosynary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。D選項eleemosynary“施舍的；慈善的；接受接濟的”。A，B和C這三項在英語中不存在。句意為：大多數(shù)宗教組織依賴它們成員的慈善行為來獲取資金和物資支持。根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

10.單選題

[A]Scienceand[B]technology[C]arepartofthe[D]knowledgesofeducatedpeople.

問題1選項

A.Science

B.technology

C.are

D.knowledges

【答案】D

【解析】【考查點】不可數(shù)名詞的用法。

【解題思路】knowledge表示“知識，學問”時，是不可數(shù)名詞。所以knowledge要用原形，該題選擇D項。

【句意】科學技術(shù)是受過教育的人的知識的一部分。

11.不定項選擇題

Hurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.

HurricanesnormallyoriginateasasmallareaofthunderstormsovertheAtlanticOceanwestoftheCapeVerdeIslandsduringAugustorSeptember.Forseveraldays,theareaofthestormincreasesandtheairpressurefallsslowly.Acenteroflowpressureforms,andwindsbegintowhirlaroundit.Itisblownwestward,increasinginsizeandstrength.

Hurricanehuntersthenflyouttothestorminordertodetermineitssizeandintensityandtotrackitsdirection.Theydropinstrumentsforrecordingtemperature,airpressure,andhumidity（濕度）,intothestorm.Theyalsolookatthesizeofwavesontheocean,theclouds,andtheeyeofthestorm.Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.

Oncetheforecastershavedeterminedthatitislikelythehurricanewillreachshore,theyissueahurricanewatchforalarge,generalareathatmaybeinthepathofthestorm.Later,whentheprobablepointoflandfallisclearer,theywillissueahurricanewarningforasomewhatmorelimitedarea.Peopleintheseareasarewisetostockuponnonperishablefoods,flashlightandradiobatteries,candles,andotheritemstheymayneedifelectricityandwaterarenotavailableafterthestorm.Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlight-weightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.Hurricanesgenerallylosepowerslowlywhiletravelingoverland,butmanymoveouttosea,gatherupforceagain,andreturntoland.Astheymovetowardthenorth,theygenerallylosetheiridentityashurricanes.

46.Theeyeofthehurricaneis（）.

47.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

48.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

49.Thelow-lyingareasrefertothoseregionsthat（）.

50.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamethodofprotectingone’shousefromahurricane?

問題1選項

A.thepowerfulcenterofthestorm

B.thepartthatdeterminesitsdirection

C.therelativelycalmcenterofthestorm

D.thecenteroflowpressure

問題2選項

A.Astormsurgeisadramaticincreaseinwindvelocity.

B.Ahurricanewatchismoreseriousthanahurricanewarning.

C.Fallingairpressureisanindicatorthatthestormisincreasinginintensity.

D.Itissafetogooutsideoncetheeyehasarrived.

問題3選項

A.HowtoAvoidHurricanedamage

B.ForecastingHurricanes

C.ThedangerousHurricane

D.AtlanticStorms

問題4選項

A.closetothegroundlevel

B.one-storeyflat

C.flathouses

D.neartothelowestlevelofhurricane

問題5選項

A.takingoutheavythings

B.movinginlight-weightfurniture

C.equippingthehousewithstones

D.coveringwindowsHurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。從第三段倒數(shù)第二句Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.（颶風眼是颶風中心相對平靜和晴朗的天空區(qū)域）可知C項“風暴相對平靜的中心”正確。A項“強大的風暴中心”與文意相反，排除；B項“決定其方向的部分”文中未提及；D項“低壓中心”定位到原文第一段可知低壓中心是颶風形成前的表現(xiàn)，故錯誤。

