公路施工新技術(shù)2004年12月1公路施工新技術(shù)2004年12月1223344施工過程5施工過程5施工過程新技術(shù)自檢碾壓機移動式拌和樓紅外線攝影機混合料傳送機6施工過程新技術(shù)自檢碾壓機6778899101011111212不均勻密度的影響同壓密不夠類似增加剝落與水損減少疲勞壽命增加空隙率1%將至少減少10%的壽命13不均勻密度的影響同壓密不夠類似131414151516161717不均勻密度的位置18不均勻密度的位置18溫差超過14°C空隙率增加2%19溫差超過14°C19材料傳遞機20材料傳遞機202121材料傳遞機拌和葉片攤鋪之前的再拌和22材料傳遞機攤鋪之前的22施工工藝自動化計算機技術(shù)應(yīng)用衛(wèi)星和激光定位技術(shù)遙控技術(shù)圖控技術(shù)機器眼技術(shù)動態(tài)反饋和傳感技術(shù)人機對話技術(shù)23施工工藝自動化計算機技術(shù)應(yīng)用23衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)24衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)24激光定位技術(shù)25激光定位技術(shù)25遙控技術(shù)26遙控技術(shù)26遙控挖掘裝載機27遙控挖掘裝載機27碾壓自動化28碾壓自動化28多臺碾壓機碾壓自動化29多臺碾壓機碾壓自動化293030機器眼探測裂縫31機器眼探測裂縫31機器眼安裝路面標(biāo)記32機器眼安裝路面標(biāo)記32自動封縫機33自動封縫機33圖控技術(shù)34圖控技術(shù)34人機對話35人機對話35遙控管涵安裝機36遙控管涵安裝機36遙控挖掘裝載機37遙控挖掘裝載機37橋梁除漆機器人38橋梁除漆機器人38自動掃雪灑鹽機39自動掃雪灑鹽機39路面新技術(shù)超級性能路面瑪蹄脂瀝青碎石混凝土路面永久路面40路面新技術(shù)40混合料主要特點嚴格的材料選擇旋轉(zhuǎn)壓密機和體積比設(shè)計PGAGG%passingsievesize0.45SGC41混合料主要特點嚴格的材料選擇旋轉(zhuǎn)壓密機和體積比設(shè)計PGAG瀝青性能分級以天氣為基礎(chǔ)PG

64-22PerformanceGradeAverage7-daymaxpavementdesigntempMinpavementdesigntemp42瀝青性能分級以天氣為基礎(chǔ)PG64-22PerformancThehighertheGrade,thestifferthebinder.Themorerutresistance.

PG82PG76PG70PG64PG584343Thelowerthenumber,themoreresistanttothermalcracking.PG -22 -28 -344444集料特性基本特性–要求coarseaggregateangularity(CAA)fineaggregateangularity(FAA)flat,elongatedparticles(F&E)claycontent(SE)來源特性–選擇

toughnesssoundnessdeleteriousmaterialspolishvalues45集料特性基本特性–要求451000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.519.0PercentPassingSieveSize(mm)Raisedto0.45Power級配461000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 控制點1000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.519.0PercentPassingcontrolpointrestrictedzonemaxdensitylinemaxsizenommaxsizeSieveSize(mm)Raisedto0.45Power47控制點1000.075 .3 2.36 4.MarshallMethodSFSCBFBCSR48MarshallMethodSFSCBFBCSR4819.0mm25.0mm37.5mm9.5mm4.75mm12.5mm4919.0mm25.0mm37.5mm9.5mm4.7AGGREGATEGRADATIONNominalSize:19.0mmSMA&19.0mmSuperpavePercentPassingSMASuperpave50AGGREGATEGRADATIONPercentPas19.0mmSuperpave5119.0mmSuperpave51InsertI-70I-70 Ndesign-96 19.0mmSMA VTM-4.3 52InsertI-70I-70 Ndesign-9AGGREGATEGRADATIONNominalSize:12.5mmSMA&12.5mmSuperpavePercentPassingSMASuperpave53AGGREGATEGRADATIONPercentPasI-83 12.5mm PG70-22Binder54I-83 12.5mm54First12.5mmSMAI-68Ndesign-1003.9VTM55First12.5mmSMAI-68Ndesign-熱壓密和緊跟攤鋪機!56熱壓密和緊跟攤鋪機!56特性比較RutResistantDurableSkidResistantReducedSprayReducedHydroplaningReducedSoundSuperpave