47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。從最后一段倒數(shù)第三句Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.（生活在低洼地區(qū)的人們明智地撤離他們的房屋，因為風暴潮是一股巨大的水流，可能會隨著風暴上岸。）可知stormsurge是指水而不是風，所以A項“風暴潮是風速的急劇增加?！辈徽_。根據(jù)最后一段開頭的描述，颶風可能登陸時先在一個較大的可能范圍內(nèi)進行hurricanewatch,然后在可能著陸點hurricanewarning，可以看出hurricanewarning比hurricanewatch更嚴重,所以B項“颶風監(jiān)視比颶風警報更嚴重?！辈徽_。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.（當風眼來臨時，人們?nèi)绻叱龇块g會被風眼過去后的大風吹死），所以說在風眼來臨時走出房間是不安全的）D項“風眼來臨，出去是安全的”也不正確。通過排除法可知只有C項“氣壓下降表明風暴的強度在增加”正確。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。閱讀全文，分別講了颶風的形成、颶風的預(yù)報、面對颶風的防范措施、颶風的消亡，C項“危險的颶風”可以作為標題概括文章內(nèi)容。A項“如何避免颶風的破壞”；B項“颶風預(yù)報”；D項“大西洋風暴”都只涉及到文章的一個方面。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干low-lyingareas是指地勢低平的地區(qū)，A項“接近地面”；B、C是指一層平房，D項“接近最低級別的颶風”。所以只有A項符合。

50.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。從第三段第六行Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlightweightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.（他們還應(yīng)嘗試從外部帶入輕巧的家具和其他物品并遮蓋窗戶，以防颶風襲擊他們的房屋）可知將輕的家具、物品帶入房內(nèi)，蓋住窗戶是預(yù)防颶風的措施，所以B和D正確，其中也暗含了選項A“取出重物”，因為將輕的物品放入房內(nèi)也就意味著將重的物品帶出房間，所以A也符合。C選項文中未提及。

12.單選題

Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed（

）asdictatorialrole.

問題1選項

A.itwasdescribedthen

B.thatwasdescribedatthattime

C.whatwasdescribedatthattime

D.whichwasdescribedatthattime

【答案】C

【解析】what引導(dǎo)賓語從句的用法。句意：因為這場叛亂，這位上將在那段時間的所作所為被認定為是獨裁。分析句子可知assumed為句子的謂語，后面的部分作賓語從句，而從句中what又作wasdescribed的主語部分，這是what的特殊用法，有雙重作用，故選C選項正確。

13.單選題

Thecommandersaidtohistroopsthatundernocircumstances（）tostepacrosstheborder.

問題1選項

A.theenemyshouldbeallowed

B.shouldtheenemybeallowed

C.shouldallowtheenemy

D.theenemyshouldallow

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝。帶有否定意義的短語，其主謂部分要倒裝，首先向排除選項A和D。不被允許表被動，所以選項B正確。句意：指揮官對他的部隊說，在任何情況下都不允許敵人跨越邊境。

14.單選題

Thesinger’sperformancewassoexcitingthatmanyofhisfanswere（

）enthusiasm.

問題1選項

A.stirredupwith

B.fantasizedwith

C.takebackwith

D.carriedawaywith

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。carryawaywith表示“使失去自制力”。句意：這位歌手的表演是如此令人興奮，以至于很多他的粉絲狂熱而失去了自制力。D項符合題意。fantasize幻想、想象；stirup煽動；takeback帶回。

15.單選題

Loveandfriendshiphavemuch（1）.Iftwopersonsaretobe（2）,theymustfindcontentmentineachother's（3）,sufferpainineachother'sfailure,and（4）pleasureineachother'ssuccess.Eachmustfind（5）themoodandtemperamentoftheothersomething（6）andcongenial.Butanydeepandpermanentfriendshipalargercommonareathanromanticlove.Notoriously,theprincemayfallinlovewiththechorusgirlwhenthetwohavealmost（8）incommon.Butfriendshipsarebased（9）,oncommoninterestsinaproject,anart,oracause;onethinksofMarksandEngels,CobdenandBright,GilbertandSullivan,theMayobrothers,WeberandFields.

Still,commoninterestsbythemselveswillnot（10）friendshipandmanyco-workershavebeen（11）andenemies.

（12）

aboutvalues,aboutthings,admiredandlikedand（14）.Itisnot（15）if,wheneverwegrowenthusiasticaboutdancingormusicorflyingorscience,ourcompanioncanonlysay,“Sorry,butI（16）allthatdetestable.”

（17）oftheblessingsoffriendshipisthatitsuppliesasounding-boardwhich,

（18）ourowndelights,makesthemgreater.Andbyahappycorrelativelaw,sorrowswhensharedgrowless.Friends（19）eachotherlikethesidesofanarch;theygain（20）,security,reassuranceinfailure,addedhappinessinsuccess,andalargeincrementofcouragemerelyfromfacingthingssidebyside.

問題1選項

A.incommon

B.differences

C.differentiations

D.tolearn

問題2選項

A.professors

B.friends

C.students

D.competitors

問題3選項

A.attitude

B.personality

C.company

D.emergency

問題4選項

A.make

B.rake

C.fake

D.take

問題5選項

A.for

B.in

C.at

D.on

問題6選項

A.strange

B.exclusive

C.destructive

D.attractive

問題7選項

A.callsfor

B.callson

C.callsoff

D.callsdown

問題8選項

A.nothing

B.something

C.anything

D.everything

問題9選項

A.asarule

B.byrule

C.toarule

D.witharule

問題10選項

A.guard

B.guarantee

C.grow

D.grease

問題11選項

A.rivals

B.collaborators

C.dedicators

D.keepers

問題12選項

A.A

B.No

C.Full

D.Few

問題13選項

A.facetoface

B.frommouthtomouth

C.eyetoeye

D.nosetonose

問題14選項

A.disliking

B.disliked

C.todislike

D.dislike

問題15選項

A.featured

B.feathered

C.furthered

D.fettered

問題16選項

A.locate

B.provide

C.find

D.sustain

問題17選項

A.Any

B.Some

C.None

D.One

問題18選項

A.inechoing

B.inwriting

C.indrawing

D.inmaking

問題19選項

A.produce

B.fortify

C.yield

D.abuse

問題20選項

A.irritation

B.silence

C.suspicion

D.contentment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】（1）固定搭配。havesth.incommon在...有共同點。故選擇A。

（2）邏輯銜接。根據(jù)上文提到的friendship可以推出填空處應(yīng)該為friends,所以選項B正確。

（3）語義銜接、邏輯銜接。成為朋友的兩個人,要對彼此的個性感到滿意。

（4）takepleasure為固定搭配,指獲得快樂。

（5）語義銜接、邏輯銜接。將句子調(diào)整一下順序便能理解了,句意為：在彼此的性格中去尋找共同點,選項B正確。

（6）語義銜接、邏輯銜接。根據(jù)原文可知,填空處填入的詞應(yīng)與congenial（意氣相投）意思相近,所以選項D符合原文。

（7）邏輯銜接、詞義辨析。callfor需求,需要；callon拜訪,請求；calloff取消；calldown招致,責罵。根據(jù)原文,任何深厚且永恒的友誼都需要比浪漫愛情有更多的相同之處。選項A符合原文。

（8）語義銜接、邏輯銜接。根據(jù)原文,王子和合唱隊的女孩幾乎沒有沒有共同點。

（9）邏輯銜接、詞義辨析。asarule通常,一般說來；byrule墨守成規(guī)地,按照規(guī)則地；選項C、D沒有這種用法；填空處為插入語,所以選項A更符合原文。

（10）語義銜接、詞義辨析。guard保衛(wèi),監(jiān)視；guarantee保證,確保；grow生長；grease賄賂。根據(jù)原文：然而,他們之間共同的興趣也不能保證友誼長存。選項B符合原文。