SMA57特性比較RutResistantSuperpave SMDecisionPointsforusingSMAastheSurfaceLayer>2000ESAL’sperday>55mph58DecisionPoints>2000ESAL’s永久路面路面設(shè)計概念59永久路面路面設(shè)計概念59永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗疲勞瀝青基層：通過厚度使拉應(yīng)變最小60永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗疲勞瀝青基層：通過厚度使拉應(yīng)變最小60永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗車轍上面層集料顆粒摩擦互鎖：軋制和粗顆粒瀝青膠結(jié)料：高溫性能和改性空隙率：現(xiàn)場4%-6%61永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗車轍上面層集料顆粒摩擦互鎖：61永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗車轍上面層車轍試驗驗證現(xiàn)場加速試驗62永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗車轍上面層車轍試驗驗證62上開裂63上開裂63華盛頓州永久路面州際高速公路90號47%沒有破壞27-33年；路面24公分；第一次罩面12年；第二次罩面13年。64華盛頓州永久路面州際高速公路90號64厚度比較65厚度比較6566666767性能試驗68性能試驗68車轍儀69車轍儀69車轍儀試驗結(jié)果70車轍儀試驗結(jié)果70717172727373747475757676車輛噪音:engine,exhaustsystem,aerodynamicnoisetirenoise.For>90kmph,pavement/tirenoisedominates.PowertrainnoiseCoast-bynoise路面噪音77車輛噪音:Powertrainnoise路面噪音77FHWA-NoiseAbatementCriteria67dB(A)“thisisnotanabsolutevalueordesignstandard,onlyalevelwherenoisemitigationmustbeconsidered”78FHWA-NoiseTheDecibelScaleHearingThresholdConversationPainThresholdDiscomfort79TheDecibelScaleHearingThresTheDecibelScaleIncreasingthedecibellevelby10doublesthenoiseintensity!ConversationTrainChainSaw80TheDecibelScaleIncreasingth隔音墻和種樹ErectNoiseWallsorPlantTrees/Shrubs路面微觀構(gòu)造ControlSurfaceTexture防止噪音措施81隔音墻和種樹防止噪音措施81隔音墻Effectiveonlyforthoseinline-of-sight.Donotreducenoiseatsource.82隔音墻EffectiveonlyforthoseinEffectivenessmustjustifyexpense.Cases:I-40,Knoxville:>$25,000/homeI-285,Atlanta:Requirementsof>69dB(A)and<$50,000/homeU.S.441,WestBoca,FL:>67dB(A),<$30,000/home,reductionof>5dB(A)Nationwide(FHWA,1998):>$1M/mile隔音墻83EffectivenessmustjustifyexpConclusions,

“Ingeneral,whendense-gradedasphaltandPCCpavementsarecompared,thedense-gradedisquieterby2to3dB(A)”路面微觀構(gòu)造84Conclusions,“Ingeneral,when67dB(A)15mTheDecibelScale8567dB(A)15mTheDecibelScale8Areductionof3dB(A)islikedoublingthedistancefromthenoise.67dB(A)30m-3dB(A)=64dB(A)86Areductionof3dB(A)islikeConclusions:“Ingeneral,whendense-gradedasphaltandPCCpavementsarecompared,thedense-gradedisquieterby2to3dB(A)”A

3dB(A)reductioncorrespondsto: -doublingthedistance -reducingtrafficvolumeby50% -reducingtrafficspeedby25%

87Conclusions:“Ingeneral,wheConclusions:“Open-gradedasphaltshowsthegreatestpotentialfornoisereductionforpassbynoise.Reductionwhencomparedtodense-gradedasphaltrangedfrom1to9dB(A).”A

9dB(A)reductioncorrespondsto: -areductionintrafficnoisebyalmost50%!88Conclusions:“Open-gradedaspOGFCs