（11）語義銜接、詞義辨析。根據(jù)原文可知,填空處應(yīng)填入與enemies意思相近的詞。rivals競爭對手；collaborators合作者；dedicators奉獻者,獻身者；keepers看護人。選項A正確。

（12）邏輯銜接。根據(jù)原文可推斷,這里應(yīng)該指完全意義上的友誼。

（13）語義銜接。Seeeyetoeye為固定搭配,意為看法一致,意見相同。

（14）語義銜接。and連接的兩個詞,形式需保持一致。根據(jù)前面的“l(fā)iked”,可知后面應(yīng)該為“disliked”,選項B正確。

（15）語義銜接,詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容,當我們都某些東西很感興趣的時候,朋友卻感到厭惡,那么友誼就不會進一步發(fā)展。所以選項C符合句意。

（16）語義銜接、詞義辨析。根據(jù)原文,這里應(yīng)該指：我感覺/發(fā)現(xiàn)這一切都很無聊,選項C符合原文。sustain指維持,支撐。

（17）語法、固定搭配。根據(jù)后面的謂語動詞is可首先排除選項A和B。根據(jù)原文,這里指友誼的一個好處是...。

（18）語義銜接、邏輯銜接。根據(jù)原文：友誼的好處之一是它提供了一個音板,在對我們自身的快樂做出回應(yīng)時,使它們變得更偉大。

（19）語義銜接、詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ikethesidesofanarch”可知這里應(yīng)該選fortify加固、鞏固。produce生產(chǎn)；yield產(chǎn)生；abuse濫用。

（20）語義銜接、邏輯銜接。根據(jù)下文的security,reassurance可知填空處應(yīng)填入意義相近的詞。選項D符合。irritation惱火；silence沉默；suspicion懷疑。

16.單選題

Takethetimeto（

）withyourchild,toreadwithher,toplaywithher,tohavegoodconversationswithher,totakewalkswithher.

問題1選項

A.cuddle

B.cumber

C.rrode

D.canvass

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。cuddle摟抱，擁抱；cumber拖累，妨害；corrode侵蝕，損害；canvass細究。句意：花時間擁抱你的孩子，讀書給她聽，和她玩耍，語重心長地和她交談，和她一起散步。根據(jù)句意可知A項符合題意。

17.單選題

10.

問題1選項

A.Shehasdevelopedallergies.

B.Shedoesn’tknowwhatallergiesare.

C.Shedoesn’thaveanyallergies.

D.Shehasallergiestreatedalready.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Howaboutallergies?

W:NotthatI’mawareof.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】對話中男士問女士過敏情況怎么樣了，女士說不是認為的那樣，即她沒過敏。

18.單選題

TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday.Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry.Thisabsenceofrestraintsisreflectedaswellintheverytermsinwhichtheserightsandprivilegesaredescribed.Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”(drawinguponthelanguageoftheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates)isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”.

Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffromtheconstraintsofthecommunity.Itevencanassumethattheselfhas,intrinsictoitorsomehowavailabletoit,independentofanysocialguidance,intimationsofwhatitisandwhatitwants.Thus,liberationmaybeseeninthecurrentlyfashionableinsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”whichcanincludearelianceuponstandardsandobjectivesthataresolelyone’sown.Itisdifficult,insuchcircumstances,toavoidaradicalsubjectivismthattendstoresultinthoroughgoingrelativismwithrespecttomoralandpoliticaljudgments.Oneconsequenceofthisapproachistoidentifyanever-expandingarrayofformsofexpressionthatarebelievedtobeentitledtoimmunityfromgovernmentregulation.

Ontheotherhand,iftheemphasisisplaceduponthemoretraditionallanguage,“freedomofspeechandofthepress”，therequirementsandprerogativesofaself-governingpeopleareapttobemademoreof.Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower.Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime.Thiskindofeffortneednotbealtogetherselfishonthepartofsuchrulers,sinceallregimesdohaveaninterestinlawandorder,incommondecency,andinaroutinereliabilityorloyalty.

Whatisparticularlydifficulttoarguefor,andtomaintain,isanarrangementthat,whileitleavesapeopleclearlyfreepoliticallytodiscussfullyallmattersofpublicinterestwithaviewtowardgoverningitself,routinelydisciplinesandotherwisepreparesthatsamepeopleforaneffectiveexerciseofitsconsiderablefreedom.Insuchcircumstances,itistemptingforapeopletotakethecasefor,andtherhetoricofthelibertyonestepfurther-—andthustoinsistthatnoone,shouldtrytotellanyoneelsewhatkindofhumanbeingheshouldbe.Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?Allothersare,invaryingdegrees,prisonersofillusionsandappetites,howevermuchtheymaybelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselves.

Thereare,thentworelatedsetsofconcernsevidentinanyconsiderationtodayoftheformsandusesofcensorship.Onesetofconcernshastodowiththeeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity;theother,withthepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeople.Theformerismorepoliticalinitsmethods,thelatterismoreeducational.

1.IntheUnitedState,（）.

2.Freedomexpressionrepresents（）.

3.ItisTRUEthat（）.

4.Intheauthor’sopinion,（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.thereisanabsoluteabsenceofrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishing

B.therearenomorerestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

C.therearenofewerrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

D.thereareconstitutionalguaranteeswithregardtospeechandthepress

問題2選項

A.littlemorethanapoliticalviewofliberty

B.notsomuchapoliticalasanindividualisticviewofliberty

C.arelianceuponsocialstandardsandobjectives

D.aradicalsubjectivism

問題3選項

A.freedomofexpressionmeansnothingbutaninsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”

B.freedomofexpressiontendstospoiltheeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity

C.fewrulersruleswithouttheauthorityofthepeople

D.thepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeopleliesmainlyineducation

問題4選項

A.thereisnousemaintaininganarrangementinwhichpeoplecaneffectivelyexercisetheirconsiderablefreedom

B.allpeopleareinfactprisonersofillusionandappetites

C.onlypeoplewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisrightaretrulyfree

D.onlypeoplewhobelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselvesaretrulyfree

問題5選項

A.Amoreindividualisticviewoflibertywillprobablyleadtomoralrelativismandobjectivepoliticaljudgment.

B.Anindividualisticviewoflibertyisbasedontheassumptionthatindividualsknowwhotheyareandwhattheywant.

C.Thetraditionalviewoflibertyinvolvesmoresocialguidanceandlessuseofpoliticalpowerbytheindividual

D.Thecensorshiprelatedwiththeindividualisticviewoflibertyisrelatedwitheverydaygovernanceofcommunityandthusitispoliticalinitsmethod.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry(有關(guān)言論和出版方面的限制以及行為上的限制比歷史上任何一個時期都要少)。由此可知前面三項不符合文章所述，D項“在言論和出版方面有憲法保障”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段第一句指出:TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday(在自由的問題上，從政治性的觀點向個人主義觀點的轉(zhuǎn)變可以通過如今美國憲法中有關(guān)言論和出版條例的陳述方式顯現(xiàn)出來)，第一段最后一句指出:Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”(曾經(jīng)的'言論和出版自由’如今被稱為‘表達自由’)。由此可知“表達自由”代表的是個人主義觀點，故選B項“與其說是政治觀點，不如說是個人主義的自由觀”。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。A:言論自由意味著堅持“做自己的事”。B:言論自由往往會破壞社區(qū)的日常管理。C:沒有人民授權(quán)，統(tǒng)治者很難統(tǒng)治。D:人性格的永久塑造，主要在于教育。A項的nothingbut和B項中的spoiltheeverydaygovernance與文章意思不符。第二段指出:Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime(即使是那些未具備權(quán)力的管理者也必須要注意根據(jù)自己政權(quán)的需要和情況來塑造民眾的性格)。因此C項不正確。答案為D。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?(難道不能說只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及選擇做正確的事情的人才是真正地獲得自由？)。此句的意思是:只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及選擇做正確的事情的人才是真正地獲得自由。故選C項“只有那些知道自己在做什么，選擇做正確的事的人才是真正自由的”。