ReduceNoiseandImproveVisibility89OGFCs

ReduceNoiseandImproveNoiseReduction

OpenvsDenseGradedMixesSource:NCHRP28490NoiseReduction

OpenvsDenseDOTsindicateastrongneedforpavementnoisecontrolstrategies.Properselectionofpavementsurfaceisthebestmethodtoreducenoisefrompavement/tireinteractions.WhatCanBeDone?91DOTsindicateastrongneedfoOGFCisthequietestsurfacetype.(Wayson,NCHRPSynthesis268)SMAhasalsoproventobeaquietsurface.(WisconsinDOT,1993)DensegradedHMAsurfacesarequieterthanPCCpavements.(HibbsandLarson,ReportFHWA-SA-96-068,May1996)EffectofPavementSurface92OGFCisthequietestsurfacetNoiseMakesNews!FamiliesNearI-275islobbyingtheMichiganDOTforsoundabatement.In1999,MDOTrebuiltI-275withconcrete.Residentscontendtheprojecthasincreasenoiselevels.Levelshavebeenregisteredupwardsof90decibels.StevePhillipsofBerkshire,England-basedTRLLimitedspokeaboutEngland’s10-yearplantoinstallquietersurfaceson60%ofmaintrunkroads.ThesurfaceswillbeSMAorOGFC.93NoiseMakesNews!FamiliesNearSummaryHighwaynoiseisimportanttothepublic.SmallchangesindBlevelarenoticeable.Decreaseof9dB(A)reducesnoiseby50%Decreaseof3dB(A)islikedoublingdistance94SummaryHighwaynoiseisimportSummaryNoisewallscanwork,but:Theyareexpensive.Theydon’tworkinalltypesofterrain.Sourceofnoiseisstillthere.Asphaltpavementscanreducenoiseatthesourcebyupto9dB(A).95SummaryNoisewallscanwork,bHotMixAsphaltSummaryAsphaltpavementsfornoisereductioninorderofeffectiveness:OGFCSMADense-GradedHMAPCC96HotMixAsphaltSummaryAsphalt《公路施工新技術(shù)》課件公路施工新技術(shù)2004年12月98公路施工新技術(shù)2004年12月199210031014施工過程102施工過程5施工過程新技術(shù)自檢碾壓機移動式拌和樓紅外線攝影機混合料傳送機103施工過程新技術(shù)自檢碾壓機6104710581069107101081110912不均勻密度的影響同壓密不夠類似增加剝落與水損減少疲勞壽命增加空隙率1%將至少減少10%的壽命110不均勻密度的影響同壓密不夠類似1311114112151131611417不均勻密度的位置115不均勻密度的位置18溫差超過14°C空隙率增加2%116溫差超過14°C19材料傳遞機117材料傳遞機2011821材料傳遞機拌和葉片攤鋪之前的再拌和119材料傳遞機攤鋪之前的22施工工藝自動化計算機技術(shù)應(yīng)用衛(wèi)星和激光定位技術(shù)遙控技術(shù)圖控技術(shù)機器眼技術(shù)動態(tài)反饋和傳感技術(shù)人機對話技術(shù)120施工工藝自動化計算機技術(shù)應(yīng)用23衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)121衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)24激光定位技術(shù)122激光定位技術(shù)25遙控技術(shù)123遙控技術(shù)26遙控挖掘裝載機124遙控挖掘裝載機27碾壓自動化125碾壓自動化28多臺碾壓機碾壓自動化126多臺碾壓機碾壓自動化2912730機器眼探測裂縫128機器眼探測裂縫31機器眼安裝路面標(biāo)記129機器眼安裝路面標(biāo)記32自動封縫機130自動封縫機33圖控技術(shù)131圖控技術(shù)34人機對話132人機對話35遙控管涵安裝機133遙控管涵安裝機36遙控挖掘裝載機134遙控挖掘裝載機37橋梁除漆機器人135橋梁除漆機器人38自動掃雪灑鹽機136自動掃雪灑鹽機39路面新技術(shù)超級性能路面瑪蹄脂瀝青碎石混凝土路面永久路面137路面新技術(shù)40混合料主要特點嚴格的材料選擇旋轉(zhuǎn)壓密機和體積比設(shè)計PGAGG%passingsievesize0.45SGC138混合料主要特點嚴格的材料選擇旋轉(zhuǎn)壓密機和體積比設(shè)計PGAG瀝青性能分級以天氣為基礎(chǔ)PG

64-22PerformanceGradeAverage7-daymaxpavementdesigntempMinpavementdesigntemp139瀝青性能分級以天氣為基礎(chǔ)PG64-22PerformancThehighertheGrade,thestifferthebinder.Themorerutresistance.

PG82PG76PG70PG64PG5814043Thelowerthenumber,themoreresistanttothermalcracking.PG -22 -28 -3414144集料特性基本特性–要求coarseaggregateangularity(CAA)fineaggregateangularity(FAA)flat,elongatedparticles(F&E)claycontent(SE)來源特性–選擇

toughnesssoundnessdeleteriousmaterialspolishvalues142集料特性基本特性–要求451000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.519.0PercentPassingSieveSize(mm)Raisedto0.45Power級配1431000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 控制點1000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.519.0PercentPassingcontrolpointrestrictedzonemaxdensitylinemaxsizenommaxsizeSieveSize(mm)Raisedto0.45Power144控制點1000.075 .3 2.36 4.MarshallMethodSFSCBFBCSR145MarshallMethodSFSCBFBCSR4819.0mm25.0mm37.5mm9.5mm4.75mm12.5mm14619.0mm25.0mm37.5mm9.5mm4.7AGGREGATEGRADATIONNominalSize:19.0mmSMA&19.0mmSuperpavePercentPassingSMASuperpave147AGGREGATEGRADATIONPercentPas19.0mmSuperpave14819.0mmSuperpave51InsertI-70I-70 Ndesign-96 19.0mmSMA VTM-4.3 149InsertI-70I-70 Ndesign-9AGGREGATEGRADATIONNominalSize:12.5mmSMA&12.5mmSuperpavePercentPassingSMASuperpave150AGGREGATEGRADATIONPercentPasI-83 12.5mm PG70-22Binder151I-83 12.5mm54First12.5mmSMAI-68Ndesign-1003.9VTM152First12.5mmSMAI-68Ndesign-熱壓密和緊跟攤鋪機!153熱壓密和緊跟攤鋪機!56特性比較RutResistantDurableSkidResistantReducedSprayReducedHydroplaningReducedSoundSuperpave