第5題:判斷推理題。第二段指出:Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffi-omtheconstraintsofthecommunity(表達自由的意思就是鼓勵自我從社會的各項束縛中解脫出來)。第三段指出:Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower(這意味著每個人都需要準備好有效利用其巨大的政治權(quán)力)。由此推斷C項“傳統(tǒng)的對自由的理解涉及更多的社會指導(dǎo)，個人較少使用政治權(quán)力”正確。

19.單選題

Inthesummerof1978anEnglishfarmernamedIanStevenswasdrivinghistractorthroughafieldofwheatwhenhediscoveredsomethingstrange.Someofhiswheatwaslyingflatontheground.Theflattened（被壓平的）wheatformedacircleaboutsixmetersacross.Aroundthiscirclewerefoursmallercirclesofflattenedwheat.Inthefollowingyearsmoreandmoresimilarcircleswerefoundinafieldofwheatorcorn.Sopeoplecannothelpbutaskthequestion:Whatcausesthecircles?

Atfirstpeoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrick,peopletriedtocopythem:theytriedtomakecirclesexactlyliketheonesthefarmershadfound.Theycouldn’tdoit.Theycouldn’tenterafieldofgrainwithoutleavingtracks,andtheycouldn’tflattenthegrainwithoutbreakingit.Thecirclesareapparentlynotatrick.

Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarksleftbytheirspaceships.Severaltimespeoplereportedseeingstrangeflyingobjectsnearfieldswherecircleslaterappeared.

Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.Theyhavesuggestedseveraltheories.Forexample,somescientistssaythat“microburst’s”ofwindcreatedthecircles.Amicroburstisadownwardrushofcoolair—thesamedownwardrushofairthatsometimescausesanairplanetocrash.Othersscientistssaythatforceswithintheearthcausethecirclestoappear.Butcirclesoftenappearinforms.Itishardtobelievethatanynaturalforcecouldcreatethoseforms.Andrecentlyfarmershavediscoverednotonlycirclesbutalsoothershapessuchastrianglesintheirfields.Couldanynaturalforcecreatedaperfecttriangleinafieldofgrain?

Inthesummerof1990somescientistsspentthreeweeksinthepartofEnglandwheremanycircleshaveappeared.Theyhadallthelatesthigh-techequipment.Thisequipment—worth1.8milliondollars—recordednothing.Butonenight,asthescientistswerewatchingafield,circlesformedinthefieldbehindthem.Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.Thescientistshadneitherseennorheardanything.

1.Whatcausesthecircles?

2.Thethingthatprovesthatthecircleswerenotatrickisthat（）.

3.Thecirclesmean（）.

4.Theonlythingforthescientiststobehappyaboutinthesummerof1990ispossibly（）.

5.Apropertitleforthispassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.Teenagers

B.Farmers

C.Flyingobjects.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題2選項

A.twomensaidtheymadethecirclesthemselves

B.farmersweremakingthecirclestoattracttourists

C.peoplecannotcopythecircleswithoutleavingmarksorbreakingthegrain

D.scientistssuggesttheoriesthatsupporttheideathatcirclesweremadebynaturalforces

問題3選項

A.thatbeingsfromouterspacearetryingtocommunicatewithhumanbeings

B.thatbeingsfromouterspacehavevisitedtheearth

C.thattheredoexiststrangeflyingobjects

D.noneoftheabove

問題4選項

A.thattheydiscoveredhowthecirclesweremade

B.thattheysawthecircleswiththehelpofthelatesthigh-techequipment

C.theywereabletoshowthecirclesinaphotograph

D.noneoftheabove

問題5選項

A.AnUnsolvedMystery

B.S