SMA154特性比較RutResistantSuperpave SMDecisionPointsforusingSMAastheSurfaceLayer>2000ESAL’sperday>55mph155DecisionPoints>2000ESAL’s永久路面路面設(shè)計概念156永久路面路面設(shè)計概念59永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗疲勞瀝青基層：通過厚度使拉應(yīng)變最小157永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗疲勞瀝青基層：通過厚度使拉應(yīng)變最小60永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗車轍上面層集料顆粒摩擦互鎖：軋制和粗顆粒瀝青膠結(jié)料：高溫性能和改性空隙率：現(xiàn)場4%-6%158永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗車轍上面層集料顆粒摩擦互鎖：61永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗車轍上面層車轍試驗驗證現(xiàn)場加速試驗159永久路面路面設(shè)計概念抗車轍上面層車轍試驗驗證62上開裂160上開裂63華盛頓州永久路面州際高速公路90號47%沒有破壞27-33年；路面24公分；第一次罩面12年；第二次罩面13年。161華盛頓州永久路面州際高速公路90號64厚度比較162厚度比較651636616467性能試驗165性能試驗68車轍儀166車轍儀69車轍儀試驗結(jié)果167車轍儀試驗結(jié)果70168711697217073171741727517376車輛噪音:engine,exhaustsystem,aerodynamicnoisetirenoise.For>90kmph,pavement/tirenoisedominates.PowertrainnoiseCoast-bynoise路面噪音174車輛噪音:Powertrainnoise路面噪音77FHWA-NoiseAbatementCriteria67dB(A)“thisisnotanabsolutevalueordesignstandard,onlyalevelwherenoisemitigationmustbeconsidered”175FHWA-NoiseTheDecibelScaleHearingThresholdConversationPainThresholdDiscomfort176TheDecibelScaleHearingThresTheDecibelScaleIncreasingthedecibellevelby10doublesthenoiseintensity!ConversationTrainChainSaw177TheDecibelScaleIncreasingth隔音墻和種樹ErectNoiseWallsorPlantTrees/Shrubs路面微觀構(gòu)造ControlSurfaceTexture防止噪音措施178隔音墻和種樹防止噪音措施81隔音墻Effectiveonlyforthoseinline-of-sight.Donotreducenoiseatsource.179隔音墻EffectiveonlyforthoseinEffectivenessmustjustifyexpense.Cases:I-40,Knoxville:>$25,000/homeI-285,Atlanta:Requirementsof>69dB(A)and<$50,000/homeU.S.441,WestBoca,FL:>67dB(A),<$30,000/home,reductionof>5dB(A)Nationwide(FHWA,1998):>$1M/mile隔音墻180EffectivenessmustjustifyexpConclusions,

“Ingeneral,whendense-gradedasphaltandPCCpavementsarecompared,thedense-gradedisquieterby2to3dB(A)”路面微觀構(gòu)造181Conclusions,“Ingeneral,when67dB(A)15mTheDecibelScale18267dB(A)15mTheDecibelScale8Areductionof3dB(A)islikedoublingthedistancefromthenoise.67dB(A)30m-3dB(A)=64dB(A)183Areductionof3dB(A)islikeConclusions:“Ingeneral,whendense-gradedasphaltandPCCpavementsarecompared,thedense-gradedisquieterby2to3dB(A)”A

3dB(A)reductioncorrespondsto: -doublingthedistance -reducingtrafficvolumeby50% -reducingtrafficspeedby25%

184Conclusions:“Ingeneral,wheConclusions:“Open-gradedasphaltshowsthegreatestpotentialfornoisereductionforpassbynoise.Reductionwhencomparedtodense-gradedasphaltrangedfrom1to9dB(A).”A

9dB(A)reductioncorrespondsto: -areductionintrafficnoisebyalmost50%!185Conclusions:“Open-gradedaspOGFCs

ReduceNoiseandImproveVisibility186OGFCs

ReduceNoiseandImproveNoiseReduction

OpenvsDenseGradedMixesSource:NCHRP284187NoiseReduction

OpenvsDenseDOTsindicateastrongneedforpavementnoisecontrolstrategies.Properselectionofpavementsurfaceisthebestmethodtoreducenoisefrompavement/tir